1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series L TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 20 (10/2015) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEM
2、ENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Green public ICT procurement ITU-T L-series Recommendations Supplement 20 L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) i Supplement 20 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Green public ICT procurement Summary Supplement 20 to the ITU-T L-series Recommendations provides technical guidance to p
3、ublic authorities on how to improve their procurement practices to purchase green information and communication technology (ICT) goods and services. This Supplement collects and presents relevant standards, ecolabels and certifications from different organizations to help public authorities achieve
4、green ICT public procurement practices. The guidance presented here can also be used by private organizations interested in improving their green ICT procurement practice. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 20 2015-10-23 5 11.1002/1000/12696 Keywords Ec
5、olabel, eco-friendly, energy efficiency, energy savings, environment, green ICT, green public ICT procurement, life cycle cost, public authorities, sustainability, sustainable public ICT procurement. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
6、browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/ 11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and comm
7、unication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. T
8、he World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution
9、 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a re
10、cognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “
11、shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the pra
12、ctice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development
13、 process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly
14、 urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Refe
15、rences . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement 3 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Buying responsible and sustainable 4 6.1 Objective . 4 6.2 Target 4 6.3 Products 4 6.4 Environmental impacts . 4 7 Pursuing green ICT public procurement .
16、8 7.1 Sustainable public procurement . 8 7.2 Environmental or green public procurement 9 7.3 Strategy . 10 7.4 Process 11 7.5 Benefits . 11 8 Existing standards and eco-labelling schemes 12 9 Final recommendations . 22 9.1 Improving energy efficiency 22 9.2 Virtualization 22 9.3 Cloud computing 23 9
17、.4 Video conference systems 23 9.5 Enhancing users behaviour 23 10 Conclusions. 24 10.1 Personal computer products . 24 10.2 Network equipment and servers . 24 10.3 Imaging equipment . 25 10.4 Durability, disposal and recycling 25 Bibliography. 29 iv L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) Introduction Com
18、munities all over the world are facing the consequences of climate change, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation and increasing poverty b-UNDP. In order to address these issues, all levels of society (public and private) are realizing that change is required
19、 to develop a more sustainable society and planet. Governments can have an impact in addressing these issues through the implementation of sustainable procurement policies and practices that take into account the impact on the environment and society of the products and service they purchase. Sustai
20、nable procurement practices consider more than just the cost of acquiring a product. Sustainable procurement practices should be useful and understandable, equitable for all suppliers and viable from both an economic and environmental point of view. The price calculation should include all the costs
21、 related to the product throughout its life and eventual disposal, recycling and/or reuse. L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) 1 Supplement 20 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Green public ICT procurement 1 Scope This Supplement provides technical guidance to public authorities on how to improve their
22、 procurement practices when purchasing ICT goods and services. To this end, this Supplement collects and presents relevant standards, ecolabels and certifications from different organizations to help public authorities achieve green ICT public procurement practices. This guidance can be also used by
23、 private organizations interested in improving their ICT procurement practice. 2 References ITU-T H.264 Recommendation ITU-T H.264 (2014), Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T L.1000 Recommendation ITU-T L.1000 (2011), Universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile
24、terminals and other hand-held ICT devices. ITU-T L.1001 Recommendation ITU-T L.1001 (2012), External universal power adapter solutions for stationary information and communication technology devices. ITU-T L.1005 Recommendation ITU-T L.1005 (2014), Test suites for assessment of the universal charger
25、 solution. ITU-T L.1010 Recommendation ITU-T L.1010 (2014), Green battery solutions for mobile phones and other hand-held information and communication technology devices. ITU-T L.1100 Recommendation ITU-T L.1100 (2012), Procedure for recycling rare metals in information and communication technology
26、 goods. ITU-T L.1101 Recommendation ITU-T L.1101 (2014), Measurement methods to characterize rare metals in information and communication technology goods. ITU-T L.1300 Recommendation ITU-T L.1300 (2014), Best practices for green data centres. ITU-T L.1301 Recommendation ITU-T L.1301 (2015), Minimum
27、 data set and communication interface requirements for data centre energy management. ITU-T L.1310 Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 (2014), Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for telecommunication equipment. ITU-T L.1320 Recommendation ITU-T L.1320 (2014), Energy efficiency metrics and mea
28、surement for power and cooling equipment for telecommunications and data centres. ITU-T L.1321 Recommendation ITU-T L.1321 (2015), Reference operational model and interface for improving energy efficiency of ICT network hosts. ITU-T L.1330 Recommendation ITU-T L.1330 (2015), Energy efficiency measur
