1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1350 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2016) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE
2、PLANT Energy efficiency metrics of a base station site Recommendation ITU-T L.1350 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable struc
3、ture and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.299 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintena
4、nce L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T
5、 L.1350 (10/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1350 Energy efficiency metrics of a base station site Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1350 contains basic definitions of energy efficiency metrics, to evaluate the energy efficiency of a base station site including the energy consumption for: the telecom equ
6、ipment inside the base station site e.g., backhaul and base station equipment; the entire infrastructure, including cooling systems, monitoring systems (for power consumption, equipment running status, environment parameters, etc.), fire protection and lighting systems for all the sites; energy loss
7、es due to AC/DC rectifiers, generator and cable losses. The following energy factors will be considered for the evaluation: electric energy from a public grid; electric energy generated by generators such as diesel generators for emergency or normal operation purposes; renewable energy. Measurement
8、methodologies for the parameters considered in the metrics proposed are contained in other ITU-T Recommendations of the same series. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L.1350 2016-10-07 5 11.1002/1000/12883 Keywords Energy efficiency, metric, radio site faciliti
9、es. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (10/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
10、 is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issui
11、ng Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topi
12、cs. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression
13、“Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability)
14、and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recomme
15、ndation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of cl
16、aimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Reco
17、mmendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever
18、, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (10/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Base station site definition
19、3 7 Energy efficiency metrics for base station sites . 4 7.1 Base station site energy efficiency assessment 5 7.2 Use of the metric 6 8 Data collection basic requirement 6 8.1 Test instrument requirements . 6 8.2 Observation period . 7 8.3 Measurement of energy consumption 7 Bibliography. 8 Rec. ITU
20、-T L.1350 (10/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1350 Energy efficiency metrics of a base station site 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies principles and concepts of energy efficiency metrics used to evaluate the energy efficiency of a base station site considering the energy consumption for: the tele
21、com equipment inside the base station site e.g., backhaul and base station equipment; the entire infrastructure, including cooling systems, monitoring systems (for power consumption, equipment running status, environment parameters, etc.), fire protection and lighting systems for all the sites; ener
22、gy losses due to AC/DC rectifiers, generators and cable losses. This Recommendation shall not be used to evaluate the energy efficiency of equipment that are covered by other Recommendations such as ITU-T L.1310 and ITU-T L.1320. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references
23、contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigat
24、e the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status o
25、f a Recommendation. ITU-T L.1310 Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 (2014), Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for telecommunication equipment. ITU-T L.1320 Recommendation ITU-T L.1320 (2014), Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and cooling equipment for telecommunications an
26、d data centres. ITU-T L.1330 Recommendation ITU-T L.1330 (2015), Energy efficiency measurement and metrics for telecommunication networks. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 active energy b-IEC 60050-131: Integral of the in
27、stantaneous power p over a time interval t1, t2 tpW t d 2t1 Note that the coherent international system (SI) unit of active energy is the joule (J). Another unit is the Watt hour (Wh). The kilowatt-hour (kWh) is commonly used for billing consumers of electric energy and is therefore indicated on ele
28、ctric energy meters. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (10/2016) 3.1.2 backhaul equipment ITU-T L.1330: Equipment used to connect base stations (BSs) to the core network, or to other BSs (such as X2 in LTE). 3.1.3 base station (BS) ITU-T L.1330: A generic term used for a network component which serves one or more
29、 cells and interfaces the user terminal (through air interface) and a radio access network infrastructure. 3.1.4 energy ITU-T L.1330: Capacity for doing work; having several forms that may be transformed from one to another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical or chemical, expresse
30、d in Joules. For the purpose of this Recommendation, energy will be expressed in Watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh). 3.1.5 mobile network operator (MNO) ITU-T L.1330: An operator that manages one or more mobile networks. 3.1.6 power ITU-T L.1330: The rate at which energy is transmitted. Power i
