1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.88TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2011) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE EMC requirements for next generation network equipment Recommendation ITU-T K.88 Rec. ITU-T K.88 (11/2011) i Recommendation ITU-T K.88 EMC requirements
2、 for next generation network equipment Summary Recommendation ITU-T K.88 specifies the emission and immunity requirements for next generation network equipment, based on IP packet technologies. It also describes operational conditions for emission and immunity testing. Performance criteria for immun
3、ity tests are also specified. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T K.88 2011-11-13 5 Keywords EMC, NGN. ii Rec. ITU-T K.88 (11/2011) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, informat
4、ion and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldw
5、ide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTS
6、A Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administ
7、ration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisi
8、ons are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to
9、the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside
10、 of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the lates
11、t information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.88 (11/2011) iii Table of
12、 Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Test methods and limits 3 5.1 Emission . 3 5.2 Immunity 4 6 General operational conditions and test configuration . 4 7 Specific test c
13、onfigurations and operational conditions . 5 7.1 Specific test configurations 5 7.2 Specific operational conditions 6 7.3 Special test methods . 6 8 Performance criteria 7 8.1 General performance criteria 7 8.2 Special performance criteria . 8 Annex A Example of equipment within the scope of the pre
14、sent Recommendation . 10 Appendix I Parameters of NGN system based on IP related to QoS 11 I.1 Transfer delay . 11 I.2 Delay variation . 11 I.3 Loss ratio 12 I.4 QoS requirements for different services on NGN based on IP 12 I.5 An example of transfer delay and delay variation 14 Bibliography. 16 Rec
15、. ITU-T K.88 (11/2011) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.88 EMC requirements for next generation network equipment 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies the emission and immunity requirements for switching, transmission and media gateway equipment based on Internet protocol (IP) in the next generation networ
16、k (NGN). It also describes operational conditions for emission and immunity testing. Performance criteria for immunity tests are also specified. The general operational condition and performance criteria are recommended in ITU-T K.48. This Recommendation describes the specific testing conditions to
17、be applied to NGN equipment. An example of equipment under this scope is presented in Annex A. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the
18、 editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently
19、 valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.27 Recommendation ITU-T K.27 (1996), Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication buildin
20、g. ITU-T K.34 Recommendation ITU-T K.34 (2003), Classification of electromagnetic environmental conditions for telecommunication equipment Basic EMC Recommendation. ITU-T K.38 Recommendation ITU-T K.38 (1996), Radiated emission test procedure for physically large systems. ITU-T K.43 Recommendation I
21、TU-T K.43 (2009), Immunity requirements for telecommunication network equipment. ITU-T K.48 Recommendation ITU-T K.48 (2006), EMC requirements for telecommunication equipment Product family Recommendation. ITU-T K.76 Recommendation ITU-T K.76 (2008), EMC requirements for telecommunication network eq
22、uipment (9 kHz-150 kHz). ITU-T K.80 Recommendation ITU-T K.80 (2009), EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (1 GHz-6 GHz). IEC CISPR 22 IEC CISPR 22, ed 6.0 (2008), Information technology equipment Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement. 2 Rec. ITU-T K
23、.88 (11/2011) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 next generation network (NGN) b-ITU-T Y.2001: A packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transp
24、ort technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent
25、and ubiquitous provision of services to users. 3.1.2 immunity (to a disturbance) ITU-T K.48: The ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance. 3.1.3 quality of service (QoS) b-ITU-T G.1000: The collective effect of service
26、 performances which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 IP packet delay variation (IPDV): Variations in IP packet transfer delay are important. Streaming applications might use
27、information about the total range of IP delay variation to avoid buffer underflow and overflow. Variations in IP delay will cause TCP retransmission timer thresholds to grow and may also cause packet retransmissions to be delayed or be retransmitted unnecessarily. One or more parameters that capture
28、 the effect of IP packet delay variations on different applications may be useful. It may be appropriate to differentiate the (typically) small packet-to-packet delay variations from the potentially larger discontinuities in delay that can result from a change in the IP routing. 3.2.2 IP packet loss
29、 ratio (IPLR): The ratio of total lost IP packet outcomes to total transmitted IP packets in a population of interest. 3.2.3 IP packet transfer delay (IPTD): IP packet transfer delay is defined for all successful and errored packet outcomes across a basic section or an network service entity (NSE).
