1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T G.654 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2016) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Transmission media and optical systems characteristics Optical fibre cables Characterist
2、ics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable Recommendation ITU-T G.654 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANS
3、MISSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOT
4、ELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 General G.600G.609 Symmetric cable pairs G.610G.619 Land coaxial cable pairs G.620G.629 Submarine cables G.630G.639 Free space optical systems G.640G.649 Optical fibre cables G.650G.659 Character
5、istics of optical components and subsystems G.660G.679 Characteristics of optical systems G.680G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G
6、.1000G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) i Recommendation ITU
7、-T G.654 Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable Summary Recommendation ITU-T G.654 describes the geometrical, mechanical and transmission attributes of a single-mode optical fibre and cable which has the zero-dispersion wavelength around 1 300 nm wavelength, and whi
8、ch is loss-minimized and cut-off wavelength shifted at around the 1 550 nm wavelength region. This is the latest revision of this Recommendation that was first created in 1988. Version 10.0 introduces category E ITU-T G.654 fibre in order to significantly improve the optical signal to noise ratio (O
9、SNR) characteristics to support 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s digital coherent transmission systems in terrestrial deployments. It is intended to maintain the continuing commercial success of this fibre in the evolving world of high-performance optical transmission systems. History Edition Recomm
10、endation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T G.654 1988-11-25 XV 11.1002/1000/886 2.0 ITU-T G.654 1993-03-12 XV 11.1002/1000/887 3.0 ITU-T G.654 1997-04-08 15 11.1002/1000/4020 4.0 ITU-T G.654 2000-10-06 15 11.1002/1000/5185 5.0 ITU-T G.654 2002-06-29 15 11.1002/1000/6074 6.0 ITU-T G.654 2004-
11、06-13 15 11.1002/1000/7320 7.0 ITU-T G.654 2006-12-14 15 11.1002/1000/8974 8.0 ITU-T G.654 2010-07-29 15 11.1002/1000/10870 9.0 ITU-T G.654 2012-10-29 15 11.1002/1000/11768 10.0 ITU-T G.654 2016-11-13 15 11.1002/1000/13077 Keywords optical fibre and cable, cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre a
12、nd cable, large mode field diameter fibre, long haul transmission _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11
13、/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible f
14、or studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T stu
15、dy groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis
16、 with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory p
17、rovisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use
18、of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no po
19、sition concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protect
20、ed by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of
21、this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and
22、acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Fibre attributes 2 6.1 Mode field diameter . 2 6.2 Cladding diameter 2 6.3 Core concentricity error 2 6.4 Non-circularity . 3 6.5 Cut-off wavelength . 3 6.6 Macrobending loss 4 6.7 Material properties of the fibre . 4 6.8 Refractive index profile 4 6.9 Longitudinal unifo
23、rmity of chromatic dispersion . 4 6.10 Chromatic dispersion 5 7 Cable attributes . 5 7.1 Attenuation coefficient . 5 7.2 Polarization mode dispersion coefficient . 5 8 Recommended value tables 6 Appendix I Information about cabled fibre link attributes used for system design 12 I.1 Attenuation . 12
24、I.2 Chromatic dispersion 12 I.3 Differential group delay . 13 I.4 Tables of common typical values . 13 I.5 Non-linear coefficient . 14 I.6 An example of statistical methodology 15 Bibliography. 16 Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mod
25、e optical fibre and cable 1 Scope This Recommendation describes a single-mode optical fibre and cable, which has the zero-dispersion wavelength around 1 300 nm, which is loss-minimized and cut-off shifted at a wavelength around 1 550 nm and which is optimized for use in the 1 5301 625 nm region. Thi
26、s very low loss cut-off shifted fibre (CSF) can be used for long-distance digital transmission applications, such as long-haul terrestrial line systems and submarine cable systems using optical amplifiers. The geometrical, optical (attenuation, cut-off wavelength, chromatic dispersion and polarizati
27、on mode dispersion (PMD), etc.), transmission and mechanical characteristics of this CSF are described. Some provisions are made to support transmission at higher wavelengths up to 1 625 nm. The geometrical, optical, transmission and mechanical parameters are described in three categories of attribu
28、tes: fibre attributes that are retained throughout cabling and installation; cable attributes that are recommended for cables as they are delivered; link attributes that are characteristics of concatenated cables, describing estimation methods of system interface parameters based on measurements, mo
29、delling or other considerations. Information for link attributes and system design are given in Appendix I. This Recommendation, and the different performance categories found in Tables 1 to 5 in clause 8, are intended to support the following related-system Recommendations: b-ITU-T G.696.1; b-ITU-T
