1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T K.83 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Amendment 1 (07/2014) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels Amendment 1: Updates to the introduction and Appendix I of ITU-
2、T K.83 Recommendation ITU-T K.83 (2011) Amendment 1 Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T K.83 Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels Amendment 1 Updates to the introduction and Appendix I of ITU-T K.83 1) Modify the Summary, Introduction and Appendix I to read as follows
3、 (the full text of the Recommendation is included for easy reference): Summary Recommendation ITU-T K.83 gives guidance on how to make long-term measurements for the monitoring of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the selected areas that are under public concern, in order to show that EMFs are under c
4、ontrol and under the limits. The purpose of this Recommendation is to provide for the general public clear and easily available data concerning electromagnetic field levels in the form of results of continuous measurement. Amendment 1 introduces references to ITU-T K.52, ITU-T K.61 and ITU-T K.70, w
5、hich provide guidance on measurements methods that can be used to achieve compliance assessments. It also updates the list of links contained in Appendix I. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T K.83 2011-03-09 5 11.1002/1000/11037 1.1 ITU-T K.83 (2011) Amd.1 2014-
6、07-29 5 11.1002/1000/12224 _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) FOREWORD The Interna
7、tional Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, oper
8、ating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, p
9、roduce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In
10、this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g.,
11、 interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not sugg
12、est that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evide
13、nce, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which ma
14、y be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
15、 reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 4 5 Physical quantities, units and constants 4 6 General process . 5 6.1 Desc
16、ription of the general method . 5 6.2 Exposure limits . 6 7 Frequency selective measurement procedure . 7 7.1 Frequency sub-ranges . 7 7.2 Automatic level range determination . 7 7.3 Measurement of frequency bands . 7 7.4 Measurement of special services 8 7.5 Result evaluation 8 7.6 Measurement equi
17、pment, general requirements . 8 7.7 Measurement probe 9 7.8 Measurement instrument 9 7.9 Measurement control 9 7.10 Mechanical and protective housing 9 8 Broadband measurement procedure . 9 8.1 Measuring equipment . 9 8.2 Measurement probe 10 8.3 Measurement instrument 10 8.4 Protection 10 8.5 Measu
18、rement method . 10 8.6 Measurement of exposure to multiple sources or frequencies . 11 9 Uncertainty . 11 10 Report on the measurement results . 12 Appendix I Links to the official websites with results of the EMF monitoring . 14 iv Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) Introduction Electromagnetic
19、 fields are imperceptible and unknown for the general public. This unawareness and imperceptibility distrust and rejection among the population, which can result in social conflicts and lead to delays in the deployment of new wireless technologies. One solution to these problems can be the control o
20、f the electromagnetic emissions by taking measurements and having a proper communication. Measurements turn emissions into something objective and, when presented to the public in an understandable format, help diminish the unawareness and helplessness of the public. The measurements of electromagne
21、tic fields described in this Recommendation meet three requirements: must be objective, reliable, and continuous. The objectivity of the measurements is achieved whenever a public and/or independent body carries out the taking of the measurements and manages their publication. Reliability derives fr
22、om compliance with international norms and standards regarding the measurement of electromagnetic fields and by an accredited calibration of the measuring equipment. The continuous taking of objective and reliable measurements (24/365) provides permanent monitoring of emissions and a maximum transpa
23、rency. For years, in various parts of the world, broadband systems have been used for the continuous measurement of electromagnetic fields with satisfactory results, increasing citizens confidence in governments, and reducing their fear and ignorance regarding electromagnetic emissions. An alternati
24、ve are the frequency selective measurement systems which should be applied to meet particular requirements. Other Recommendations, such as ITU-T K.52, ITU-T K.61 and ITU-T K.70 provide guidance on measurements methods that can be used to achieve compliance assessments. These are also effective appro
25、aches to reduce concern undertaken by some countries. This Recommendation presents the basis for the implementation of continuous measurement systems for electromagnetic emissions, in order to constitute a common practice at the international level for this type of measurements. Rec. ITU-T K.83 (201
26、1)/Amd.1 (07/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.83 Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels Amendment 1 Updates to the introduction and Appendix I of ITU-T K.83 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies the methods and characteristics of the monitoring system to be used for the continuous monitoring of el
27、ectromagnetic fields emitted by radio transmitters, both in the broadband and in the frequency selective measurement systems, in order to assess the long-term exposure of people to electromagnetic fields in the band of 9 kHz-300 GHz. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other referen
