1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Series GTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 41(06/2010) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems ITU-T G-series Recommendations Supplement 41
2、ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
3、 SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERI
4、STICS G.600G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.1000G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENE
5、RIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) i Supplement 41 to ITU-T G-series Recommendations Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine ca
6、ble systems Summary Supplement 41 to ITU-T G-series Recommendations describes design considerations for repeatered, repeaterless and optically amplified systems supporting SDH and OTN signals in optical submarine cable systems. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 4
7、1 2005-05-27 15 2.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2007-06-15 15 3.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2010-06-11 15 ii G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies
8、 (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunica
9、tion Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of i
10、nformation technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating age
11、ncy. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other o
12、bligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementati
13、on of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the d
14、ate of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the
15、 TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 3 4 Abbr
16、eviations and acronyms 3 5 Parameters of system elements . 5 5.1 Transmitter parameters . 5 5.2 Submarine cable parameters . 6 5.3 Submarine repeater parameters 9 5.4 Cable joint parameters 12 5.5 Receivers parameters 13 6 Optical network topology . 14 6.1 Point-to-point 14 6.2 Star 14 6.3 Branched
17、star 15 6.4 Trunk and branch 15 6.5 Festoon . 15 6.6 Ring 16 6.7 Branched ring . 16 7 System design considerations . 16 7.1 Optical power budget . 16 7.2 Dispersion considerations . 31 8 Forward error correction . 34 9 Reliability consideration . 34 9.1 Reliability requirement . 34 9.2 Internal faul
18、t . 35 9.3 External fault 38 9.4 Fault localization 38 10 Upgradeability considerations 39 10.1 Upgrade definitions 39 10.2 Standard upgrades 40 10.3 Challenging upgrades . 40 10.4 Conclusion 42 11 Physical layer compatibility . 42 11.1 Single-span longitudinal compatibility . 42 11.2 Single-span bl
19、ack-box transverse compatibility . 43 11.3 Multi-span black-box full transverse compatibility . 43 11.4 Multi-span black-box single-link transverse compatibility 43 iv G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) Page 11.5 Multi-span black-box multiple-link transverse compatibility 44 11.6 Single-span black-lin
20、k transverse compatibility 44 11.7 Multi-span black-link transverse compatibility 45 Bibliography. 46 G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) 1 Supplement 41 to ITU-T G-series Recommendations Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems 1 Scope This supplement describes design considerations
21、 for repeatered, repeaterless and optically amplified systems supporting SDH and OTN signals in optical submarine cable systems. In particular, this supplement focuses on the specific matters relevant to the optical fibre submarine cable systems. This supplement also describes a common way of thinki
22、ng of the requirements for designing the optical fibre submarine cable systems and aims at consolidating and expanding on materials related to several Recommendations, including ITU-T G.971, ITU-T G.972, ITU-T G.973, ITU-T G.973.1, ITU-T G.974, ITU-T G.975, ITU-T G.975.1, ITU-T G.976, ITU-T G.977 an
23、d ITU-T G.978. This supplement should also allow a reader to better understand the specifications in the fibre, components, and system interface Recommendations. This supplement should not prevent technical development relevant to the optical fibre cable systems technologies. 2 References ITU-T G.65
24、0.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 (2004), Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2 (2007), Definitions and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable.
