1、 z I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T G.973 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2016) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Digital sections and digital line system Optical fibre submarine cable systems Charact
2、eristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems Recommendation ITU-T G.973 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRA
3、NSMISSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADI
4、OTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 General G.900G.909 Parameters for optical fibre cable systems G.910G.919 D
5、igital sections at hierarchical bit rates based on a bit rate of 2048 kbit/s G.920G.929 Digital line transmission systems on cable at non-hierarchical bit rates G.930G.939 Digital line systems provided by FDM transmission bearers G.940G.949 Digital line systems G.950G.959 Digital section and digital
6、 transmission systems for customer access to ISDN G.960G.969 Optical fibre submarine cable systems G.970G.979 Optical line systems for local and access networks G.980G.989 Metallic access networks G.990G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.1000G.1999
7、TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.973 (11/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T G.973 Cha
8、racteristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems Recommendation ITU-T G.973 is concerned primarily with the system performance and interface requirements of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. It considers both single wavelength systems (SWS), wavelength division mu
9、ltiplexing systems (WDMS), and dense wavelength division multiplexing systems (DWDMS). It also covers the aspects related to the applications of discrete optical fibre amplifiers (OFAs) (power amplifiers, pre-amplifiers, remote optically pumped amplifiers) and/or distributed remotely pumped OFAs usi
10、ng Raman amplification. This edition of the Recommendation introduces a new power budget template for the implementation of coherent systems. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T G.973 1996-11-11 15 11.1002/1000/3831 2.0 ITU-T G.973 2003-12-14 15 11.1002/1000/7068
11、 3.0 ITU-T G.973 2007-07-29 15 11.1002/1000/9158 4.0 ITU-T G.973 2010-07-29 15 11.1002/1000/10883 5.0 ITU-T G.973 2016-11-13 15 11.1002/1000/13117 Keywords Repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems, remote optically pumped amplifier (ROPA) * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/
12、handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T G.973 (11/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field o
13、f telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
14、telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by
15、the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate bot
16、h a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when
17、all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
18、RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by
19、ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that thi
20、s may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-
21、T G.973 (11/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 3 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 4 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 4 5 Conventions 6 6 Characteristics and performance of the system 6 6.1 Characteristics and performance of
22、 the digital line sections (DLS) . 6 6.2 Characteristics and performance of the optical sections 8 6.3 System reliability performance . 12 6.4 System capacity upgradeability 12 7 Characteristics and performance of the TTE 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 Transmission performance . 12 7.3 Actions consequent t
23、o an alarm 14 7.4 Automatic switching . 14 8 Characteristics and performance of the submarine cable . 14 8.1 Dispersion mapping 14 8.2 Dispersion management implementation . 14 Annex A Implementation of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems 16 A.1 Introduction 16 A.2 System configuratio
24、n 18 A.3 Characteristics of the line signal . 21 A.4 System operation 22 A.5 Passive branching unit characteristics 22 Annex B Repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems using ROPA: Optical power budget between optical reference points S and R and line monitoring . 24 B.1 Remote optically pu
25、mped amplifiers (ROPAs) 24 B.2 Optical power budget for systems using ROPA . 24 B.3 Line monitoring for pumping portion . 25 Bibliography. 27 Rec. ITU-T G.973 (11/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.973 Characteristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems 1 Scope This Recommendation is c
26、oncerned primarily with the system performance and interface requirements of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems; it considers both single wavelength systems (SWS), wavelength division multiplexing systems (WDMS) and dense wavelength division multiplexing systems (DWDMS). It also cove
27、rs the aspects related to the applications of discrete optical fibre amplifiers (OFAs) as power amplifiers, pre-amplifiers and/or remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPA) (either erbium-doped transmission fibres using remote pumping from the terminal or the distributed Raman amplification pumped fr
28、om the terminal). The purpose of a repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable system is to establish transmission links between two or more terminal stations located in a restricted geographical area. A cable system connecting only two terminal stations may be termed an “optical fibre submarine cabl
29、e link“. When it connects more than two terminal stations, it may be termed an “optical fibre submarine cable network“. In a repeaterless submarine cable system, no power feeding equipment (PFE) is necessary as there is no in-line OFA. As far as the branching unit devices are concerned, those consid
