1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T G.696.1TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2010) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Transmission media and optical systems characteristics Characteristics of optical systems Longitudinally compatible int
2、ra-domain DWDM applications Recommendation ITU-T G.696.1 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDI
3、VIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.4
4、50G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 General G.600G.609 Symmetric cable pairs G.610G.619 Land coaxial cable pairs G.620G.629 Submarine cables G.630G.639 Free space optical systems G.640G.649 Optical fibre cables G.650G.659 Characteristics of optical components an
5、d subsystems G.660G.679 Characteristics of optical systems G.680G.699DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.1000G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA C
6、HARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) i Recommendation ITU-T G.696.1 Longitudinally comp
7、atible intra-domain DWDM applications Summary Recommendation ITU-T G.696.1 provides physical layer specifications for intra-domain (IaD) DWDM optical networking applications. Longitudinally compatible applications inside a single administrative domain are described for point-to-point, multichannel l
8、ine systems with or without line amplifiers. The application codes in this Recommendation provide a set of categories for DWDM transmission systems and fibre links. The primary purpose is to enable multiple vendors to design DWDM transmission equipment for fibre links that are compliant with this Re
9、commendation. In this version of this Recommendation, the following topics have been added with respect to the version from 07/2005: Client class 100G; Additional text for clause 8 “Optical safety considerations“; Comprehensive revision of Appendix I including new clauses I.2.6, I.3.6, I.3.7, I.4, I
10、.5 and additional text for some clauses. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T G.696.1 2005-07-14 15 1.0 ITU-T G.696.1 (2005) Erratum 1 2006-03-16 15 2.0 ITU-T G.696.1 2010-07-29 ii Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the U
11、nited Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recomm
12、endations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The a
13、pproval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administ
14、ration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compl
15、iance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation i
16、s required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed In
17、tellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendati
18、on. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, withou
19、t the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Classification of optical interfaces 4 5.1 Applications 4 5.2 Re
20、ference configurations 4 5.3 Nomenclature . 5 6 Longitudinal compatibility . 6 7 Parameters. 6 7.1 Maximum and minimum attenuation per span . 6 7.2 Fibre type 7 7.3 Operating wavelength range . 7 7.4 Minimum and maximum chromatic dispersion per span . 7 7.5 Minimum local chromatic dispersion coeffic
21、ient . 8 7.6 Maximum chromatic dispersion deviation . 8 7.7 Maximum differential group delay . 8 7.8 Minimum optical return loss at MPI-SMor SM. 10 7.9 Maximum discrete reflectance between MPI-SMand MPI-RM10 8 Optical safety considerations 10 Appendix I Theoretical limits and design considerations f
22、or DWDM systems . 11 I.1 Enabling technologies and their limits . 11 I.2 Other effects which limit transmission distance . 14 I.3 Techniques used to mitigate impairments 18 I.4 Mixed transmission of 10 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s transmission wavelengths 19 I.5 100G applications . 21 Bibliograp
23、hy. 22 Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.696.1 Longitudinally compatible intra-domain DWDM applications 1 Scope This Recommendation provides physical layer specifications for intra-domain (IaD) DWDM optical networking applications. These specifications are provided for point-to-p
24、oint, multichannel line systems with or without line amplifiers. The goal is to enable longitudinally compatible applications inside an administrative domain. The primary purpose is to enable multiple vendors to provide transmission equipment for fibre links that are compliant with this Recommendati
25、on. In order to provide a framework for IaD application specifications, this Recommendation includes a generic reference model for the physical layer applications. The specifications are organized according to application codes, which take into account parameters such as operating wavelength ranges
26、of the optical amplifiers, combinations of channel counts, client classes, span distances, fibre types and system configurations. This initial Recommendation focuses on IaD applications without intervening optical switching elements. It is expected that future versions and/or other new Recommendatio
27、ns may address more complex physical layer configurations and/or support a higher level of compatibility. For these applications, different parameters beyond those specified for a point-to-point configuration may be required. This Recommendation presumes that the optical tributary signals transporte
28、d within optical channels are digital rather than analogue. Specifications for systems enabling transport of analogue optical tributary signals are for further study. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, const
29、itute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Re
30、commendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2