25、 ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2009), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2006), Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2006), Characteristics of a cu
26、t-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.656 Recommendation ITU-T G.656 (2006), Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wid
27、eband optical transport. ITU-T G.661 Recommendation ITU-T G.661 (2007), Definitions and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.663 Recommendation ITU-T G.663 (2000), Application related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems
28、. ITU-T G.671 Recommendation ITU-T G.671 (2009), Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems. ITU-T G.691 Recommendation ITU-T G.691 (2006), Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64 and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.692 Recommendation ITU-T G.692 (1998)
29、, Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.693 Recommendation ITU-T G.693 (2009), Optical interfaces for intra-office systems. 2 G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) ITU-T G.694.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.694.1 (2002), Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency
30、 grid. ITU-T G.694.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.694.2 (2003), Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid. ITU-T G.826 Recommendation ITU-T G.826 (2002), End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections. ITU-T G.828 R
31、ecommendation ITU-T G.828 (2000), Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit-rate synchronous digital paths. ITU-T G.911 Recommendation ITU-T G.911 (1997), Parameters and calculation methodologies for reliability and availability of fibre optic systems. ITU-T G.957 R
32、ecommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy. ITU-T G.959.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.959.1 (2009), Optical transport network physical layer interfaces. ITU-T G.971 Recommendation ITU-T G.971 (2007), General features of op
33、tical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.972 Recommendation ITU-T G.972 (2004), Definition of terms relevant to optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.973 Recommendation ITU-T G.973 (2007), Characteristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.973.1 Recommendatio
34、n ITU-T G.973.1 (2009), Longitudinally compatible DWDM applications for repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.974 Recommendation ITU-T G.974 (2007), Characteristics of regenerative optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.975 Recommendation ITU-T G.975 (2000), Forward err
35、or correction for submarine systems. ITU-T G.975.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.975.1 (2004), Forward error correction for high bit-rate DWDM submarine systems. ITU-T G.976 Recommendation ITU-T G.976 (2007), Test methods applicable to optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.977 Recommendation ITU-T
36、 G.977 (2006), Characteristics of optically amplified optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.978 Recommendation ITU-T G.978 (2006), Characteristics of optical fibre submarine cables. ITU-T G.Sup.39 ITU-T G-series Recommendations Supplement 39 (2008), Optical system design and engineering con
37、siderations. IEC/TR 61282-3 IEC/TR 61282-3 (2006), Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 3: Calculation of link polarization mode dispersion. IEC/TR 62380 IEC/TR 62380 (2004), Reliability data handbook Universal model for reliability prediction of electronics components, PCBs and equip
38、ment. G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) 3 3 Definitions Formal definitions are found in the primary Recommendations. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3R Regeneration of power, shape and timing ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission BER Bit Error Ratio BoL Beginning of Life BU Branching Unit COTDR Coherent Op
39、tical Time Domain Reflectometry CSF Cut-off Shifted single mode Fibre CTB Cable Terminal Box CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing DCF Dispersion Compensation single-mode Fibre DGD Differential Group Delay DLS Digital Line Section DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DSF Dispersion Shifted si
40、ngle mode Fibre DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDMS Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System EDF Erbium-Doped Fibre EoL End of Life ER Extinction Ratio FEC Forward Error Correction FIT Failure In Time FWM Four-Wave Mixing LOC Line Optical Channel IrDI Inter Domain Interface MDC Ma
41、ximum Design Capacity MPI-R Multi-Path Interface at the Receiver MPI-S Multi-Path Interface at the Source MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTTR Mean Time To Repair NDSF Non-Dispersion Shifted single mode Fibre NF Noise Figure NOTS Nominal Operating Tensile Strength NRZ Non Return to Zero 4 G series S
42、upplement 41 (06/2010) NTTS Nominal Transient Tensile Strength NZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted single mode Fibre OA Optical Amplifier OD Optical Demultiplexer OFA Optical Fibre Amplifier OM Optical Multiplexer OOK On Off Keying OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio OSR Optical Submarine Repeater OTDR
43、 Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTN Optical Transport Network PDG Polarization Dependent Gain PDL Polarization Dependent Loss PFE Power Feeding Equipment PHB Polarization Hole Burning PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion R Single channel optical interface point at the Receiver RX (optical) Receiver R
44、Z Return to Zero S Single channel optical interface at the Source SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SHB Spectral Hole Burning SLD Straight Line Diagram SoP State of Polarization SPM Self-Phase Modulation SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering SWS Single Wavelength System TS Terminal Station TTE Terminal Tr
45、ansmission Equipment TX (optical) Transmitter UC Ultimate Capacity WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDMS Wavelength Division Multiplexing System XPM cross-Phase Modulation G series Supplement 41 (06/2010) 5 5 Parameters of system elements 5.1 Transmitter parameters These parameters are defined a
46、t the transmitter output reference points S or MPI-S, as given in ITU-T G.957, ITU-T G.691, ITU-T G.692 and ITU-T G.959.1. 5.1.1 System operating wavelength range The operating wavelength ranges for single channel SDH systems up to 10 Gbit/s are given in ITU-T G.691 and ITU-T G.957. The operating wa
47、velength ranges for single channel and multi-channel IrDIs up to 40 Gbit/s are defined in ITU-T G.959.1. Other applications may use different wavelength bands and ranges within bands as defined in this supplement. 5.1.2 Spectral characteristics Spectral characteristics of single channel SDH interfac
48、es up to 10 Gbit/s are given in ITU-T G.957 and ITU-T G.691. For higher bit rates and longer distances, in particular in a WDM environment, additional specifications may be needed. 5.1.3 Maximum spectral width of SLM sources This parameter is defined for single channel SDH systems in ITU-T G.691. 5.
49、1.4 Maximum spectral width of MLM sources This parameter is defined for single channel SDH systems in ITU-T G.691. 5.1.5 Chirp This parameter is defined in ITU-T G.691. For higher bit rate or longer distance systems, possibly also operating on other line codes, it is likely that additional specification of a time-resolved dynamic behaviour might be req
