1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.110 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2017) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE P
2、LANT Optical fibre cables Cable structure and characteristics Optical fibre cables for direct surface application Recommendation ITU-T L.110 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER
3、ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.
4、299 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, ple
5、ase refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) i Recommendation ITU-T L.110 Optical fibre cables for direct surface application Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.110 describes characteristics, construction and test methods of optical fibre cables for direct surface applicati
6、on. First, in order that an optical fibre demonstrates sufficient performance, characteristics that a cable should have are described. Then, the method of examining whether the cable has the required characteristic is described. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-
7、T L.110 2017-08-13 15 11.1002/1000/13295 Keywords Direct surface application, natural disaster, optical fibre cable, rapid network installation, rural and remote areas. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recomm
8、endations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU
9、 Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardiza
10、tion Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information techn
11、ology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Complian
12、ce with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other oblig
13、atory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation
14、 of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of t
15、he date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to c
16、onsult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Defi
17、nitions 3 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 3 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Concept/image of optical fibre cables for direct surface application . 4 7 Characteristics of the optical fibres and cables . 4 7.1 Optical fibre characteristics 4 7.
18、2 Mechanical characteristics 5 7.3 Environmental conditions . 5 7.4 Installation near high-voltage power lines . 9 8 Cable construction 9 8.1 Fibre coatings . 9 8.2 Cable elements 10 8.3 Sheath . 12 8.4 Armour . 12 8.5 Identification of cable . 13 8.6 Cable sealing 13 9 Test methods . 13 9.1 Test me
19、thods for cable element 13 9.2 Test methods for mechanical characteristics of the cable 14 9.3 Test methods for environmental characteristics . 15 Appendix I Example cable for DSA . 17 I.1 Products and experiences of Japan . 17 I.2 Products and experiences in Italy . 18 I.3 Products and experiences
20、in USA 19 Bibliography. 22 Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.110 Optical fibre cables for direct surface application 1 Scope This Recommendation describes an optical fibre cable for direct surface application, which has a simple protection structure and easy operability needed for
21、some applications, particularly when it is difficult to prepare conventional installation infrastructures, such as duct, pipe and pole. This Recommendation provides requirements for optical, mechanical and structural characteristics, and test methods for optical fibre cables for direct surface appli
22、cation. Optical fibre cables for direct surface application enable the rapid and/or temporary construction of an optical network. Potential applications include, but are not limited to, network recovery against natural disaster or rapid network installation into rural or remote areas with insufficie
23、nt infrastructures. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references ar
24、e subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a doc
25、ument within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.650.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 (2010), Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.
26、2 (2007), Definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.650.3 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.3 (2008), Test methods for installed single-mode optical fibre cable links. ITU-T G.651.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.651.1 (2007), Characteris
27、tics of a 50/125 m multimode graded index optical fibre cable for the optical access network. ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2016), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2010), Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode op
28、tical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2016), Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.656 Recommendat
29、ion ITU-T G.656 (2010), Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband optical transport. ITU-T G.657 Recommendation ITU-T G.657 (2016), Characteristics of a bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T K.29 Recommendation ITU-T K.29 (1992), Coordin
30、ated protection schemes for telecommunication cables below ground. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) ITU-T K.47 Recommendation ITU-T K.47 (2012), Protection of telecommunication lines against direct lightning flashes. ITU-T L.100 Recommendation ITU-T L.100/L.10 (2015), Optical fibre cables for duct and t
31、unnel application. ITU-T L.101 Recommendation ITU-T L.101/L.43 (2015), Optical fibre cables for buried application. ITU-T L.102 Recommendation ITU-T L.102/L.26 (2015), Optical fibre cables for aerial application. ITU-T L.126 Recommendation ITU-T L.126/L.27 (1996), Method for estimating the concentra
