1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T M.2301TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2002) SERIES M: TMN AND NETWORK MAINTENANCE: INTERNATIONAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS, TELEPHONE CIRCUITS, TELEGRAPHY, FACSIMILE AND LEASED CIRCUITS International transport network Performance objectives
2、 and procedures for provisioning and maintenance of IP-based networks ITU-T Recommendation M.2301 ITU-T M-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TMN AND NETWORK MAINTENANCE: INTERNATIONAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS, TELEPHONE CIRCUITS, TELEGRAPHY, FACSIMILE AND LEASED CIRCUITS Introduction and general principles of maint
3、enance and maintenance organization M.10M.299 International transmission systems M.300M.559 International telephone circuits M.560M.759 Common channel signalling systems M.760M.799 International telegraph systems and phototelegraph transmission M.800M.899 International leased group and supergroup li
4、nks M.900M.999 International leased circuits M.1000M.1099 Mobile telecommunication systems and services M.1100M.1199 International public telephone network M.1200M.1299 International data transmission systems M.1300M.1399 Designations and information exchange M.1400M.1999 International transport net
5、work M.2000M.2999 Telecommunications management network M.3000M.3599 Integrated services digital networks M.3600M.3999 Common channel signalling systems M.4000M.4999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) i ITU-T Recommendation M.2301 Perf
6、ormance objectives and procedures for provisioning and maintenance of IP-based networks Summary This Recommendation provides performance objectives and procedures for provisioning and maintenance of IP-based networks. It focuses attention on parameters that significantly affect the quality of servic
7、e perceived by the customer, and the methods of measuring those parameters. These include those parameters that affect delay performance at the application layer. Performance limits for temporary dial-up access links, end-customer owned portions and MPLS networks are not covered by this Recommendati
8、on and are for further study. However, the performance of fixed access links, whose routing does not change, is covered. Source ITU-T Recommendation M.2301 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 4 (2001-2004) and approved under the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 14 July 2002. Keywords Autonomous system,
9、Border gateway protocol, Border gateway router, Bringing-into-service procedure, Intrusive measurements, IP operator domain, Maintenance procedure, Management information base, MIB monitoring, Non-intrusive measurements, Operator border gateway router, Performance objectives, Provisioning, Quality o
10、f service, Reference network. ii ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsibl
11、e for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T
12、study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative ba
13、sis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of
14、 this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the
15、date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to cons
16、ult the TSB patent database. ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Refe
17、rence network and procedures. 4 5.1 Definitions of availability. 5 5.2 Virtual private networks. 5 5.3 Bringing-into-service procedure. 5 5.4 Maintenance procedure 6 6 Measurement methods 6 6.1 Intrusive performance measurement (using test packets) 6 6.2 Non-intrusive performance measurement (using
18、MIB monitoring). 7 7 Intrusive performance measurement. 7 7.1 One-way IP Packet Transfer Delay (IPTD) 7 7.2 One-way IP Packet Delay Variation (IPDV) 8 7.3 IP Packet Loss Ratio (IPLR) 8 7.4 IP Packet Error Ratio (IPER) . 8 8 Non-intrusive performance measurement using MIB monitoring 8 8.1 IP performa
19、nce events 9 8.1.1 Total IP packets received 9 8.1.2 Total IP packets transmitted . 10 8.1.3 IP Packet Error Ratio (IPER) . 10 8.1.4 IP Packet Loss Ratio (IPLR) 11 8.1.5 IP Packet Discard Ratio (IPDR). 11 9 Performance objectives for IP networks. 11 9.1 End-to-end IP flow . 12 9.2 IP flow across a s
20、ingle IPOD 12 9.3 Single link between two adjacent IPODs . 13 9.4 Access Links. 14 9.5 Calculation of route distance 15 Annex A Procedures for reading router MIB registers. 16 Appendix I Performance within an IPOD. 17 I.1 Single link between two adjacent routers. 17 iv ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) In
21、troduction This Recommendation provides performance objectives and procedures for provisioning and maintenance of IP-based networks owned by different operators. This is regardless of the transport technology supporting the IP network and the higher layers to be implemented over IP. These objectives
22、 include error performance, delay performance and availability. This Recommendation defines the parameters and their associated objectives based on the principles in ITU-T Rec. Y.1540. This Recommendation uses a reference model based on the concept of IP Operator Domains (IPODs) and their interconne
23、cting links. An IPOD consists of one or more Autonomous Systems (ASs) and their interconnecting links. The interconnecting links between IPODs involve a change in jurisdictional responsibility. This Recommendation also provides, in an appendix, guidance on the performance objectives and limits for I
24、P network resources (e.g. routers, subnetworks etc.), which are owned and managed by a single operator. However, the allocation of performance inside an IP network operators domain or network portion, is the responsibility of each operator to ensure the end-to-end performance over their domain or ne
25、twork portion meets the limits given in this Recommendation. ITU-T Rec. Y.1540 provides a general framework for applying these limits. Guidance on the methods and procedures for applying these limits in provisioning and maintenance are given in this Recommendation. This Recommendation uses certain p
26、rinciples that are the basis of the maintenance of a digital network: it is desirable to do in-service, continuous measurements. In some cases, out-of-service measurements may be necessary; performance limits of IP flows are independent of the supporting transport, but the allocation to network sect
27、ions may be dependent on the transport medium used. ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) 1 ITU-T Recommendation M.2301 Performance objectives and procedures for provisioning and maintenance of IP-based networks 1 Scope This Recommendation provides performance objectives and procedures for provisioning and ma
