1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T P.1203.1 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (12/2016) SERIES P: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION QUALITY, TELEPHONE INSTALLATIONS, LOCAL LINE NETWORKS Models and tools for quality assessment of streamed media Parametric
2、bitstream-based quality assessment of progressive download and adaptive audiovisual streaming services over reliable transport Video quality estimation module Recommendation ITU-T P.1203.1 ITU-T P-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION QUALITY, TELEPHONE INSTALLATIONS, LOCAL LINE NETWORKS Voc
3、abulary and effects of transmission parameters on customer opinion of transmission quality Series P.10 Voice terminal characteristics Series P.30 P.300 Reference systems Series P.40 Objective measuring apparatus Series P.50 P.500 Objective electro-acoustical measurements Series P.60 Measurements rel
4、ated to speech loudness Series P.70 Methods for objective and subjective assessment of speech quality Series P.80 Methods for objective and subjective assessment of speech and video quality Series P.800 Audiovisual quality in multimedia services Series P.900 Transmission performance and QoS aspects
5、of IP end-points Series P.1000 Communications involving vehicles Series P.1100 Models and tools for quality assessment of streamed media Series P.1200 Telemeeting assessment Series P.1300 Statistical analysis, evaluation and reporting guidelines of quality measurements Series P.1400 Methods for obje
6、ctive and subjective assessment of quality of services other than speech and video Series P.1500 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T P.1203.1 Parametric bitstream-based quality assessment of progressive download
7、 and adaptive audiovisual streaming services over reliable transport Video quality estimation module Summary Recommendation ITU-T P.1203.1 specifies the short-term video representation quality estimation modules for ITU-T P.1203 (Pv module). The ITU-T P.1203 series of Recommendations specifies modul
8、es for a set of model algorithms for monitoring the integral media session quality for transport control protocol (TCP) type video streaming. The models comprise modules for short-term video-quality (described in this part of the Recommendation family) and audio-quality estimation. The per-one-secon
9、d outputs of these short-term modules are integrated into estimates of audio-visual quality and together with information about initial loading delay and media playout stalling events, they are further integrated into the final model output, to provide the estimate of integral quality. The respectiv
10、e ITU-T work item has formerly been referred to as the parametric non-intrusive assessment of TCP-based multimedia streaming quality, or P.NATS. The ITU-T P.1203.1 part of ITU-T P.1203 provides details for the modules for bitstream-based, short-term video quality estimation. Four different modes can
11、 be used for the Pv module specified in this Recommendation. These modes, referred to as mode 0 to 3, use input information of differing complexity and amount and represent four model algorithms each with a different level of complexity. The Pv modules comprise components reflecting the effects due
12、to video compression, up-scaling of content and the effect due to low frame rates. The four different modes use the same overall model architecture and individual coefficients and all have the same components for up-scaling and framerate. The only Pv module component that differs between modes is th
13、e Pv module component related to video compression. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T P.1203.1 2016-12-22 12 11.1002/1000/13159 Keywords Adaptive streaming, audio, audiovisual, IPTV, mean opinion score (MOS), mobile TV, mobile video, monitoring, multimedia, pro
14、gressive download, QoE, TV, video. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) FOREWORD The Internatio
15、nal Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operati
16、ng and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, prod
17、uce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In thi
18、s Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., in
19、teroperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest
20、 that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence
21、 validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be re
22、quired to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprod
23、uced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 3 3 Definitions 4 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 4 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 4 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 4 5 Conventions 5
24、6 Pv module in ITU-T P.1203 context . 5 6.1 Pv module modes . 5 7 Model input . 6 7.1 I.13 input specification . 6 8 Model algorithm and output . 7 8.1 Core model . 7 Annex A Mode 0 Pv module: quant description . 10 A.1 Performance analysis 11 Annex B Mode 1 Pv module: Dq description . 12 B.1 quant
25、calculation 12 B.2 Dq calculation for mode 1 13 B.3 Performance analysis 14 Annex C Mode 2 Pv module: quant description . 15 C.1 Consideration on parameter extraction . 15 C.2 quant calculation 17 C.3 Performance analysis 17 Annex D Mode 3 Pv module: quant description . 18 D.1 Performance analysis 1
26、9 Annex E RfromMOS and RfromMOS functions . 20 Annex F Byte-counting algorithm for Mode 2 . 21 Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T P.1203.1 Parametric bitstream-based quality assessment of progressive download and adaptive audiovisual streaming services over reliable transport Video
27、 quality estimation module 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the video module as an integral part of the ITU-T P.1203-series Recommendations. The ITU-T P.1203 Recommendations describe a set of objective parametric quality assessment modules. Combined, these modules can be used to predict the imp
28、act of audio and video media encodings as well as Internet protocol (IP) network impairments on the quality experienced by an end-user of multi-media streaming applications. The addressed streaming techniques comprise progressive download as well as adaptive streaming, for both mobile and fixed netw
