1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T F.748.1 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2014) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Audiovisual services Requirements and common characteristics of the IoT identifier for the IoT service Rec
2、ommendation ITU-T F.748.1 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international telemessage service F.40F.58 The intern
3、ational telex service F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F.110F.159 TELEMATIC SERVICES Public
4、 facsimile service F.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Programming communication interfaces F
5、.580F.599 DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES F.700F.799 ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) i Recommendation ITU-
6、T F.748.1 Requirements and common characteristics of the IoT identifier for the IoT service Summary Recommendation ITU-T F.748.1 describes the requirements and common characteristics of the Internet of things (IoT) identifier for the IoT service. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group U
7、nique ID* 1.0 ITU-T F.748.1 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12229 Keywords Identifier, IoT. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii
8、 Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU.
9、 ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for
10、 study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared o
11、n a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may cont
12、ain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express
13、 requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property
14、 Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of int
15、ellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All r
16、ights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommenda
17、tion . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Introduction of the IoT identifier 3 7 Analysis of identifiers in the existing technologies 4 8 Common characteristics of the IoT identifier . 5 9 Requirements of the IoT identifier . 6 9.1 Identifying anything . 6 9.2 Communication between t
18、hings . 6 9.3 Association between physical objects and virtual objects 6 9.4 Networking technology independency . 6 9.5 Mapping identifiers to objects 7 9.6 Relation between characteristics and requirements 7 10 New capability for IoT identifiers 8 11 Reference model of identification in the IoT 8 B
19、ibliography. 10 iv Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) Introduction ITU perceives the Internet of things (IoT) as a vision with technological and societal implications that can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virt
20、ual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. As a common understanding, the IoT involves various kinds of technologies such as: identification, architectural work, communications, networking, discovery and search engines, power and energy stora
21、ge and security and privacy. Among these technologies, it is widely agreed that radio frequency identification (RFID), ubiquitous sensor network (USN) or sensor networks and machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine oriented communication (MOC) will be enablers for the IoT. In RFID environments, tag-based
22、 identification b-ITU-T F.771 enables users to access multimedia information through users electronic devices equipped with ID tag readers and communication functions. In the IoT environments, it is required to study not only tag-based identification, but also general-purpose identification schemes.
23、 Because the IoT involves various enablers such as RFID, USN or sensor networks, and M2M or MOC, the identification scheme of the IoT is required to be applied to these various enablers. To realize the IoT services, existing information and communication technologies should evolve to support the cha
24、racteristics of the IoT. Third generation partnership project (3GPP) systems, Internet, wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN), and next generation networks (NGNs) are evolving to provide IoT services based on existing technologies. Due to economic and technical ch
25、allenges, it is rare to implement completely new technologies. As existing technologies are evolving respectively and independently, the existing identification scheme for each technology will be used continually. There may be two options for the creation of a future IoT identifier. One is the evolu
26、tion from existing identifiers, and the other is the creation of a new identifier. Given that information and communication technologies are typically developed with the guarantee of interoperability using existing technologies, a future IoT identifier looks likely to evolve from existing identifier
27、s. Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.748.1 Requirements and common characteristics of the IoT identifier for the IoT services 1 Scope The objective of this Recommendation is to analyse identifiers in existing technologies for the Internet of things (IoT) services, and describe th
28、e requirements of the IoT identifier, common characteristics of the IoT identifier, and the reference model of the IoT identifier. This Recommendation describes the requirements and common characteristics of the IoT identifier for the IoT services. The scope of this Recommendation includes: analysis
29、 of identifiers in existing technologies, common characteristics of the IoT identifier, requirements of the IoT identifier, reference model of the IoT identifier. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitut
30、e provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recomm
31、endations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2060 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 (2012)
32、, Overview of the Internet of things. ITU-T Y.2063 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2063 (2012), Framework of the web of things. ITU-T Y.2091 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2091 (2011), Terms and definitions for next generation networks. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following
33、 terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 address ITU-T Y.2091: An address is the identifier for a specific termination point and is used for routing to this termination point. 3.1.2 identifier ITU-T Y.2091: An identifier is a series of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify
34、 subscriber(s), user(s), network element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.g., physical or logical objects). Identifiers can be used for registration or authorization. They can be either public to all networks, shared between a limited number
35、of networks or private to a specific network (private IDs are normally not disclosed to third parties). 3.1.3 Internet of things ITU-T Y.2060: A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolv
36、ing, interoperable information and communication technologies. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring t
37、hat security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 In a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and
38、acronyms: 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project CID Caller ID DNS Domain Name System ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol ICTs Information and Communication Technologies IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics
39、 Engineers IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IoT Internet of Things Ipv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 ITS Intelligent Transport Systems M2M Machine-to-Machine MAC Medium Access Control MOC Machine Oriented Commu
40、nication MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number MTC Machine Type Communication NGN Next Generation Network PDA Personal Digital Assistant RFID Radio Frequency Identification TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol URI Uniform Resource Identifier USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network WLAN Wirele
41、ss Local Area Network WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network Rec. ITU-T F.748.1 (10/2014) 3 5 Conventions None. 6 Introduction of the IoT identifier Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been used for and by humans, but this situation is evolving. ICTs are being used not only by humans
42、, but also by machines (e.g., things, devices, objects). Specifically, technological environments composed of fixed computers, laptops and high performance machines are evolving to be composed of smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia devices, lightweight devices and se
43、nsors. Moreover, all things will be connected to networks as time goes by. This change will be one of the features of IoT. ICT services are evolving to support the IoT services; as a result, various services such as intelligent transport systems (ITS), smart home services, u-Health, and smart-meteri
44、ng services will converge into the IoT services. Communication and networking technologies such as third generation partnership project (3GPP) systems, Internet, wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN) and next generation network (NGN) are also evolving to provide I
45、oT services based on existing technologies. However, to provide the IoT services, it is necessary to implement completely new services and technologies. As the existing ICTs services are evolving respectively and independently, the identifier for the existing technologies will be used continually. I
46、n the same manner, the future IoT identifier may evolve from the existing identifiers. In 3GPP system-based networks, the mobile subscriber ISDN number (MSISDN), international mobile equipment identity (IMEI), and international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) are used to provide the IoT services.
47、In the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 WLAN-based networks, the medium access control (MAC) address is used as an identifier. In IEEE 802.16 WiMAX-based networks, caller IDs (CID) or MAC addresses are used as an identifier. Each identifier can be used in the same netw
48、orking technologies, but it is impossible to interoperate with other identifiers used in different networking technologies. If it is required that different identifiers are interoperable in the same manner as the conventional Internet, upper layer identifiers such as Internet protocol version 4 (IPv
49、4), Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and uniform resource identifiers (URI) can be used. If the use of IoT services increases exponentially and globally, new access technologies and new communication networks can be deployed for the IoT services. In this case, a new IoT identifier should be designed and implemented. Since ICTs are developed with the guarantee of interoperability using existing technologies, then the future IoT identifier looks likely to evolve from the existing identifiers. For interconne