28、intenance of IP-based networks owned by different operators. This is regardless of the transport technology supporting the IP network and the higher layers to be implemented over IP. These objectives include error performance, delay performance and availability. This Recommendation also provides gui
29、dance, in an appendix, on the performance objectives and limits for IP network resources (e.g. routers, subnetworks etc.), which are owned and managed by a single operator. Performance limits for temporary dial-up access links, end-customer owned portions and MPLS networks are not covered by this Re
30、commendation and are for further study. However, the performance of fixed access links, whose routing does not change, is covered. This Recommendation provides the network QoS classes needed to support user-oriented QoS categories. Accordingly, this Recommendation is consistent with the general fram
31、ework for defining quality of communication services in ITU-T Rec. G.1000 1, and with the end-user multimedia QoS categories needed to support user applications given in ITU-T Rec. G.1010 2. NOTE This Recommendation uses parameters defined in ITU-T Rec. Y.1540 4 that can be used to characterise IP n
32、etwork performance provided using IPv4. Applicability or extension to other protocols (e.g. IPv6) is for further study. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the
33、 time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below
34、. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. 1 ITU-T Recommendation G.1000 (2001), Communications Quality of Service: A Framework and D
35、efinitions. 2 ITU-T Recommendation G.1010 (2001), End-user multimedia QoS categories. 3 ITU-T Recommendation M.60 (1993), Maintenance terminology and definitions. 4 ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540 (1999), Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parame
36、ters. 5 ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 (2002), Network performance objectives of IP-based services. 6 IETF RFC 1213 (1991), Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IPbased internets: MIB-II. 7 IETF RFC 1267 (1991), A Border Gateway Protocol 3 (BGP-3). 8 IETF RFC 2011 (1996), SNMPv2 Ma
37、nagement Information Base for the Internet Protocol using SMIv2. 9 IETF RFC 2012 (1996), SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol using SMIv2. 2 ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) 10 IETF RFC 2013 (1996), SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol usin
38、g SMIv2. 3 Terms and definitions General terms and definitions related to maintenance are provided in ITU-T Rec. M.60 3 and for IP performance are given in ITU-T Rec. Y.1540 4. This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 Access Gateway (AG): The IP network equipment that provides access to
39、the AS and terminates the access protocol from the user. 3.2 Autonomous System (AS): An IP network controlled and managed by a single authority and identified by a specific AS number in the whole Internet. An IP network operator may own and manage one or more ASs. 3.3 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP):
40、The Inter-Autonomous System routing protocol defined in RFC 1267 7 that allows an AS to exchange routing information with other ASs. 3.4 Border Gateway Router (BGR): A router, belonging to an AS, that exchanges network reachability information with the neighboured ASs. 3.5 connectivity: The ability
41、of an AS to provide a number of routes to its customers traffic. An AS achieves whole Internet connectivity from its interconnection with other ASs. 3.6 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): Any network equipment sited on the customers premises used to connect with an AS. This may include simple modems
42、 e.g. DSL, multiplexers, routers, switches or complete customer local area networks. 3.7 IP Operator Domain (IPOD): Any connected subset of ASs together with all the links that interconnect them, which are under a single jurisdiction. The term IPOD can be used to refer to a single AS or any number o
43、f ASs and their interconnecting links. It can also be used to represent an entire single operator IP network and is defined between two OBGRs. 3.8 Management Information Base (MIB): The database in a network element that contains configuration, event and performance data that is accessible by a mana
44、gement system. 3.9 Measurement Point (MP): The physical or logical point at which measurements can be made and to which the data obtained is related. In the context of this Recommendation, this is typically at an OBGR. 3.10 Network Interface (NI): The interface between the access network and the cus
45、tomer installation. 3.11 Operator Border Gateway Router (OBGR): A router, belonging to an IPOD, that exchanges network reachability information with the neighboured IPOD. It is situated at the edge of an IPOD. 3.12 provisioning: The installation, assignment and commissioning (including bringing-into
46、-service testing) of network resources. 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: AG Access Gateway AL Access Line AS Autonomous System BGP Border Gateway Protocol ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) 3 BGR Border Gateway Router CPE Customer Premises Equipment DSL Digital Subscrib
47、er Line EGP Edge Gateway Protocol GbE Gigabit Ethernet ICMP Internet Control Management Protocol IP Internet Protocol IPDR IP Packet Discard Rate IPDV IP Packet Delay Variation IPER IP Packet Error Ratio IPLR IP Packet Loss Ratio IPOD IP Operator Domain IPTD IP Packet Transfer Delay MIB Management I
48、nformation Base MP Measurement Point MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching NI Network Interface OBGR Operator Border Gateway Router OC Optical Channel PO Performance Objective QoS Quality of Service R Router RFC Request For Comment SNMP Simple Network Management Proto
49、col STM Synchronous Transport Module STS Synchronous Transport Signal TCP Transmission Control Protocol TMN Telecommunication Management Network VPN Virtual Private Network 4 ITU-T Rec. M.2301 (07/2002) 5 Reference network and procedures Figure 1 shows a typical flow of an IP customers traffic, through an IP network across a number of IPODs to the distant end. M.2301_F01AG OBGR OBGR OBGR AGOBGRIP NetworkCPE CPEIPOD 1 IPOD nIPOD 2End-to-end networkUser-to-user connectionNI NICustomerinstallationAccessnetworkAccessnetworkFigure 1
