1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2015) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Internet of t
2、hings and smart cities and communities General SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Machine socialization: Relation management models and descriptions Recommendation ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEX
3、T-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and ma
4、intenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service a
5、nd network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Serv
6、ice aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.260
7、0Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and u
8、se cases Y.4100Y.4249 Infrastructure, connectivity and networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 For further
9、 details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 Machine socialization: Relation management models and descriptions Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 specifies the relation management models and descripti
10、ons for machine socialization which enables machines to cooperate to achieve a given task using their relations with other machines. This Recommendation also includes use cases of relation management models and presents schemas to describe a relation. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Gr
11、oup Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 2015-11-29 16 11.1002/1000/12622 Keywords Machine socialization, relation management model. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, htt
12、p:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardi
13、zation Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which
14、meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-
15、Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation
16、is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must
17、“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may
18、involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this
19、Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database a
20、t http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms def
21、ined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Overview of relation for machine socialization 2 7 Relation management models . 3 7.1 Centralized relation management model 3 7.2 Distributed relation management model 4 7.3 Nested-centrali
22、zed relation management model 5 8 Relation descriptions 6 8.1 Machine profile schema . 6 8.2 Relation profile schema 7 Appendix I Use cases of relation management models 10 I.1 Booking of a movie ticket based on a centralized relation management model 10 I.2 Booking of a movie ticket based on a dist
23、ributed relation management model 11 I.3 Booking of a movie ticket based on a nested-centralized relation management model . 12 Bibliography. 14 Rec. ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 Machine socialization: Relation management models and descriptions 1 Scope This R
24、ecommendation specifies the relation management models and descriptions for machine socialization which enables machines to cooperate to achieve a given task using their relations with other machines. This Recommendation covers the following: relation management models for machine socialization; rel
25、ation descriptions for machine socialization; and use cases for relation management models. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the ed
26、itions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently va
27、lid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.4001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (2015), Machine socialization: Overview and reference model. 3 Defini
28、tions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 Internet of things (IoT) b-ITU-T Y.4000: A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evol
29、ving interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requir
30、ements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.1.2 machine socialization ITU-T Y.4001: Enabling things or machines to communicate what they do or what they need to each other as well as to follow each othe
31、r, discuss with each other and collaborate with each other. 3.1.3 relation ITU-T Y.4001: An association between or among machines or things enabling machines or things to share or to provide the capability to achieve a task in collaboration. This includes scheduling of processes between or among mac
32、hines or things to perform a task. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms. 3.2.1 capability parameter: Information on a capability of a machine to achieve a given task such as an input parameter, an output parameter, processing time, etc. 2 Rec. ITU-
33、T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) 3.2.2 capability set: A set of capabilities that machines can provide to process commands from users. 3.2.3 machine profile schema: A schema to describe features of a machine. 3.2.4 relation module: A module that acts as a relation server in the distributed relation manage
34、ment model. A relation module resides in every machine in the distributed relation management model. 3.2.5 relation profile schema: A schema to describe a relation to achieve a given task. It contains information on a group of machines, processing schedules, workgroup IDs, work descriptions and a ca
35、pability set. 3.2.6 relation server: A server to establish a relation and operate machines according to the relations. 3.2.7 status parameter: The current status of a machine such as active, standby, expected termination time of the current operation, current execution task, current execution functi
36、on and expected termination time of the current execution function. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: XML Extensible Markup Language 5 Conventions None. 6 Overview of relation for machine socialization Like the human experience of using s
37、ocial network services to obtain information on the knowledge and capabilities of other people, unrestricted by barriers of time and place, etc., machines can communicate what they do or what they need; they can follow each other, discuss, collaborate, create events and do things together. This invo
38、lves the socialization of machines to a level corresponding to that of the social relations of humans ITU-T Y.4001. Socialization may have many meanings, but one of the most important features of socialization is working together. Machine socialization implicates that machines work together to achie
39、ve given tasks. To achieve the task in collaboration, machines have to establish associations with other machines by sharing and providing capabilities, these associations are called relations in ITU-T Y.4001 and in this Recommendation. In other words, machines should exchange data with other machin
40、es and understand the meaning of the exchanged data to establish a relation. Humans can exchange their ideas with other people using languages or gestures, however a machine cannot exchange information with other machines using natural languages. Therefore, a machine should exchange information and
41、respond to other machines by analysing the information with other machines that is expressed in a mutually understandable form, such as extensible markup language (XML). This Recommendation defines a schema for a mutually understandable form of machine socialization. If machines can understand and e
42、xchange data with other machines, a relation can be established through relation management. Rec. ITU-T Y.4002/F.748.3 (11/2015) 3 Relation management establishes a relation, operates machines using the established relation and releases the relation as specified by relation management models. Proced
43、ures to establish a relation vary according to relation management models. 7 Relation management models For machine socialization, it is necessary to manage relations among machines. Relation management varies depending on the relation models. Relation management models may require user intervention
44、 in cases where the results of tasks are critical to the user. In this Recommendation, relation management models define creation and release of relations in three different ways based on the machine socialization framework defined in ITU-T Y.4001. 7.1 Centralized relation management model Figure 1
45、Centralized relation management model In the centralized relation management model shown in Figure 1, a relation server manages relations among machines and executes a task following the steps listed below: 1) Machines register machine profile parameters to the relation server. 2) A machine receives
46、 a users command to execute a task and forwards the task to the relation server. 3) The relation server analyses the task. 4) The relation server establishes a capability set to execute the task. 5) The relation server establishes a group of useable machines to execute the task based on the capabili
47、ty set, capability parameters and status parameters of the machines that are already registered on the server or extractable from the target machines. 6) The relation server establishes a relation for the group based on the capability set, the capability parameters and the status parameters of the m
48、ember machines. 7) The relation includes the group of machines and the schedules of the processes necessary to perform the task. 8) The relation server establishes a relation profile based on the relation. 9) If the results of the processes in the relation profile are critical to the user, the relat
49、ion server should request a user intervention and update the relation profile: a) The relation server requests the user to approve the performance of the task or to select processes by listing processes executed by the machines. b) The user can either approve the performance of the task or select the processes to permit the performance of the task and then notifies the relation server. c) The relation server may establish a new group of machines and a new relation based on the users decision. 4 Rec. IT
