1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T F.747.7 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2014) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Audiovisual services Requirements for network-based location information conversion for location-based app
2、lications and services Recommendation ITU-T F.747.7 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international telemessage s
3、ervice F.40F.58 The international telex service F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F.110F.159
4、 TELEMATIC SERVICES Public facsimile service F.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Programming
5、communication interfaces F.580F.599 DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES F.700F.799 ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2
6、014) i Recommendation ITU-T F.747.7 Requirements for network-based location information conversion for location-based applications and services Summary Recommendation ITU-T F.747.7 defines the scenarios and the functional requirements for network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) for dif
7、ferent applications and services. The NBLIC system provides the translation capability through specific algorithms, which can present location information in different formats to fit in various scenarios. The system also provides diverse functions and capabilities, such as interoperability, security
8、, and privacy protection to the retrieved location data and to the converted information. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T F.747.7 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12227 Keywords Location-based services, location information conversion. _ * To access the Recommendat
9、ion, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations special
10、ized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them wit
11、h a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Reco
12、mmendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for c
13、onciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recomm
14、endation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any par
15、ty. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Ri
16、ghts, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implement
17、ers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written pe
18、rmission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 NBLIC scenarios for location-based applications and servic
19、es . 3 6.1 Centralized location information conversion model 3 6.2 Decentralized location information conversion model . 4 6.3 Hybrid location information conversion model . 5 7 Requirements for the NBLIC services framework . 6 7.1 High-level requirements . 6 7.2 System requirements 7 Appendix I NBL
20、IC use cases 8 I.1 Translation scenarios and procedures . 8 Bibliography. 12 iv Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) Introduction Location-based services (LBS) are widely used. However, the different uses addressed by different applications require dissimilar types of positioning results, and in addition, t
21、he various positioning systems provide location information in varied formats. For example, an automobile navigation application in a shopping mall car park usually requires the location information in the format of longitude and latitude, while the indoor positioning system of the malls parking lot
22、 offers the result in Cartesian coordinates. To reduce the number of positioning systems and make full use of the functionality of positioning systems, it is required to remove incompatibilities between the original positioning results and the appropriate results fitting the needs of an application.
23、 A network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) system can be employed to help applications understand the location information written in different formats and coordinates. The location conversion system works either locally or globally, depending on the system structure. It provides trans
24、lation functions to applications, and translates the positioning results from the original format to the required one. For example, it could translate the Cartesian coordinate positioning result (offered by the parking lot positioning system) into longitude and latitude according to the applications
25、 requirement. Recommendation ITU-T F.747.7 identifies the scenarios and requirements for NBLIC system for location-based applications and services. Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.7 Requirements for network-based location information conversion for location-based applicatio
26、ns and services 1 Scope Location-based services (LBS) are utilized to bring considerable convenience to our daily life. However, due to the dissimilar purposes of LBS applications, the required formats of the location information are often different. The network-based location information conversion
27、 (NBLIC) systems are employed, serving as an effective middle-ware to help location information to be accessed and understood by multiple applications and services. This Recommendation describes some typical scenarios and specifies the functional requirements according to these scenarios. The scope
28、of this Recommendation includes: the definition of NBLIC; the specific scenarios of NBLIC; the functional requirements for NBLIC. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendati
29、on. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references li
30、sted below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T F.747.5 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.5 (2014), Requirements and functional a
31、rchitecture of an automatic location identification system for ubiquitous sensor network applications and services. ITU-T Y.2221 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2221 (2010), Requirements for support of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications and services in the NGN environment. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms d
32、efined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 automatic location identification (ALI) system ITU-T F.747.5: ALI system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements to offer the ALI service. 3.1.2 sensor
33、 ITU-T Y.2221: Electronic device that senses a physical condition or chemical compound and delivers an electronic signal proportional to the observed characteristic. 3.1.3 sensor network ITU-T Y.2221: A network comprised of inter-connected sensor nodes exchanging sensed data by wired or wireless com
34、munication. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) 3.1.4 ubiquitous sensor network ITU-T Y.2221: A conceptual network built over existing physical networks which makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at any time, and where the information is generated by using cont
35、ext awareness. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) agent: A local server of the NBLIC system that acts on behalf of the central server to provide NBLIC services to a subscriber in the si
36、tuation when the NBLIC system is deployed in a decentralized mode, or in a hybrid mode. 3.2.2 network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) client: A terminal device or application consuming NBLIC services. 3.2.3 network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) service: A location assoc
37、iated service that provides the best accessible conversions of the positioning results upon request, and the formats of the converted results are in accordance with the requirements for the location-based applications and services. 3.2.4 network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) subscrib
38、er: A user authorized to use the NBLIC service. 3.2.5 network-based location information conversion (NBLIC) system: A set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements to offer the NBLIC services, which contains one or more databases consisting of a col
39、lection of the location information and the associated conversion parameters. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: ALI Automatic Location Identification CDMA Code Division Multiple Access GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for M
40、obile communications HRPD High-Rate Packet Data IoT Internet of Things LBS Location-Based Services LTE Long Term Evolution NBLIC Network-Based Location Information Conversion NFC Near-Field Communication QoS Quality of Service QR Quick Response SMS Short Message Service TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchr
41、onous Code Division Multiple Access USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network UWB Ultra-Wide Band WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) 3 WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access WLAN Wireless Local Area Network 5 Conventions In this Recommendation, the following
42、 conventions apply. The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted, if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolu
43、tely required. Thus this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. The keywords “can optionally“ indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without implying any sense of being recommended. This term is not intended to imply that the vendors implementation must provide the opt
44、ion and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and still claim conformance with the specification. 6 NBLIC scenarios for location-based applications and services The network-based location informa
45、tion conversion (NBLIC) service is defined to translate a positioning result into a desired format. The NBLIC service could be: part of a positioning system, such as the coordinate conversion function of automatic location identification (ALI) systems (defined in ITU-T F.747.5) for Internet of thing
46、s (IoT) applications; integrated in entities within distributed positioning systems; or a stand-alone service. As a result, there are different levels of the deployment of NBLIC functionalities. The following clauses describe the scenarios that are based on the different deployments of the NBLIC fun
47、ctionalities. 6.1 Centralized location information conversion model This scenario is illustrated in Figure 1 and it describes the situation where the NBLIC service is deployed in a centralized server of the stand-alone service, or in a centralized positioning system as its function entities. Figure
48、1 Scenario for location translation conversion using NBLIC services via centralized model 4 Rec. ITU-T F.747.7 (10/2014) Description: This is the scenario where all the location conversion information is stored in a single centralized server or a handful of centralized servers. Pre-conditions: In th
49、e centralized model, all the conversion information is held in the centralized server. The centralized server authorizes the subscribers to use all the information stored in the NBLIC system. In this scenario: 1. The subscribers client sends the request to the centralized server of the NBLIC system. 2. Upon receiving the request, the centralized server looks up the subscriber from the authorization entity, and then authorizes the subscriber if it is a NBLIC subscriber. 3. After the authorization, the NBL