31、s measured in units of Watts. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 energy efficiency (EE): The relation between the useful output and energy consumption. 3.2.2 infrastructure (facility): Equipment that supports the ICT equipment functionalit
32、y providing energy, cooling and site ancillary activity, e.g., power delivery components and cooling system components. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: BS Base Station EE Energy Efficiency GSM Global System for Mobile communication ICT
33、Information and Communications Technology KPI Key Performance Indicator LTE Long Term Evolution MNO Mobile Network Operator PUE Power Usage Effectiveness SEE Site Energy Efficiency UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 5 Conventions This Recommendation uses the following conventions: ECT B
34、ase station telecommunications equipment energy consumption EFE Electrical energy locally generated EGE Electrical energy from a public grid ETS Total site electrical energy consumption Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (10/2016) 3 6 Base station site definition The base station (BS) site is the mobile network phys
35、ical site used to guarantee the coverage of a certain area providing the user accessibility to a radio mobile service. The base station site can be classified in different ways depending on the location: urban or rural and on the technologies present in the site: global system for mobile communicati
36、on (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), etc. A shared site is considered only as a single entity without allocating energy consumption to each operator/service present at the site. The base station site under investigation shall include all the equipment necessary for the full f
37、unctionality of a radio site. Figure 1 Elements of a base station site example Figure 1 shows an example of the equipment present in a base station site and includes telecom equipment and site facility equipment such as rectifiers, power backup, air conditioning and other site housekeeping equipment
38、. The radio base station site as described above includes no local electricity generation. In some cases telecom sites may include local electricity generation: Electrical energy generated at the site by diesel or other types of generators. Locally produced electricity from renewable sources (solar,
39、 wind, etc.). In order to operate the site, electricity has to be provided. The energy needed to operate a telecom site is typically provided in the form of electricity by a utility organization. A site can also be equipped with own electricity generation as shown in Figure 2. 4 Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (1
40、0/2016) Figure 2 Electricity generation for a telecom site The base station site typically includes: base station equipment, backhaul equipment, cooling equipment such as air conditioning units, a rectifier system and renewable energy solutions such as solar, wind energy systems, etc. The metrics de
41、veloped in this Recommendation consider a base station site that normally includes the following types of equipment: Telecommunication equipment. Site equipment (e.g., air conditioners, rectifiers, batteries, safety and monitoring equipment). This equipment can exist as separate items of equipment o
42、r can be integrated into one or more physical units depending on the solution and base station site type, e.g., an indoor or an outdoor site. Power and energy efficiency metrics and measurements for individual site elements of base stations are described in several ITU-T Recommendations, such as ITU
43、-T L.1310 for radio base stations and ITU-T L.1320 for power and cooling equipment. This Recommendation instead describes metrics for base station site energy efficiency in operational states. 7 Energy efficiency metrics for base station sites Energy efficiency has become an important issue for base
44、 station sites, where specific performance metrics, requirements and technologies to improve energy efficiency must be taken into consideration. For site infrastructure, a simple metric used to verify the efficiency of base station site facilities is considered sufficient and has the advantage of be
45、ing relatively simple to calculate as well as allowing remote measurements to be carried out. Renewable energy usage is considered an important factor to reduce the effect of climate change. Consumption of more energy from renewable sources including local or dedicated grid power and the use of fuel
46、s with lower carbon contents are ways to reduce carbon emissions. Electricity from renewable energy sources shall be included in the total energy consumption on site. The site energy efficiency (SEE) metric described in this Recommendation helps mobile network operators (MNOs) to assess important su
47、stainability aspects on cell sites as well as helping them to compare results and determine opportunities to increase energy efficiency or reduce power consumption. Rec. ITU-T L.1350 (10/2016) 5 The total energy consumption of the base station site will include the grid electricity as well as local
48、energy sources such as diesel generators or solar systems. 7.1 Base station site energy efficiency assessment Clause 7.1.1 defines the metric proposed for a base station site energy efficiency assessment. Figure 3 shows a base station site diagram illustrating the energy measurement points considere
49、d in this Recommendation. Figure 3 An example of a radio base station site with energy flow and measurement points Figure 3 does not take into account the fact that the power system is always a separate entity with respect to the telecom equipment, nor does it take into account the following configurations: the AC/DC conversion may be integrated into the telecom part and the air cooling unit may be not present, e.g., for a pole mounted base station site. The battery may be present if power backup
