1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1002 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2016) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE
2、PLANT External universal power adapter solutions for portable information and communication technology devices Recommendation ITU-T L.1002 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER EL
3、EMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.29
4、9 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, pleas
5、e refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1002 External universal power adapter solutions for portable information and communication technology devices Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1002 defines the requirements, and provides guidelines on th
6、e environmental aspects, of universal power adapter solutions (UPA) designed for use with portable information and communication technology (ICT) devices. It is complementary to Recommendations ITU-T L.1000 and ITU-T L.1001 and aims to cover the widest possible range of ICT devices for portable use
7、within identified voltage and power ranges. It firstly describes basic configurations of UPAs, consisting of a power adapter block with a detachable input cable and a detachable output cable to the ICT device. Then, it defines different general recommendations for UPAs and their interfaces, includin
8、g cables, connectors, voltage, current, ripple noise, energy efficiency, no-load power, safety, electromagnetic compatibility, resistibility and eco-environmental specifications. All the recommendations have been set with the aim to reduce e-waste and increase usability. History Edition Recommendati
9、on Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L.1002 2016-10-14 5 11.1002/1000/12131 Keywords Ecodesign, energy efficiency, power adapter, power supply. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique
10、ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunicati
11、on Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (W
12、TSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall
13、 within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Rec
14、ommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language s
15、uch as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recomme
16、ndation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of appro
17、val of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB p
18、atent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 3 3.1 T
19、erms defined elsewhere 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 3 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Universal power adapter solutions 4 6.1 Basic configuration . 5 6.2 ICT devices usage with UPAs 6 6.3 Compatibility with powered ICT equipment 7 7 General requirements 8 7.1 Power a
20、dapter interface 8 7.2 Energy efficiency requirements 11 7.3 Safety and environmental requirements . 12 7.4 EMC requirements 12 7.5 Resistibility requirements . 12 7.6 Eco-environmental specification 13 7.7 Other requirements . 13 Annex A DC output characteristics 14 Appendix I Trends and solutions
21、to reduce the UPA category and adapt to DC voltage interfaces for renewable energy and batteries 16 Appendix II Efficiency trends in some regions 18 II.1 Europe . 18 II.2 China . 19 Appendix III Possible evolution of DC connectors 21 Appendix IV Areas for further development 22 Bibliography. 23 iv R
22、ec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) Introduction This Recommendation1 defines the requirements, and provides guidelines on the environmental aspects, of universal power adapter solutions (UPA) designed for use with portable information and communication technology (ICT) devices. It also takes into considerat
23、ion energy efficiency, emissions reduction and the use of scarce and raw materials. Power supplies are a contributory factor to the increasing electricity consumption of households in Europe b-CLASP. The impact assessment for the ecodesign regulation on external power supplies calculated an increase
24、 in energy consumption from about 7.3 TWh in 2010 to about 7.5 TWh in 2020 (business as usual scenario). According to b-EPS CoC savings are expected to be 1.04 TWh in 2020. Only a part of these external power supplies (EPSs) would be UPAs used with portable ICT devices. Considering b-IEA on standby
25、mode consumption, given the average of 0.3 W to 0.5 W in no-load consumption of EPS, with a new value of 0.1 W savings would be in the order of some TWh/year/billion for portable UPAs following the requirement of this Recommendation. The best approach for UPAs is to achieve several objectives: conve
26、nience for consumers to power their portable ICT devices from any available UPA or from other common interfaces through a detachable cable; while ensuring consumer safety, device protection and system reliability. The direct current (DC) detachable cable has the same replacement possibility as for t
27、he alternating current (AC) detachable cable reducing a lot of e-waste as the common failure mode is the same, and the rupture of the wire at the output of the adapter case, due to frequent cable rolling. Detachable cable solutions can enable the sharing of power adapters among the existing and futu
28、re ICT portable devices where such a solution is adopted. This will enable a market opportunity to reduce the number of duplicate portable power adapters. It is noted that the environmental impact of any universal power adapter solution should be considered over its entire life cycle and that the tr
29、ansition towards universal power adapter solutions does not aim to replace the existing adapters immediately, as billions of them are currently in use and billions of external power adapters are being introduced for new devices or to replace old ones. Any universal power adapter solution is expected
