1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series G TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 41 (02/2018) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems ITU-T G-ser
2、ies Recommendations Supplement 41 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
3、OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION ME
4、DIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.1000G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6
5、000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) i Supplement 41 to ITU-T G-series Recommendations Design guideli
6、nes for optical fibre submarine cable systems Summary Supplement 41 to the ITU-T G-series of Recommendations describes design considerations for repeatered, repeaterless and optically amplified systems supporting synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and optical transport network (OTN) signals in opti
7、cal submarine cable systems. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2005-05-27 15 11.1002/1000/8490 2.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2007-06-15 15 11.1002/1000/9193 3.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2010-06-11 15 11.1002/1000/10929 4.0 ITU-T G Suppl. 41 2018-02-09 15 11.1002/1
8、000/13583 Keywords Guidelines, optical power budget, physical layer, reliability, repeatered systems, repeaterless systems, submarine, submarine topology, upgradeability. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Reco
9、mmendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs).
10、 The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Sta
11、ndardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of informati
12、on technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Com
13、pliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall” or some other obligator
14、y language such as “must” and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of thi
15、s publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of ap
16、proval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB pate
17、nt database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 3 4 A
18、bbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Parameters of system elements . 5 5.1 Transmitter parameters . 5 5.2 Submarine cable parameters . 6 5.3 Submarine repeater parameters 10 5.4 Cable joint parameters 12 5.5 Receivers parameters 13 6 Optical network topology . 14 6.1 Point-to-point 14 6.2 Star 14 6.3 Branc
19、hed star 15 6.4 Trunk and branch 15 6.5 Festoon . 15 6.6 Ring 16 6.7 Branched ring . 16 7 System design considerations . 16 7.1 Optical power budget . 16 7.2 Dispersion considerations . 31 7.3 Power feeding subsystem design 33 8 Forward error correction . 34 9 Reliability consideration . 34 9.1 Reli
20、ability requirement . 35 9.2 Internal fault . 35 9.3 External fault 38 9.4 Fault localization 38 10 Upgradeability considerations 39 10.1 Upgrade definitions 39 10.2 Standard upgrades 40 10.3 Challenging upgrades . 40 10.4 Conclusion 42 11 Physical layer compatibility . 42 11.1 Single-span longitudi
21、nal compatibility . 42 11.2 Single-span black-box transverse compatibility . 42 11.3 Multi-span black-box full transverse compatibility . 43 iv G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) Page 11.4 Multi-span black-box single-link transverse compatibility 43 11.5 Multi-span black-box multiple-link transverse c
22、ompatibility 43 11.6 Single-span black-link transverse compatibility 44 11.7 Multi-span black-link transverse compatibility 44 Bibliography. 45 G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) 1 Supplement 41 to ITU-T G-series Recommendations Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems 1 Scope This
23、supplement describes design considerations for repeatered, repeaterless and optically amplified systems supporting synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and optical transport network (OTN) signals in optical submarine cable systems. In particular, this supplement focuses on specific matters that are r
24、elevant to optical fibre submarine cable systems. This supplement also describes a common way of thinking of the requirements for designing optical fibre submarine cable systems and aims to consolidate and expand on material related to several Recommendations, including ITU-T G.971, ITU-T G.972, ITU
25、-T G.973, ITU-T G.973.1, ITU-T G.974, ITU-T G.975, ITU-T G.975.1, ITU-T G.976, ITU-T G.977 and ITU-T G.978. This supplement should also allow a reader to better understand the specifications in the fibre, components, and system interface Recommendations. This supplement should not prevent technical
26、development relevant to optical fibre cable system technologies. 2 References ITU-T G.650.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.1 (2018), Definitions and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.650.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.650.2 (2015), Definitions and test m
27、ethods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single-mode fibre and cable. ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2016), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2010), Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical
28、 fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2016), Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.656 Recommendation I
29、TU-T G.656 (2010), Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband optical transport. ITU-T G.661 Recommendation ITU-T G.661 (2007), Definitions and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.663 Recommendation ITU
30、-T G.663 (2011), Application-related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.671 Recommendation ITU-T G.671 (2012), Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems. ITU-T G.691 Recommendation ITU-T G.691 (2006), Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64 and
