1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T G.650.1TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2010) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Transmission media and optical systems characteristics Optical fibre cables Definitions and test methods for linear, de
2、terministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMISSI
3、ON SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPH
4、ONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 General G.600G.609 Symmetric cable pairs G.610G.619 Land coaxial cable pairs G.620G.629 Submarine cables G.630G.639 Free space optical systems G.640G.649 Optical fibre cables G.650G.659Characteristics
5、 of optical components and subsystems G.660G.679 Characteristics of optical systems G.680G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.1000G
6、.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) i Recommendation ITU-T G
7、.650.1 Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable Summary Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 contains definitions of the linear, deterministic parameters of single-mode optical fibres and cables. It also contains both, reference test methods and altern
8、ative test methods for characterizing these parameters. These test methods are suitable mainly for factory measurements of the linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibres and cables. Some of the test methods may also be used to characterize discrete optical components. History 1993 Defini
9、tions and test methods were removed from single-mode fibre Recommendations such as Recommendation ITU-T G.652 and used to create the initial version of Recommendation ITU-T G.650. 1997 The second version of Recommendation ITU-T G.650 added definitions and test methods for polarization mode dispersio
10、n and Appendices I, II and III. The improved determination of cut-off wavelength (now clause 5.3.1.3.4) was also added. 2000 The third version established reference and alternative test methods for polarization mode dispersion, modified the definitions and test methods for core concentricity error (
11、clauses 3.4 and 5.2), and added clause 5.1.4 and Appendices IV, V and VI. 2002 In order to facilitate maintenance, Recommendation ITU-T G.650 was divided into smaller Recommendations. Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2 contains definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear attributes of sing
12、le-mode fibre and cable. 2004 The second version of Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 added a third alternative test method “Spectral attenuation modelling“ (clause 5.4.4) and new Appendix III “Example of a matrix model“. This material has been moved from the single-mode fibre Recommendations into this R
13、ecommendation G.650.1. In addition, chromatic dispersion fitting procedures have been added (Annex A). 2010 The third version of Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 added the test method “Test methods for the macrobend loss“ (clause 5.6). Jumper cut-off wavelength has been deleted from clause 5.3. Addition
14、al description has been added in cut-off wavelength test method (clause 5.3.1.3.2). Corrected Equation 5-1. Detailed description has been added in prooftest method (clause 5.7). Appendix II has been updated. ii Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is
15、the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing R
16、ecommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
17、The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Adm
18、inistration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g., interoperability or applicability) and c
19、ompliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendati
20、on is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claime
21、d Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommen
22、dation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, wi
23、thout the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 General definitions . 2 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 2 3.3 Mode field characteristics . 3 3.4 Glass geometry characteristics . 3 3.5 Chromatic dispersion definiti
24、ons 4 3.6 Other characteristics . 4 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 5 Test methods . 6 5.1 Test methods for the mode field diameter 6 5.2 Test methods for the cladding diameter, core concentricity error and cladding non-circularity 13 5.3 Test methods for the cut-off wavelength 22 5.4 Test methods fo
25、r the attenuation 30 5.5 Test methods for the chromatic dispersion . 42 5.6 Test methods for the macrobend loss . 49 5.7 Test methods for prooftesting . 51 Annex A Chromatic dispersion fitting 56 A.1 General . 56 A.2 Definition of equations and fitting coefficients 56 A.3 Fitting procedure 57 Append
26、ix I Methods of cut-off wavelength interpolation 58 I.1 Limited negative error method . 58 I.2 Least squares method . 59 Appendix II Test method for measuring chromatic dispersion uniformity based on the backscattering technique . 61 II.1 General . 61 II.2 Test apparatus . 61 II.3 Measurement proced
27、ure . 62 II.4 Presentation of the results . 65 Appendix III Example of a matrix model . 66 Bibliography. 68 Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable 1 Scope This Recommendation contain
28、s definitions and test methods suitable mainly for factory measurements of the linear, deterministic attributes of the single-mode optical fibres and cables described in ITU-T G.652, ITU-T G.653, ITU-T G.654, ITU-T G.655, ITU-T G.656 and ITU-T G.657. These definitions and test methods are generally
29、not appropriate for multimode fibre, such as specified in ITU-T G.651.1. Some of the test methods, when so indicated, may also be used to characterize discrete optical components, such as those described in ITU-T G.671. ITU-T G.650.2 contains definitions and test methods for statistical and non-line
30、ar attributes. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are sub
31、ject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document
32、 within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2 (2007), Definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.651.1 Recommendation ITU-
33、T G.651.1 (2007), Characteristics of a 50/125 m multimode graded index optical fibre cable for the optical access network. ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2009), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2010), Characteristics of a disp
34、ersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2010), Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and c
35、able. ITU-T G.656 Recommendation ITU-T G.656 (2010), Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband optical transport. ITU-T G.657 Recommendation ITU-T G.657 (2009), Characteristics of a bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical fibre and cable for the access network.