29、ork streaming applications over transport control protocol (TCP) or other TCP like protocols which are not affected by transmission errors. The model described is restricted to information provided to it by an appropriate packet- or bitstream-analysis module. The overall ITU-T P.1203 model is applic
30、able for the effects due to audio- and video-coding as well as initial buffering and re-buffering (which are both perceivable as stalling of the media) as the typical degradations associated with progressive download. As final output, the ITU-T P.1203-series models target integral audiovisual media
31、quality scores. This Recommendation describes four different quality modules, one for each mode of ITU-T P.1203, that is, modes 0, 1, 2 and 3. The video quality module predicts mean opinion scores (MOS) on a 5-point ACR scale (see ITU-T P.910) as a per-one-second MOS score. The underlying sliding wi
32、ndow is described in ITU-T P.1203. If used stand-alone, the video module can provide estimates of short-term video quality at per-one-second intervals. This model cannot provide a comprehensive evaluation of video transmission quality as perceived by an individual end user because its scores reflect
33、 the impairments due to video scaling, framerate and coding only. Furthermore, the scores predicted by a parametric model necessarily reflect an average perceptual impairment. Note also that the model was developed and validated for one specific encoder and decoder implementation. If a different enc
34、oder and decoder pair is used in a monitoring situation the scores may not reflect that. Effects such as flicker due to low source bitrate or other, not coding or transmission caused impairments related to the payload are not reflected in the scores computed by this model. Moreover, the scores predi
35、cted by a parametric model (especially in case of no access to payload or pixel information) necessarily reflect a somewhat simplified representation of the perceptual impairment of the considered stream. However, the model still enables estimation of some coding quality related information and thus
36、 valid and in most cases accurate predictions, presuming that it is applied in an appropriate manner, following this Recommendation. Table 1-1 shows application areas, test factors and coding technologies where ITU-T P.1203.1 for adaptive streaming and progressive download has been verified and is k
37、nown to produce reliable results. 2 Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) Table 1-1 Application areas, test factors and coding technologies where ITU-T P.1203.1 for adaptive streaming and progressive download has been verified and is known to produce reliable results Applications for which the model is inte
38、nded In-service monitoring of audiovisual, TCP-based video and audio. Both so called over-the-top (OTT) services (for example YouTube) and operator managed video services (over TCP), using the protocols HTTP/TCP/IP and RTMP/TCP/IP. Note that this model is agnostic to the type of container format (Fl
39、ash (FLV), MP4, WebM and 3GP). Performance and quality assessment of live networks (including codecs) considering the effect due to encoding bitrate Video test factors for which the model has been validated Video content Movie trailers, sports videos, documentaries, freely available HD content, time
40、 lapse videos, etc. Input video length 20 seconds. The video model produces a per-second score considering a 20-second sliding window Bitstream container Elementary stream contained in transport stream (TS) segments Encoder/decoder implementation The model has been trained using the following video
41、encoder/decoder: ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High profile: x264 (ffmpeg) A common framework was developed based on the above codec, all the test data was generated using the common framework. It is assumed that the model can be used for estimating quality when other encoder implementations for the given
42、codec have been used. However, model performance cannot be guaranteed in this case. Slice size 1 slice per video frame Scene-cut detection Off Preset Medium Video resolution/bitrate 240p: 75-150 kbit/s 360p: 220-450 kbit/s 480p: 375-750 kbit/s 720p: 1 050-2 100 kbit/s 1080p: 1 875-12 500 kbit/s Note
43、 that aspect ratio of 16:9 is maintained for all quality levels. Group of pictures (GOP) 1 second length, IBBBP only TS segment length 1-9 seconds NOTE The segment length determines how often the quality can be adapted. Rec. ITU-T P.1203.1 (12/2016) 3 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations
44、 and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore en
45、couraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone
46、document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T G.107 Recommendation ITU-T G.107 (2015), The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission planning. ITU-T H.264 Recommendation ITU-T H.264 (2016), Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T P.800.1 Recommendation ITU-T P.80
47、0.1 (2006), Mean opinion score (MOS) terminology. ITU-T P.910 Recommendation ITU-T P.910 (2008), Subjective video quality assessment methods for multimedia applications. ITU-T P.911 Recommendation ITU-T P.911 (1998), Subjective audiovisual quality assessment methods for multimedia applications. ITU-
48、T P.1201.1 Recommendation ITU-T P.1201.1 (2012), Parametric non-intrusive assessment of audiovisual media streaming quality Lower resolution application area. ITU-T P.1201.2 Recommendation ITU-T P.1201.2 (2012), Parametric non-intrusive assessment of audiovisual media streaming quality Higher resolu
49、tion application area. ITU-T P.1202 Recommendation ITU-T P.1202 (2012), Parametric non-intrusive bitstream assessment of video media streaming quality. ITU-T P.1202.1 Recommendation ITU-T P.1202.1 (2012), Parametric non-intrusive bitstream assessment of video media streaming quality Lower resolution application area. ITU-T P.1203 Recommendation ITU-T P.1203 (2016), Parametric bitstream-based quality assessment of progressive download and adaptive audiovisual streaming services over reliable transport. ITU-T P.1203.2