31、other SDH systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.692 Recommendation ITU-T G.692 (1998), Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers. 2 G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) ITU-T G.693 Recommendation ITU-T G.693 (2009), Optical interfaces for intra-office systems. ITU-T G.694.1
32、Recommendation ITU-T G.694.1 (2012), Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid. ITU-T G.694.2 Recommendation ITU-T G.694.2 (2003), Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid. ITU-T G.826 Recommendation ITU-T G.826 (2002), End-to-end error performance parameters and obje
33、ctives for international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections. ITU-T G.828 Recommendation ITU-T G.828 (2000), Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit-rate synchronous digital paths. ITU-T G.911 Recommendation ITU-T G.911 (1997), Parameters and calculat
34、ion methodologies for reliability and availability of fibre optic systems. ITU-T G.957 Recommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy. ITU-T G.959.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.959.1 (2018), Optical transport network physical
35、layer interfaces. ITU-T G.971 Recommendation ITU-T G.971 (2016), General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.972 Recommendation ITU-T G.972 (2016), Definition of terms relevant to optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.973 Recommendation ITU-T G.973 (2016), Characteris
36、tics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.973.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.973.1 (2009), Longitudinally compatible DWDM applications for repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.974 Recommendation ITU-T G.974 (2007), Characteristics of regenerative optical fi
37、bre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.975 Recommendation ITU-T G.975 (2000), Forward error correction for submarine systems. ITU-T G.975.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.975.1 (2004), Forward error correction for high bit-rate DWDM submarine systems. ITU-T G.976 Recommendation ITU-T G.976 (2014), Test method
38、s applicable to optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.977 Recommendation ITU-T G.977 (2015), Characteristics of optically amplified optical fibre submarine cable systems. ITU-T G.978 Recommendation ITU-T G.978 (2010), Characteristics of optical fibre submarine cables. ITU-T G.8201 Recommend
39、ation ITU-T G.8201 (2011), Error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator international paths within optical transport networks. ITU-T G.Sup.39 ITU-T G-series Recommendations Supplement 39 (2016), Optical system design and engineering considerations. IEC/TR 61282-3 IEC/TR 61282-3 (20
40、06), Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 3: Calculation of link polarization mode dispersion. G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) 3 IEC 61709 IEC 61709 (2017), Electric components - Reliability - Reference conditions for failure rates and stress models for conversion. 3 Definitions Form
41、al definitions are found in the primary Recommendations. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: 3R Regeneration of power, shape and timing ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission BER Bit Error Ratio BoL Beginning of Life BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
42、BU Branching Unit COTDR Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry CF Compression Factor CSF Cut-off Shifted single mode Fibre CTB Cable Terminal Box CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing DCF Dispersion Compensation single-mode Fibre DGD Differential Group Delay DLS Digital Line Section DPSK
43、Differential Phase Shift Keying DSF Dispersion Shifted single mode Fibre DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDMS Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System EDF Erbium-Doped Fibre EoL End of Life ER Extinction Ratio FEC Forward Error Correction FIT Failure In Time FWM Four-Wave Mixing GF
44、 Gain Flatness LOC Line Optical Channel IrDI Inter Domain Interface MDC Maximum Design Capacity MPI-R Multi-Path Interface at the Receiver MPI-S Multi-Path Interface at the Source 4 G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTC Marinized Terrestrial Cable MTTR Mean Time To Rep
45、air NDSF Non-Dispersion Shifted single mode Fibre NF Noise Figure NG Nominal Gain NOTS Nominal Operating Tensile Strength NRZ Non-Return to Zero NSIP Nominal Signal Input Power NSOP Nominal Signal Output Power NTTS Nominal Transient Tensile Strength NZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted single mode Fibr
46、e OA Optical Amplifier OD Optical De-multiplexer OFA Optical Fibre Amplifier OM Optical Multiplexer OOK On Off Keying OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio OSR Optical Submarine Repeater OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTN Optical Transport Network PBT Power Budget Table PDG Polarization Depende
47、nt Gain PDL Polarization Dependent Loss PFE Power Feeding Equipment PHB Polarization Hole Burning PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying R Single channel optical interface point at the Receiver RX (optical) Receiver RZ Return to Zero S Single channel optical interface at
48、 the Source SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SEOI Submarine Electro-Optic Interface SHB Spectral Hole Burning SLD Straight Line Diagram SoP State of Polarization G series Supplement 41 (02/2018) 5 SPM Self-Phase Modulation SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering SSG Small Signal Gain SWS Single Wavelength
49、System TS Terminal Station TTE Terminal Transmission Equipment TX (optical) Transmitter UC Ultimate Capacity WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDMS Wavelength Division Multiplexing System XPM cross-Phase Modulation 5 Parameters of system elements 5.1 Transmitter parameters These parameters are defined at the transmitter output reference points S or MPI-S, as given in ITU-T G.957, ITU-T G.691, ITU-T G.692 and ITU-T G.959.1.
