1、4862591i 0683450 799 M INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT TH E INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COM M IllEE DIRECTIVES concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines VOLUME VI DANGER AND DISTUR
2、BANCE Geneva 1989 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CON SU LTATIVE COMMITTEE DIRECTIVES concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines VOLUME VI DANGER AND DISTURBANCE
3、Geneva 1989 ISBN 92-61 -04071 -3 O I.T.U. 4862593 Ob83453 4T PREFACE The rapid development of new technologies in telecommunications, electric power transmission and distrib- ution, and electric railway systems has made the earlier issue of the Directives (1960 edition) out-of-date and this former i
4、ssue is therefore being replaced completely. he present Directives (1988 edition) have been established by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCIIT) to give clear advice on how adverse electromagnetic effects on telecommunications lines from nearby electric power or el
5、ectric railway installations may be minimized. The Directives have been based on the latest information that is available. The new Directives have been prepared in close cooperation with the following international organizations : - the International Union of Railways (UIC) - the International Confe
6、rence on Large High Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE). Representatives from these organizations have participated in preparation of the text of the Directives. The two organizations support the underlying principles from which these texts have been derived, and the guidelines in the Directives which
7、have been given. Such guidelines normally relate to general cases which are described. It is left to national organizations to establish more detailed regulations which apply to particular cases. The new Directives are divided into a series of separate volumes, each dealing with a particular part of
8、 the complete subject. Each volume can be used independently. Modem calculation methods which are suitable for compu- ter techniques have been incorporated. Numerical values are used to define desirable limits which should be followed when the recommended technical measures are taken. In general, it
9、 should not be necessary to exceed these limits, although some special cases may arise where it is either uneconomical or impractical to do so (e.g. in narrow valleys). In such cases, mutual agree- ment based on the principles set out in the Directives should be reached. Guidance on administration,
10、economic and particularly legislation matters have been omitted deliberately since they are considered to be outside the technical scope of the advice given in the new Directives. In consequence, the rules of procedure which should be followed by telecommunications operators, and electric power and
11、electric rail- way authorities have not been covered. Nevertheless, the three international organizations which have worked together to produce the new Direc- “Telecommunications, electric power and electric railway authorities should work together closely and fol- low the new Directives when seekin
12、g solutions to mutual problems. The solutions chosen should be those most accept- able and economical overall, and should not confer undue advantages to any participant. We, the undersigned, representing the three organizations, CCITT, UIC and CIGRE, support the work done jointly on behalf of our or
13、ganizations in producing these Directives. We recommend these Directives to members of CCIT, UIC and CIGRE who seek solutions to mutual disturbance problems.” tives, CCIT, UIC and CIGRE, recommend that : Th. IRMER Director of the CCm J. BOULEY Secretary-General of UIC G. LEROY Secretaty-General of C
14、IGRE m 4862591 0681454 334 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION . 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Aim and scope of the Directives Suucture of the Directives . Content of individual volumes . Use of the Directives i .2. 2.1 When studying coupling processes in general . 1.2.2.2 When establishing standards or si
15、milar regulations . 1.2.2.3 i . 2. i 1.2.2 When dealing with danger and disturbance problems in practice . Introduction to Voliime VI Definitions CHAPTER 2 . ELECTRICAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS . 2.0 2.1 Electrical Safety Considerations - Introduction Human Physiological Responses to Elecrrical Stimuli