30、 to be time limited as continual development provides a more efficient solution to meet the requirements for future innovative products. Solutions focused on common charging interoperability can avoid longevity limitations associated with universal power adapter solutions. (see the section on IEC 63
31、002 in Appendix I). This Recommendation focuses on universal power adapter solutions that operate within identified current and voltage ranges of common mobile product categories in market. It should be noted that lifetime, safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and environmental issues have be
32、en considered in the drafting of this Recommendation. Appendix IV identifies future work that is needed to address arbitrary combinations. 1 The United States of America requested that the following be appended to this Recommendation: NOTE 1 This Recommendation is intended to not conflict with or su
33、persede existing regulatory requirements and international/regional/national standards. NOTE 2 Hold-up time is not a requirement needed for UPAs for mobile devices which have internal battery systems. CISPR 22 Class B compliance is inherently met when a battery is installed. NOTE 3 For lifetime requ
34、irements, further studies on the test conditions and test methods are required to analyse the effects of various parameters (e.g., temperature, use). NOTE 4 b-IEC TS 62700 recognizes that UPA-side barrel connectors are not internationally standardized and current and future market trends for detacha
35、ble/captive cables need further consideration. Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) v It is important to propose a low voltage DC interface to directly power ICT devices, especially for emerging countries that show fast mobile and Internet development despite the absence of a reliable AC grid. Considering th
36、e rapid increase of the cost of fossil fuel used in engine generators and the reduction of the cost of renewable energy sources, this kind of energy solution is developing fast and is among the main enablers of ICT deployment in such regions. The use of DC is much more efficient and increases the ov
37、erall reliability as it allows removing the DC/AC inverters and insulated AC/DC adapters. A simple (and low cost) detachable cable could then be sufficient to power ICT devices. In some cases, only a DC/DC converter with very high efficiency would be used to adapt voltage, e.g., 12 V or 24 V to 5 V.
38、 This solution is also considered in developed countries for home DC networks (see appendices I and V of ITU-T L.1001). Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1002 External universal power adapter solutions for portable information and communication technology devices 1 Scope This Reco
39、mmendation defines the requirements, and provides guidelines on the environmental aspects, of universal power adapter solutions (UPA) designed for use with portable information and communication technology ICT (ICT) devices. UPAs covered by this Recommendation are those that are used with the device
40、s with voltage and power levels identified in clause 7.1.1. This Recommendation does not cover UPAs defined in ITU-T L.1000 and ITU-T L.1001. This Recommendation provides requirements and guidelines for energy efficiency and no load power. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to optimize
41、 the use of scarce and raw materials and to enable a long product lifetime to reduce e-waste generation. The considered UPA does not provide any charge control for rechargeable batteries. The load full charging function in the portable device, if present, is not within the scope of this Recommendati
42、on. This Recommendation describes basic configurations and general requirements for UPAs and their interfaces, including cables, connectors, voltage, current, ripple, noise, energy efficiency, safety, electromagnetic compatibility, resistibility and eco-environmental specifications. Market issues as
43、sociated with: counterfeit products or untested combinations of ICT devices and UPAs are not within the scope of this Recommendation. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommen
44、dation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other reference
45、s listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.21 Recommendation ITU-T K.21 (2015), Resistibility of telecommunicat
46、ion equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents. ITU-T K.44 Recommendation ITU-T K.44 (2016), Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents Basic Recommendation. ITU-T K.74 Recommendation ITU-T K.74 (2015), EMC, resistibili
47、ty and safety requirements for home network devices. ITU-T K.85 Recommendation ITU-T K.85 (2011), Requirements for the mitigation of lightning effects on home networks installed in customer premises. ITU-T L.1000 Recommendation ITU-T L.1000 (2011), Universal power adapter and charger solution for mo
48、bile terminals and other handheld ICT devices. ITU-T L.1001 Recommendation ITU-T L.1001 (2012), External universal power adapter solutions for stationary information and communication technology devices. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1002 (10/2016) ITU-T L.1200 Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (2012), Direct current po
49、wer feeding interface up to 400 V at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment. ITU-T L.1410 Recommendations ITU-T L.1410 (2014), Methodology for environmental life cycle assessments of information and communication technology goods, networks and services. EN 50563 CENELEC EN 50563 (2011), External A.C. D.C. and A.C. A.C. power supplies Determination of no-load power and average efficiency of active modes. IEC 60038 IEC 60038 (2009), IEC standard voltages. IEC 60068-2-38 IEC 60068-2-