31、(2007), Definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2009), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2006), Characteristics of a dispersi
32、on-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2006), Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable
33、. ITU-T G.663 Recommendation ITU-T G.663 (2000), Application related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems plus Amendment 1 (2003), Amendments to Appendix II. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) ITU-T G.664 Recommendation ITU-T G.664 (2006), Optical safety procedures and requirements for op
34、tical transport systems. ITU-T G.665 Recommendation ITU-T G.665 (2005), Generic characteristics of Raman amplifiers and Raman amplified subsystems. ITU-T G.691 Recommendation ITU-T G.691 (2006), Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64 and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.707 R
35、ecommendation ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 (2007), Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). ITU-T G.709 Recommendation ITU-T G.709/Y.1331 (2009), Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN). ITU-T G.870 Recommendation ITU-T G.870/Y.1352 (2010), Terms and definitions for optic
36、al transport networks (OTN). ITU-T G.872 Recommendation ITU-T G.872 (2001), Architecture of optical transport networks plus Amendment 1 (2003) and Corrigendum 1 (2005). ITU-T G.957 Recommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hi
37、erarchy. ITU-T G.959.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.959.1 (2009), Optical transport network physical layer interfaces. IEC 60825-1 IEC 60825-1 (2007), Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements. IEC 60825-2 IEC 60825-2 (2007), Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of opti
38、cal fibre communication systems (OFCS). 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined in ITU-T G.872: 3.1.1 intra-domain interface (IaDI); 3.1.2 3R regeneration. This Recommendation uses the following term defined in ITU-T G.870: 3.1.3 optical channel
39、 data unit (ODUk). This Recommendation uses the following term defined in ITU-T G.959.1: 3.1.4 optical tributary signal. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 client class: The client class refers to a class of bit rates of the client signal
40、of a single optical tributary signal that is placed within an optical channel for transport across the optical network. In the context of this Recommendation, the client bit rate is the bit rate of a continuous digital signal before any additional FEC bytes have been added. In the case of a signal i
41、n accordance with ITU-T G.707, this would be the rate of the ODUk. 3.2.2 client class 1.25G: Applies to a continuous digital signal with a client bit rate from nominally 622 Mbit/s to nominally 1.25 Gbit/s. The client class 1.25G includes a signal with STM-4 bit rate according to ITU-T G.707. Rec. I
42、TU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) 3 3.2.3 client class 2.5G: Applies to a continuous digital signal with a client bit rate from nominally 622 Mbit/s to nominally 2.5 Gbit/s. The client class 2.5G includes a signal with STM-16 bit rate according to ITU-T G.707 and ODU1 bit rate according to ITU-T G.709. 3.2.4 c
43、lient class 10G: Applies to a continuous digital signal with a client bit rate from nominally 2.4 Gbit/s to nominally 10.5 Gbit/s. The client class 10G includes a signal with STM-64 bit rate according to ITU-T G.707 and ODU2 bit rate according to ITU-T G.709. 3.2.5 client class 40G: Applies to a con
44、tinuous digital signal with a client bit rate from nominally 9.9 Gbit/s to nominally 42 Gbit/s. The client class 40G includes a signal with STM-256 bit rate according to ITU-T G.707 and ODU3 bit rate according to ITU-T G.709. 3.2.6 client class 100G: Applies to a continuous digital signal with a cli
45、ent bit rate from nominally 39 Gbit/s to nominally 105 Gbit/s. The client class 100G includes a signal with ODU4 bit rate according to ITU-T G.709. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: 3R (Regeneration) Re-amplification, Reshaping and Retiming APR Automa
46、tic Power Reduction ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission ASK Amplitude Shift Keying BER Bit Error Ratio DCM Dispersion Compensation Module DEMUX Demultiplexer DGD Differential Group Delay DP Dual Polarization DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DRA Dis
47、tributed Raman Amplification DWDM Dense WDM EDFA Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction FWM Four-Wave Mixing IaD Intra-Domain IaDI Intra-Domain Interface MPI Main Path Interface MUX Multiplexer NCG Net Coding Gain NRZ Non-Return to Zero OA Optical Amplifier ODB Optical Duobinary 4
48、 Rec. ITU-T G.696.1 (07/2010) ODUk Optical channel Data Unit k (k = 1, 2 or 3) OPM Optical Power Monitor OSA Optical Spectrum Analyser OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio PDG Polarization-Dependent Gain PDL Polarization-Dependent Loss PM Polarization Multiplexing PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion PMDQ
49、Statistical parameter for link PMD PSK Phase Shift Keying QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RZ Return to Zero SOP State of Polarization SPM Self-Phase Modulation VOA Variable Optical Attenuator WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing XPM Cross-Phase Modulation 5 Classification of optical interfaces 5.1 Applications This Recommendation addresses longitudinally compatible intra-domain DWDM applications with or without optical line amplifiers. Different line amplifier types may be used,