32、tion of hydrogen in optical fibre cables. ITU-T L.161 Recommendation ITU-T L.161/L.46 (2000), Protection of telecommunication cables and plant from biological attack. ITU-T L.430 Recommendation ITU-T L.430/L.28 (2002) External additional protection for marinized terrestrial cables. ITU-T L.1700 Reco
33、mmendation ITU-T L.1700 (2016), Requirement and framework for low-cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries. IEC 60793-1-1 IEC 60793-1-1 (2017), Optical fibres Part 1-1: Measurement methods and test procedures General guidance. IEC 60793-1-21
34、 IEC 60793-1-21 (2001), Optical fibres Part 1-21: Measurement methods and test procedures Coating geometry. IEC 60793-1-22 IEC 60793-1-22 (2001), Optical fibres Part 1-22: Measurement methods and test procedures Length measurement. IEC 60793-1-30 IEC 60793-1-30 (2010), Optical fibres Part 1-30: Meas
35、urement methods and test procedures Fibre proof test. IEC 60793-1-32 IEC 60793-1-32 (2010), Optical fibres Part 1-32: Measurement methods and test procedures Coating strippability. IEC 60793-2-10 IEC 60793-2-10 (2017), Optical fibres Part 2-10: Product specifications Sectional specification for cate
36、gory A1 multimode fibres. IEC 60793-2-50 IEC 60793-2-50 (2015), Optical fibres Part 2-50: Product specifications Sectional specification for class B single-mode fibres. IEC 60794-1-1 IEC 60794-1-1 (2015), Optical fibre cables Part 1-1: Generic specification General. IEC 60794-1-2 IEC 60794-1-2 (2017
37、), Optical fibre cables Part 1-2: Generic specification Basic optical cable test procedures General guidance. IEC 60794-1-21 IEC 60794-1-21 (2015), Optical fibre cables Part 1-21: Generic specification Basic optical cable test procedures Mechanical tests methods. IEC 60794-1-22 IEC 60794-1-22 (2017)
38、, Optical fibre cables Part 1-22: Generic specification Basic optical cable test procedures Environmental test methods. IEC 60794-1-23 IEC 60794-1-23 (2012), Optical fibre cables Part 1-23: Generic specification Basic optical cable test procedures -Cable element test methods. Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/20
39、17) 3 IEC 60794-3 IEC 60794-3 (2014), Optical fibre cables Part 3: Outdoor cables Sectional specification. IEC 60794-3-10 IEC 60794-3-10 (2015), Optical fibre cables Part 3-10: Outdoor cables Family specification for duct, directly buried and lashed aerial optical telecommunication cables. IEC 60794
40、-3-30 IEC 60794-3-30 (2008), Optical fibre cables Part 3-30: Outdoor cables Family specification for optical telecommunication cables for lakes, river crossings and coastal application. IEC 60794-4 IEC 60794-4 (2003), Optical fibre cables Part 4: Sectional specification Aerial optical cables along e
41、lectrical power lines. IEC 60811-202 IEC 60811-202 (2012), Electric and optical fibre cables Test methods for non-metallic materials Part 202: General tests Measurement of thickness of non-metallic sheath. IEC 60811-203 IEC 60811-203 (2012), Electric and optical fibre cables Test methods for non-met
42、allic materials Part 203: General tests Measurement of overall dimensions. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere For the purpose of this Recommendation, the definitions given in ITU-T G.650.1, ITU-T G.650.2, ITU-T G.650.3, ITU-T G.651.1 and ITU-T L.102 apply. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommenda
43、tion This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 direct surface application: Cable deployment directly on the ground. 3.2.2 maximum allowable tension: The maximum tensile load that may be applied to the cable without detriment to the tensile performance requirement (optical performance, f
44、ibre strain). 3.2.3 rated tensile strength: Summation of the product of nominal cross-sectional area, minimum tensile strength and stranding factor for each load-bearing material in the cable construction. 3.2.4 strain margin: The amount of strain the cable can sustain without strain on the fibres d
45、ue to cable elongation. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: DA Double wire Armouring DSA Direct Surface Application RA Rocky Armour SA Single wire Armouring SZ Reverse oscillating stranding WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Acc
46、ess 4 Rec. ITU-T L.110 (08/2017) 5 Conventions None. 6 Concept/image of optical fibre cables for direct surface application ITU-T L.1700 identifies affordability with best-effort reliability as the priority requirements for rural and remote area communication networks in developing countries. Sustai
47、nability requires environmental consciousness and reliability/recoverability. A cable is installed directly on the surface of the ground when it is difficult to prepare conventional infrastructures, such as trench, duct, pipe or pole installations. The cable should be designed for easy handling and
48、should be robust enough to be installed using affordable installation techniques. If such a cable requires manual installation including shallow burying, submerging or short-length aerial wiring, installation should be by using simple tools such as handy picks, with no heavy machinery. Since a lengt
49、h of cable exposed on the ground surface could later be covered by the soil, sand, snow or flood water, and may exceptionally need to be suspended in the air to cross a river, valley or road, it should withstand shallow burying, submerging, or short-length aerial wiring. The cable must, therefore, be robust against disturbances such as crush, biotic attacks, floods, high/low temperatures, st