16、 . 2.1.2 Let-Go Response 2.1.1 Perception Response 2.1.3 Cardiac Response (Ventricular Fibrillation) . 2.1.4 Other Respons es . 2.1.5 Time/Current Zones . 2.2 Human Body Impedance . 2.2.1 Internal Body Impedance . 2.2.2 Skin Impedance 2.2.3 Total body Impedance Effect of Operating Procedures On Safe
17、ty . 2.3.1 Avoiding Current Paths 2.3.2 Maximizing Contact Resistance . 2.3 References (for Chapter 2) . CHAPTER 3 . CONDITIONS WHICH MAY RESULT IN DANGER 3.1 General . Page 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 13 13 3.2 Interfering Effects of Power Systems and Electrified Railway
18、s . 13 Volume Vi . Table of Contents Previous page is blank . V 4862591 Ob1455 270 m 3.2.1 Elecuic Shock Hazards 3.2.2 3.2.3 Thermal Damage to Equipment and Wiring . Dielectric Damage to equipment and Wiring 3.3 Power System Effects 3.3.1.1 Capacitive Coupling . 3.3.1 Coupling 3.3.1.2 Conductive Cou
19、pling 3.3.1.3 Inductive Coupling . 3.3.2 Effects During Fault Conditions . Effects on Screened Conductors Effects on Unscreened Conductors 3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.3.3 Effects During Normal Operating Conditions . 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 Effects on Screened Conductors Effects on Unscreened Conductors Effects of ele
20、crified railways 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4 Effects of ac railways. normal operating conditions . Effects of dc railways. normal operating conditions . Effects of dc railways, fault conditions . Corrosion effects of electrified railways . Voltage levels at normal operating conditions Voltage
21、levels caused by power lines Voltage levels caused by electric railways Effects of ac railways, fault conditions . 3.5 Voltage Levels 3.5.1 3.5.1,l 3.5.1.2 Voltage levels at abnormal (fault) conditions . 3.5.2.1 Voltage levels induced by power lines 3.5.2.2 Voltage levels caused by electrified railw
22、ays 3.6 Current levels Current levels at normal operating conditions 3.6.1.1 Current levels caused by power lines 3.6.1.2 Current levels caused by electrified railways . Current levels at abnormal (fault) conditions 3.6.2.1 Current levels caused by power lines 3.6.2.2 Current levels caused by electr
23、ified railways . 3.5.2 3.6.1 3.6.2 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 26 27 CHAPTER 4 . CONDITIONS WHICH MAY RESULT IN DISTURBANCE . 29 4.0 IntrtAuction 29 4.1 Balance . 29 VI Volume VI . Table of Contents 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.1.1 Bal
24、ance as a Function of Frequency . 4.1.2 Balance as a Function of Configuration Specification of Balance . 4.2.1 System Balance 4.2.2 System Component Balance . Cable Screening 4.3.1 Magnetic field screening 4.3.2 Screening factor . Sources of Harmonics . 4.4.1 Power Line Configurations . 4.4.2 Machi
25、nes 4.4.3 Apparatus . 4.4.4 Electric Railway Systems . Relative Levels of Harmonics . 4.5.1 Harmonic Level for Different Power Configurations 4.5.2 Harmonic Levels for Machines and Apparatus . Effects of Harmonics on Neighbouring Telecommunications Lines . 4.6.1 Dependence of Magnetic Coupling on Fr
26、equency 4.6.2 Dependence of Cable Screening on Frequency . 4.6.3 Telephone Influence Factor Message Circuit Noise Weighting . 4.7.1.1 Frequency Weighting 4.6.4 Specifying the Disturbance to Telecommunication Service from Power Lines . 4.7.1 General 4.7.1.2 Power Addition . 4.7.1.3 Transient Response
27、 . 4.7.1.4 Reference Level 4.7.2 Psophomeuic Weighting 4.7.3 C-Message Weighting Psophomeuic and C-Message Weighting Compared 4.7.4 CHAPTER 5 . PERMISSIBLE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LEVELS TO LIMIT DANGER . 5.1 Introduction 5.2 General Principles . Permissible Voltage Levels in the Case of Normal Operatio
28、n of the Inducing Line . Permissible Voltage Levels in the Case of a Fault on the Inducing Line Permissible Capacitively - Coupled Current 5.3 5.4 5.5 29 29 30 30 30 31 32 32 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 45 45 45 47 48 49 Volume VI . Table of Contents VI1 4862591
29、 ObBlY57 043 W 5.6 Application of Permissible Voltage . 5.7 Permissible Volage Levels in Particular Situations . 5.8 other Considerations . CWR 6 . PERMISSIBLE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LEVELS TO LIMIT DISTURBANCE 6.1 General . 6.1.1 Equipment Dependent Levels . 6.1.2 Voice Transmission Dependent Levels .
30、 6.1.3 Digital Transmission Dependent Levels . 6.2 Permissible Disturbance Permissible Disturbance for Voice Transmission 6.2.1 6.2.2 Permissible Disturbance for Digital Transmission 49 49 50 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 53 VI11 Volume VI . Table of Contents . H 4862591 Qb1458 TBT 9 CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1.