29、ement and metrics for telecommunication networks. 2 L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) ITU-T L.1340 Recommendation ITU-T L.1340 (2014), Informative values on the energy efficiency of telecommunication equipment. ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410 (2014), Methodology for environmental life cycle
30、assessments of information and communication technology goods, networks and services. ITU-T L.1420 Recommendation ITU-T L.1420 (2012), Methodology for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions impact assessment of information and communication technologies in organizations. 3 Definitions 3.1 T
31、erms defined elsewhere This Supplement uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 environmental procurement b-UN: Environmental procurement is procuring with the goal of reducing the impact on the environment. Also often referred to as “green procurement“. Can be defined as building environme
32、ntal considerations into the procurement policy and the day-to-day procurement decision-making and operations. Can include both procurement of products and services that reduce the use of all materials, energy, water, noise, protected natural resources such as rain forests, etc. 3.1.2 environmental
33、life cycle assessment ITU-T L.1410: An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic analytical method by which the potential environmental effects related to ICT goods, networks, and services can be estimated. LCAs have a cradle-to-grave scope where all the life cycle stages (raw materi
34、al acquisition, production, use, and end-of-life treatment) are included. Moreover, transport and energy supplies are included at each stage of the life cycle assessment. 3.1.3 green public procurement b-EUa: A process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduc
35、ed environmental impact throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services and works with the same primary function that would otherwise be procured. 3.1.4 life cycle b-ISO 14040: Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natur
36、al resources to final disposal. 3.1.5 life cycle assessment b-ISO 14040: compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. 3.1.6 procurement b-UN: Technically, obtaining goods or services by various means such as
37、loan, transfer and hire, as well as straightforward purchase. 3.1.7 sustainable public procurement b-UK DEFRA: A process whereby organizations meet their needs for goods, services, works and utilities in a way that achieves value for money on a whole life basis in terms of generating benefits not on
38、ly to the organization, but also to society and the economy, whilst minimizing damage to the environment. 3.1.8 supply chain b-ITUb: The group of planning, manufacturing and producing operations required to bring a product/service to the market is known as the supply chain, and it covers activities
39、that range from sourcing of raw materials to the delivery of a completed product. L series Supplement 20 (10/2015) 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement This Supplement defines the following term: 3.2.1 green ICT: Green ICT is about designing, manufacturing, using, procuring and disposing of ICT eq
40、uipment and services efficiently with the goal of achieving reductions in energy consumption, resource consumption and end-of-life impact to the environment. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current BFR Brominated Flame Retard
41、ants CA Competent Authority (of Egypt) CPU Central Processing Unit CRT Cathode Ray Tube DC Direct Current EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPEAT Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool EPP Environmental Public Procurement GDP Gross Domestic Product GEC Green Electronics Council GHG Green
42、house Gas GPP Green Public Procurement ICT Information and Communication Technology ICT GPP Green Public ICT Procurement IT Information Technology ITU International Telecommunication Union ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Standardization LAN Local Area Network LCA Life Cycle Assessment LC
43、C Life Cycle Cost LCI Life Cycle Inventory MFD Multifunction devices Mt Metric Tonnes OS Operating System PC Personal Computer PVC Polyvinylchloride R as such, public authorities need ICTs for the functioning of their daily operations. The widespread use of ICT has contributed significantly to incre
44、asing economic productivity and social development. However, it has also had negative impacts on the environment (e.g., increased energy use, overuse of natural resources, and creation of hazardous electronic waste) that should not be neglected. Governments can have an impact in addressing these iss
45、ues through the implementation of eco-friendly procurement practices, without undermining cost-efficiency. The good news is that procurement costs can be reduced by purchasing products that are less harmful to the environment. 6.1 Objective This Supplement aims at providing technical guidance for pu
46、blic authorities to improve their procurement practices to purchase green ICT goods and services. 6.2 Target This Supplement is aimed at procurement officers, managers and people involved in the procurement process of green ICT goods and services for public authorities. 6.3 Products This Supplement
47、covers the purchase of information technology (IT) office equipment, including: personal computer (PC) products; network equipment and servers; imaging equipment; light current systems. 6.4 Environmental impacts Environmental impacts of office ICT equipment stem from their manufacturing, use and dis
48、posal. They are not radically different from the environmental impacts of many other manufacturing industries, but pose specific problems depending on the product considered and its specific lifecycle. Given the diversity of the office ICT equipment considered, this Supplement lists the main environ
49、mental impacts relevant to all products. Manufacturing Manufacturing activities include: acquisition, assembly and transport of raw materials and components. Supply chain in the ICT industry is extremely complex, as ICT products are generally made of several thousands of components made up of a large variety of materials and substances. Components including circuit boards, connector cards, graphic cards, memory cards, central processing units (CPUs), cables, hard drives and batteries contai