30、 G.957. The meaning of the terms used in this Recommendation, and the guidelines to be followed in the measurements to verify the various characteristics, are given in ITU-T G.650.1 and ITU-T G.650.2. The characteristics of this fibre, including the definitions of the relevant parameters, their test
31、 methods and relevant values, will be refined as studies and experience progress. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions ind
32、icated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T
33、Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.650.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 (2010), Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-m
34、ode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2 (2015), Definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ISO 80000-1 ISO 80000-1:2009, Quantities and units Part 1: General. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) 3 Definitions 3.1 Te
35、rms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the terms given in ITU-T G.650.1 and ITU-T G.650.2. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CSF Cut-off Shifted Fibre DGD Differential Group Delay DWD
36、M Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing MFD Mode Field Diameter OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing 5 Conventions Values shall be rounded to the number of digits in the recommended values listed in Tables 1 to 5 before conformance
37、 is evaluated. The conventional rule of “rounding half away from zero“ is used, which is described in rule B of Annex B of ISO 80000-1. Only the first digit beyond the number of significant digits is used in determining the rounding. 6 Fibre attributes Only those characteristics of the fibre that pr
38、ovide a minimum essential design framework for fibre manufacturers are recommended in this clause. Ranges or limits on values are presented in Tables 1 to 5 in clause 8. Of these, cable manufacture or installation may significantly affect the cabled fibre cut-off wavelength and polarization mode dis
39、persion (PMD). Otherwise, the recommended characteristics will apply equally to individual fibres, fibres incorporated into a cable wound on a drum and fibres in an installed cable. 6.1 Mode field diameter Both a nominal value and tolerance about that nominal value of mode field diameter (MFD) shall
40、 be specified at 1 550 nm. The nominal values of the MFD that are specified shall be within the ranges found in clause 8. The specified tolerance of the MFD shall not exceed the value in clause 8. The deviation from nominal shall not exceed the specified tolerance. 6.2 Cladding diameter The recommen
41、ded nominal value of the cladding diameter is 125 m.A tolerance is also specified and shall not exceed the value in clause 8. The cladding deviation from nominal shall not exceed the specified tolerance. 6.3 Core concentricity error The core concentricity error shall not exceed the value specified i
42、n clause 8. Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) 3 6.4 Non-circularity 6.4.1 Mode field non-circularity In practice, the mode field non-circularity of fibres having nominally circular mode fields is found to be sufficiently low that propagation and jointing are not affected. It is, therefore, not considered n
43、ecessary to recommend a particular value for the mode field non-circularity. It is not normally necessary to measure the mode field non-circularity for acceptance purposes. 6.4.2 Cladding non-circularity The cladding non-circularity shall not exceed the value found in clause 8. 6.5 Cut-off wavelengt
44、h Two useful types of cut-off wavelength can be distinguished: a) cable cut-off wavelength, cc; b) fibre cut-off wavelength, c. NOTE 1 For some specific submarine cable applications, other cable cut-off wavelength values may be required. The correlation of the measured values of c and cc depends on
45、the specific fibre and cable design and the test conditions. While in general, cc 4000 12.0 10 Gbit/s 400 5.0 40 Gbit/s NOTE This value applies also for 10 Gbit Ethernet systems. NOTE Cable section length is 10 km except for the 0.10 ps/km/ 4 000 km link where, if set to 25 km, the probability level
46、 is 6.5 108. I.5 Non-linear coefficient The effect of chromatic dispersion is interactive with the non-linear coefficient, n2/Aeff, where Aeff denotes effective area, regarding system impairments induced by non-linear optical effects (see b-ITU-T G.663 and ITU-T G.650.2). Typical values vary with th
47、e implementation. Test methods for the non-linear coefficient remain under study. Rec. ITU-T G.654 (11/2016) 15 I.6 An example of statistical methodology A mathematical approach for statistical link design can be taken when randomness can be assumed in designing a link (e.g., when a relatively large
48、 number of high-count cables are randomly concatenated to form a link), though its versatility is for further study. For example, when a concatenated link is composed of cabled fibre originated from a limited number of discrete fibres, a limited number of spooled fibres and cables, randomness is lim
49、ited and the worst-case designing methodology is preferable to obtain reasonable system margins. General methodology for statistical system design is described in b-ITU-T G-Sup.39, and the following provides one way to formulate a statistical upper limit for one of the fibre or cable parameters. The calculation starts with establishing a statistical distribution. Let xi and Li be a fibre parameter per unit length and a cable length, respectively, of a fibre in the ith