30、ered in this Recommendation are the passive ones, therefore avoiding electronic components and supervisory and power feeding. Common implementation aspects of optical submarine cable systems for manufacturing, installing and maintenance are described in ITU-T G.971. ITU-T G.978 contains common aspec
31、ts of the characteristics of the optical fibre submarine cables. ITU-T G.979 is also concerned with the characteristics of monitoring systems for repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. The physical implementation of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems and the implications
32、 of the use of ROPA are considered respectively in Annexes A and B. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were va
33、lid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendation
34、s is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a standalone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.661 Recommendation ITU-T G.661 (2007), Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical amplifier devices and
35、 subsystems. ITU-T G.662 Recommendation ITU-T G.662 (2005), Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.664 Recommendation ITU-T G.664 (2012), Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport systems. ITU-T G.665 Recommendation ITU-T G.665 (2005), Gen
36、eric characteristics of Raman amplifiers and Raman amplified subsystems. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.973 (11/2016) ITU-T G.692 Recommendation ITU-T G.692 (1998), Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.698.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.698.1 (2009), Multichannel DWDM applications
37、with single-channel optical interfaces. ITU-T G.701 Recommendation ITU-T G.701 (1993), Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing, and pulse code modulation (PCM) terms. ITU-T G.702 Recommendation ITU-T G.702 (1988), Digital hierarchy bit rates. ITU-T G.703 Recommendation ITU-T G.703 (2016)
38、, Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces. ITU-T G.707 Recommendation ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 (2007), Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). ITU-T G.709 Recommendation ITU-T G.709/Y.1331 (2016), Interfaces for the optical transport network ITU-T
39、 G.780 Recommendation ITU-T G.780/Y.1351 (2010), Terms and definitions for synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) networks. ITU-T G.821 Recommendation ITU-T G.821 (2002), Error performance of an international digital connection operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an Integ
40、rated Services Digital Network. ITU-T G.823 Recommendation ITU-T G.823 (2000), The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy. ITU-T G.825 Recommendation ITU-T G.825 (2000), The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are base
41、d on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). ITU-T G.826 Recommendation ITU-T G.826 (2002), End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections. ITU-T G.828 Recommendation ITU-T G.828 (2000), Error performance parameters and obje
42、ctives for international, constant bit-rate synchronous digital paths. ITU-T G.921 Recommendation ITU-T G.921 (1988), Digital sections based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy. ITU-T G.955 Recommendation ITU-T G.955 (1996), Digital line systems based on the 1544 kbit/s and the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy on opt
43、ical fibre cables. ITU-T G.957 Recommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy. ITU-T G.959.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.959.1 (2016), Optical transport network physical layer interfaces. ITU-T G.971 Recommendation ITU-T G.97
44、1 (2016), General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.972 Recommendation ITU-T G.972 (2016), Definition of terms relevant to optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.975 Recommendation ITU-T G.975 (2000), Forward error correction for submarine systems. ITU-T G.975.1 Reco
45、mmendation ITU-T G.975.1 (2004), Forward error correction for high bit-rate DWDM submarine systems. Rec. ITU-T G.973 (11/2016) 3 ITU-T G.978 Recommendation ITU-T G.978 (2010), Characteristics of optical fibre submarine cables. ITU-T G.979 Recommendation ITU-T G.979 (2016), Characteristics of monitor
46、ing systems for optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.8201 Recommendation ITU-T G.8201 (2011), Error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator international paths within optical transport networks. ITU-T G.8251 Recommendation ITU-T G.8251 (2010), The control of jitter and wan
47、der within the optical transport network (OTN). IEC 60825-1 IEC 60825-1 (2014), Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements. IEC 60825-2 IEC 60825-2 (2006), Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OCFS). 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms d
48、efined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 digital line section (DLS) ITU-T G.701 3.1.2 double armoured cable ITU-T G.972 3.1.3 intermediate terrestrial interface (ITI) ITU-T G.972 3.1.4 multiplex section overhead (MSOH) ITU-T G.780 3.1.5 optical fibre amp
49、lifier (OFA) ITU-T G.661 3.1.6 receive main path interface reference point (MPI-R) ITU-T G.959.1 3.1.7 rock armoured cable ITU-T G.972 3.1.8 S, R reference points ITU-T G.662 3.1.9 single armoured cable ITU-T G.972 3.1.10 source main path interface reference point (MPI-S) ITU-T G.959.1 3.1.11 submarine cable optical interface (SCOI) ITU-T G.977 3.1.12 submarine electro-optic interface (SEOI) ITU-T G.977 3.1.13 synchronous digital hierarchy