30、IPTD is the time, (t2 t1) between the occurrence of two corresponding IP packet reference events, ingress event IPRE1at time t1and egress event IPRE2at time t2, where (t2 t1) and (t2 t1) Tmax. If the packet is fragmented within the NSE, t2is the time of the final corresponding egress event. The end-
31、to-end IP packet transfer delay is the one-way delay between the measurement point at the source host and destination host. 3.2.4 latency (store and forward devices): The time interval starting when the last bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the first bit of the output fr
32、ame is seen on the output port. 3.2.5 latency (bit forwarding devices): The time interval starting when the end of the first bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the start of the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port. 3.2.6 packet/frame loss ratio: Percent
33、age of packet/frames that should have been forwarded by a network device under steady state (constant) load that were not forwarded due to lack of resources. 3.2.7 port: Particular interface of the specified equipment with the external electromagnetic environment. See Figure 1. Rec. ITU-T K.88 (11/2
34、011) 3 K.88(11)_F01Enclosure portAC power portDC power portEarth portAPPARATUS Telecommunication portSignal/control portFigure 1 Ports of the specified equipment 3.2.8 telecommunication port: Point of connection for voice, data and signalling transfers intended to interconnect widely-dispersed syste
35、ms via such means as direct connection to multi-user telecommunication and similar networks. 3.2.9 throughput: The maximum rate at which none of the offered frames are dropped by the device. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AMN Artificia
36、l Mains Network CDN Coupling and Decoupling Network EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference EUT Equipment Under Test IP Internet Protocol IPDV Internet protocol Packet Delay Variation IPLR Internet protocol Packet Loss Ratio IPRE Internet protocol Packet Reference Event IP
37、TD Internet protocol Packet Transfer Delay ISN Impedance Stabilization Networks NGN Next Generation Network NSE Network Service Entity QoS Quality of Service TCP Transmission Control Protocol VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol VTC Video Transcoder Channel 5 Test methods and limits Both emission and i
38、mmunity should be tested in accordance with ITU-T K.48 or the appropriate basic standards. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirement for the equipment in the range of 1 to 6 GHz should be tested in accordance with ITU-T K.80. EMC requirements for the equipment in the range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz
39、are covered by ITU-T K.76. 5.1 Emission The general requirements for test methods and limits apply, according to IEC CISPR 22. Tables A.3 and A.4 in ITU-T K.48 are recommended for equipment in telecommunication centres and outdoor locations. ITU-T K.38 should be applied to large equipment tests. ITU
40、-T K.80 should be applied to radiated emission from the equipment above 1 GHz. 4 Rec. ITU-T K.88 (11/2011) ITU-T K.76 should be applied to conducted emission from the equipment in the range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz. Conduction emission measurement at power input and/or output should be made using the art
41、ificial mains network (AMN) at each port. Conduction emission from telecommunication ports should be made using the impedance stabilization networks (ISN), if available, as detailed in document IEC CISPR 22. 5.2 Immunity The immunity test requirements for NGN equipment are given on a port-by-port ba
42、sis. For immunity testing, the general test methods and test levels in ITU-T K.43 apply. Test levels for NGN are in accordance with Tables A.1 and A.2 in ITU-T K.48. Test levels for specific installation should be selected based on the electromagnetic environment referred to in ITU-T K.34. Radiated
43、immunity between 2 GHz and 6 GHz should be performed in accordance with ITU-T K.80. Conducted immunity between 9 kHz and 150 kHz should be performed in accordance with ITU-T K.76. The conducted immunity test shall be applied to one port at a time. Conducted immunity testing shall be performed on pow
44、er input and output ports, and on signal ports. During immunity testing using continuous phenomena, some selected discrete frequencies, such as internal clock, bus signal frequencies, etc., shall be investigated in addition to the sweep. If a mesh bonding network or mesh isolated bonding network acc
45、ording to ITU-T K.27 is used throughout the installation, only ports connected to intersystem cables are to be tested. The manufacturer remains responsible for ensuring that no degradation in system immunity results from internal cabling (where the manufacturer controls both ends); this internal cab
46、ling is not subjected to the immunity test. If requested, it is allowed to test equipment with the primary protection installed. The test condition should be added in the test report. If the specified maximum length of the connected line is less than 3 m, no conducted immunity test is necessary. For
47、 surge tests on indoor signal lines, no test is necessary if the specified maximum length is less than 10 m. One signal port of each type found on the equipment shall be tested. If, in normal installation practice, multiple pair cables (e.g., 64 balanced pairs) and/or composite cables (e.g., a combi
48、nation of fibre and copper) are used, they are to be tested as one single cable. Cables bundled for aesthetic or routing purposes are to be tested individually. For multiple pair cables where a multiple pair coupling and decoupling network (CDN) does not exist, the test shall be applied to a single
49、pair using an appropriate CDN; the remaining pairs should be considered to have been tested indirectly. During the surge test, the equipment under test (EUT) and all ports (other than the one connected to the surge generator) shall comply with the given compliance criteria. After the surge has been applied, the generator shall be disconnected from the port and the port checked against the compliance criteria. The compliance criteria shall contain functional aspects. For screened cable, surges are appli