28、ces contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to invest
29、igate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the stat
30、us of a Recommendation. EN 50383 EN 50383 (2010), Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of electromagnetic field strength and SAR related to human exposure from radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems (110 MHz-40 GHz). EN 50400 EN 50400 (20
31、05), Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz-40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when
32、put into service. EN 50413 EN 50413 (2008), Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz-300 GHz). EN 50492 EN 50492 (2008), Basic standard for in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human
33、 exposure in the vicinity of base stations. ICNIRP ICNIRP (1998), Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHz). IEC 62311 IEC 62311 (2007), Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for e
34、lectromagnetic fields (0 Hz-300 GHz). IEEE C95.3 IEEE Std C95.3-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 100 kHz-300 GHz. ISO/IEC Guide ISO/IEC Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in
35、Measurement, 1995. 2 Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) 3 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 averaging time (tavg): Appropriate time over which exposure is averaged for purposes of determining compliance with the limits. 3.2 electric field strength (E): Magnitude of
36、 a field vector at a point that represents the force (F) on a small test charge (q) divided by the charge: qFEThe electric field strength is expressed in units of volt per metre (V/m). 3.3 exposure: Exposure occurs whenever a person is exposed to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields. 3.4 exp
37、osure ratio: The assessed exposure parameter at a specified location for each operating frequency of a radio source, expressed as the fraction of the related limit. For assessments against reference levels: Between 9 kHz and 10 MHz: HLHELEM A XER ,Between 100 kHz and 300 GHz: 22 ,HLHELEM A XERor bet
38、ween 10 MHz and 300 GHz: SLSERwhere: ER is the exposure ratio at each operating frequency for the source EL is the investigation E-field limit at frequency f HL is the investigation H-field limit at frequency f SL is the equivalent plane-wave power density limit at frequency f E is the assessed E-fi
39、eld at frequency f for the source H is the assessed H-field at frequency f for the source S is the assessed equivalent plane-wave power density at frequency f for the source f is each operating frequency of the source ER is applicable to limits based on national regulations, or if they are not defin
40、ed then in ICNIRP principles. 3.5 far-field region: Region of the field of an antenna where the radial field distribution is essentially dependent inversely on the distance from the antenna. In this region, the field has a predominantly plane-wave character, i.e., locally uniform distribution of ele
41、ctric field and magnetic field in planes transverse to the direction of propagation. Rec. ITU-T K.83 (2011)/Amd.1 (07/2014) 3 NOTE In the far-field region, the vectors of the electric field E and the magnetic field H are perpendicular to each other, and the quotient between the value of the electric
42、 field strength E and the magnetic field strength H is constant and equals the impedance of free space Z0. 3.6 impedance of free space: The impedance of free space Z0 is defined as the square root of the free space permeability 0 divided by the permittivity of free space 0: 377120000Z3.7 linearity:
43、Maximum deviation over the measurement range of the measured quantity from the closest linear reference curve defined over the range. 3.8 magnetic field strength (H): The magnitude of a field vector in a point that results in a force (F) on a charge q moving with the velocity v: )( HvqF The magnetic
44、 field strength is expressed in units of amperes per meter (A/m). 3.9 modulation: The process of modifying the amplitude, phase and/or frequency of a periodic waveform in order to convey information. 3.10 near-field region: Region generally in proximity to an antenna or other radiating structure, in
45、 which the electric and magnetic fields do not have a substantially plane-wave character, but vary considerably from point to point. The near-field region is further subdivided into the reactive near-field region, which is closest to the radiating structure and that contains most or nearly all of th
46、e stored energy, and the radiating near-field region where the radiation field predominates over the reactive field, but lacks substantial plane-wave character and is complex in structure. 3.11 permeability (): Magnetic permeability of a material is defined by the magnetic flux density B divided by
47、the magnetic field strength H: HB where is the permeability of the medium expressed in henry per metre (H/m). 3.12 permittivity (): Property of a dielectric material (e.g., biological tissue). In case of an isotropic material, it is defined by the electrical flux density D divided by the electrical
48、field strength E: ED The permittivity is expressed in units of farads per metre (F/m). 3.13 power density (S): Radiant power incident perpendicular to a surface, divided by the area of the surface. The power density is expressed in units of watt per square metre (W/m). 3.14 relevant source: A radio
49、source which, at a given measurement point, has an exposure ratio larger than 0.05. 3.15 root mean square (rms): Effective value or rms value obtained by taking the square root of the average of the square of the value of the periodic function taken throughout one period. 3.16 total exposure ratio (TER) EN 50383: The total exposure ratio is the maximum value of the sum of exposure ratios of the equipment under test and all relevant sources over