36、ITU-T G.671 Recommendation ITU-T G.671 (2002), Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems. IEC 60793-1-30 IEC 60793-1-30 (2010), Optical fibres Part 1-30: Measurement methods and test procedures Fibre proof test. IEC 60793-1-42 IEC 60793-1-42 (2007), Optical fibres Part 1-42:
37、Measurement methods and test procedures Chromatic dispersion. Annex C, Differential phase shift test method. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) IEC 60793-1-44 IEC 60793-1-44 (2001), Optical fibres Part 1-44: Measurement methods and test procedures Cut-off wavelength. IEC 60793-1-45 IEC 60793-1-45 (2001)
38、, Optical fibres Part 1-45: Measurement methods and test procedures Mode field diameter. IEC 60793-1-46 IEC 60793-1-46 (2001), Optical fibres Part 1-46: Measurement methods and test procedures Monitoring of changes in optical transmittance. IEC 60793-1-47 IEC 60793-1-47 (2009), Optical fibres Part 1
39、-47: Measurement methods and test procedures Macrobending loss. IEC 61745 IEC 61745 (1998), End-face image analysis procedure for the calibration of optical fibre geometry test sets. IEC 61746-1 IEC 61746-1 (2009), Calibration of optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDR) Part 1: OTDR for single mode
40、 fibres. 3 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 General definitions 3.1.1 refractive index profile: The refractive index along a diameter of the fibre. 3.1.2 reference test method (RTM): A test method in which a characteristic of a specified class of optical fibres or opt
41、ical fibre cables is measured strictly according to the definition of this characteristic and which gives results which are accurate, reproducible and relatable to practical use. 3.1.3 alternative test method (ATM): A test method in which a given characteristic of a specified class of optical fibres
42、 or optical fibre cables is measured in a manner consistent with the definition of this characteristic and gives results which are reproducible and relatable to the reference test method and to practical use. 3.1.4 cladding mode stripper: A device that encourages the conversion of cladding modes to
43、radiation modes. 3.1.5 mode filter: A device designed to accept or reject a certain mode or modes. 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 3.2.1 primary coating: The one or more layers of protective coating material applied to the fibre cladding during or after the drawing process to preserve the integrity o
44、f the cladding surface and to give a minimum amount of required protection (e.g., a 250 m protective coating). 3.2.2 secondary coating: The one or more layers of coating material applied over one or more primary coated fibres in order to give additional required protection or to arrange fibres toget
45、her in a particular structure (e.g., a 900 m “buffer“ coating, “tight jacket“, or a ribbon coating). 3.2.3 prooftest level: The prooftest level is the specified value of tensile stress or strain to which a full length of fibre is subjected for a specified short time period. This is usually done sequ
46、entially along the fibre length. 3.2.4 stress corrosion parameter: The stress corrosion (susceptibility) parameter n is a dimensionless coefficient empirically related to the dependence of crack growth on applied stress. It depends upon the ambient temperature, humidity and other environmental condi
47、tions. Both a static and a dynamic value for this parameter can be given. Rec. ITU-T G.650.1 (07/2010) 3 The static value nsis the negative of the slope of a static fatigue log-log plot of failure time versus applied stress. The dynamic value is ndwhere 1/(nd+ 1) is the slope of a dynamic fatigue lo
48、g-log plot of failure stress versus applied stress rate. NOTE n need not be an integer. 3.3 Mode field characteristics 3.3.1 mode field: The mode field is the single-mode field distribution of the LP01mode giving rise to a spatial intensity distribution in the fibre. 3.3.2 mode field diameter: The m
49、ode field diameter (MFD) 2w represents a measure of the transverse extent of the electromagnetic field intensity of the mode in a fibre cross-section, and it is defined from the far-field intensity distribution F2(), being the far-field angle, through the following equation: 212032202cossin)(cossin)(22=dFdFw (3-1) 3.3.3 mode field centre: The mode field centre is the position of the centroid of the spatial intensity dist