31、1 Aim and scope of the Directives The present Directives supersede the 1963 edition approved by the 2nd Plenary Assembly of CCIT in New Delhi 1960. The 1963 Directives were amended in 1965, 1974, 1978 and 1982. They provided a comprehensive description of electromagnetic effects due to the close pro
32、ximity of telecommunication lines to power and electrified railway systems, containing regularly updated findings in this field and reflecting the current state of the art. Analyses have shown, however, that in spite of these advantages, the 1963 Directives are not used as widely as expected. The ma
33、in reasons for this are believed to be that the 1963 Directives form a very bulky book which is hard to handle and in which theoretical considerations tend to prevail over practical advice. Calculation methods and the related models were developed before modem computer technology was available. Sinc
34、e the 1963 Directives reflected the principal arrangements which appeared in the original first issue in 1925, many cross-references became necessary as new clauses were added. In consequence, the Wth Plenary Assembly of CCIT in Geneva 1980 decided to revise the 1963 Directives completely and entrus
35、ted Study Group V with the task of producing new Directives for publication in 1988. The new Directives are intended to meet a number of requirements, particularly those sought by engineers in the field. Nevertheless, the valuable background advice contained in the 1963 Directives is retained and ev
36、en ex- panded wherever relevant. As a result, the new Directives should be useful: - to practising engineers who seek guidelines on how to deal with danger and disturbance problems: - to scientists and researchers who need a reference book with the most recent findings; - to students who require a t
37、extbook with which to become acquainted with electromagnetic coupling phenomena; - to Administrations which need to have a basis to form national regulations and standards. The new Directives have been prepared as a result of close collaboration between many members of CCITT, CIGRE and the IJiC. The
38、y therefore describe technical methods for solving mutual problems which are recognized by these international organizations and which should facilitate coordination between member organizations in user coun- tries. The principal object of the new Directives is to describe ways in which adverse effe
39、cts from power transmission and distribution lines or from electrified railway lines onto telecommunication lines can be reduced or avoided. Such effects may result in danger to personnel, damage to telecommunication equipment. deterioration of telecommunication transmission quality or to disturbanc
40、e of signalling. Although the advice given in the new Directives has been described for public telecommunication networks, the basic principles have a more general application, and owners of other networks should decide whether they can be adapted to their own needs. VolumeVI - Chap.l 1 48b2591 U681
41、459 916 1.2 Structure o the Directives 1.2.1 Content of individual volumes The new Directives are divided into 9 volumes, each dealing with a separate part of the overall subject matter. The series is made up as follows: Volume I Volume II Volume III Volume IV Volume V Volume VI Volume VI1 Volume VI
42、11 Volume Ix “Design, construction and operational principles of telecommunication, power and electrified railway facilities“ describes these systems and shows why conditions for their mutual coexistence must be established. “Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases“ describes th
43、e methods for evaluating voltages and currents resulting from capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling in a variety of commonly-encountered situations. “Capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling: physical theory and Calculation methods“ gives an account of the physical laws governing the re
44、levant phenomena together with mathematical models, and introduces a precise calculation method to evaluate voltages and currents resulting from couplings. “Inducing currents and voltages in electrified railway systems“ describes traction systems using d.c. and a.c. at various frequencies (16 2/3 Hz
45、, 50 Hz, 60 Hz etc.) in normal operation and under fault conditions. “Inducing currents and voltages in power transmission and distribution systems“ describes unbalanced and balanced power systems in normal operation and under fault conditions. “Danger and disturbance“ considers the risk to both equ
46、ipment and people. “Protective measures and safety precautions“ describes methods which are commonly used to ensure satisfactory working and operating conditions. “Protective devices“ gives the latest information on devices which may be used to improve safety standards or reduce disturbance of telec
47、ommunication systems. “Testing methods and measuring apparatus“ describes the methods and apparatus used to determine parameters required for coupling calculations, and to verify the satisfactory operation of protective measures. In addition it deals with testing methods iaking into account modem pr
48、actices in other fields of electromagnetic compatibility (e.g. lightning, high frequency disturbances). The volumes overlap to some extent deliberately. This limits the need to consult several volumes simultaneously when resolving practical problems. Calculation methods for evaluating voltages and c
49、urrents induced into lines are given in both Volumes II and III. In Volume II simplified formulae are given for each type of coupling with graphs and data for step-by-step calculation. The method covers the usual cases which arise in practice and requires access only to calculators or small computers. It is useful to those seeking a simple procedure where some approximations have to be made. In Volume III, a rigorous calculation method is given, saictly associated with the theory of coupling which is also treated in the volume. The method deals with a wide range of situations and
