1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series L TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 35 (06/2017) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEM
2、ENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Framework of disaster management for network resilience and recovery ITU-T L-series Recommendations Supplement 35 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEME
3、NTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.299 M
4、AINTENANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, please r
5、efer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) i Supplement 35 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Framework of disaster management for network resilience and recovery Summary Network resilience, the robustness of the network infrastructure, should ensure the continuity of
6、 telecommunication services against any damage caused by disasters. Network recovery is restoration of the network infrastructure and telecommunication services to their original status or a certain level of availability, even temporarily, to provide the users with an adequate grade of services afte
7、r the disaster. ITU-T L-series Supplement 35 provides a framework of disaster management for improving network resilience and recovery (NRR) by reviewing high-level objectives of NRR against disasters, identifying several approaches (i.e., redundancy, congestion control, repair, substitution and rob
8、ustness) that meet the objectives, and clarifying the approaches with regard to the effective time frame (i.e., phase) for disaster recovery. Based on the identified approaches with effective disaster recovery phases, information about relevant technologies, including those already available and tho
9、se emerging, is also provided. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 35 2017-06-30 15 11.1002/1000/13344 Keywords Congestion control, disaster management, disaster relief, network resilience and recovery, redundancy, repair, robustness, substitute, toleran
10、ce. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union
11、(ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and
12、issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these
13、 topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expressio
14、n “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and
15、compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is
16、 required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intelle
17、ctual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, i
18、mplementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior wr
19、itten permission of ITU. L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Introduction . 3 7 Overview of network resilience an
20、d recovery 3 7.1 General objectives of network resilience and recovery 3 7.2 Approaches to achieving the objectives . 4 7.3 Classification and landscape of network resilience and recovery measures 5 7.4 New study areas for network resilience and recovery 8 Appendix I Practices for connecting survivi
21、ng fibres and building temporary optical infrastructures (with a portable erbium-doped optical fibre amplifier) 11 I.1 Introduction 11 I.2 Background and concept 11 I.4 Considerations concerning the equipment 12 I.5 Other open issues 13 Appendix II Implementation of a local wireless network based on
22、 a decentralized mesh architecture . 14 II.1 Introduction 14 II.2 Background and concept 14 II.3 Usage scenarios 15 II.4 General considerations for networking between nodes 15 II.5 Considerations for individual nodes . 16 II.6 Other open issues 16 Appendix III Practices for re-establishing optical i
23、nfrastructures with elastic optical network technologies 17 III.1 Introduction 17 III.2 Background and concept 17 III.3 Usage scenarios 18 III.4 Adaptive restoration enhanced with an elastic optical network . 18 III.5 General considerations . 19 III.6 Other open issues 20 Appendix IV Considerations
24、by the Pacific Islands Telecommunications Association on disaster relief 21 IV.1 Background . 21 iv L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) Page IV.2 Concepts and rationale . 21 IV.3 Emergency/disaster recovery requirements 21 IV.4 Disaster scenarios . 22 IV.5 Restoration levels . 22 Bibliography. 23 L ser
25、ies Supplement 35 (06/2017) 1 Supplement 35 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Framework of disaster management for network resilience and recovery 1 Scope This Supplement provides a framework of disaster management for improving network resilience and recovery (NRR) by reviewing high-level objective
26、s of NRR against disasters, identifying several approaches (i.e., redundancy, congestion control, repair, substitution and robustness) that meet the objectives and clarifying the approaches with regard to the effective time frame (i.e., phase) along with disaster. Regarding outside plant facilities
27、such as cables, poles and manholes, ITU-T L.390/L.92 considers disaster management for them and describes countermeasures for natural disasters such as earthquakes, strong winds and floods. 2 References ITU-T G.694.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.694.1 (2012), Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM freq
28、uency grid. ITU-T G.872 Recommendation ITU-T G.872 (2017), Architecture of optical transport networks. ITU-T K.47 Recommendation ITU-T K.47 (2012), Protection of telecommunication lines against direct lightning flashes. ITU-T K.56 Recommendation ITU-T K. 56 (2010), Protection of radio base stations
29、against lightning discharges. ITU-T L.302/L.40 Recommendation ITU-T L.302/L.40 (2000), Optical fibre outside plant maintenance support, monitoring and testing system. ITU-T L.390/L.92 Recommendation ITU-T L.390/L.92 (2012), Disaster management for outside plant facilities. ITU-T L.391/L.81 Recommend
30、ation ITU-T L.391/L.81 (2009), Monitoring systems for outside plant facilities. ITU-T L.392 Recommendation ITU-T L.392 (2016), Disaster management for improving network resilience and recovery with movable and deployable information and communication technology (ICT) resource units. ITU-T Y.1271 Rec
31、ommendation ITU-T Y.1271 (2014), Framework(s) on network requirements and capabilities to support emergency telecommunications over evolving circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. ITU-R F.1105-3 Recommendation ITU-R F.1105-3 (2014), Fixed wireless systems for disaster mitigation and relief o
32、perations. ITU-R M.1854-1 Recommendation ITU-R M.1854-1 (2012), Use of mobile-satellite service in disaster response and relief. ITU-R S.1001-2 Recommendation ITU-R S.1001-2 (2010), Use of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning an
33、d relief operations. IEC 61587-2 IEC 61587-2:2011, Mechanical structures for electronic equipment Tests for IEC 60917 and 60297 Part 2: Seismic tests for cabinets and racks. IEC 60794-3-70 IEC 60794-3-70:2016), Optical fibre cables Part 3-70: Outdoor cables Family specification for outdoor optical f
34、ibre cables for rapid/multiple deployment. 2 L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Supplement uses the following term defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 movable and deployable ICT resource unit (MDRU) ITU-T L.392: A collection of information and communication resource
35、s that are packaged as an identifiable physical unit, movable by any of multiple transportation modalities, and which act as a stand-in (substitute) for damaged network facilities, and reproduce and extend their functionalities. NOTE Packed into a container or box, an MDRU accommodates equipment for
36、 reproducing ICT services such as switches/routers, wired/wireless transmitters/receivers, servers, storage devices, power distribution unit, and air conditioners. 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement This Supplement defines the following terms: 3.2.1 delay-tolerant networking (DTN): A technology th
37、at stores information when it is connected to a source (e.g., a mobile terminal), and delivers the information to a destination when it finds the end-user. NOTE A DTN is a technology that provides communications with and among extreme and performance-challenged environments where continuous end-to-e
38、nd connectivity cannot be assumed. The addressed challenges include: large delay for transmissions resulting from either physical link properties or extended periods of network partitioning, routing capable of operating efficiently with frequently disconnected, pre-scheduled or opportunistic link av
39、ailability, high per-link error rates making end-to-end reliability difficult, heterogeneous underlying network technologies including networks not based on the Internet protocol (IP), and application structure and security mechanisms capable of limiting network access prior to data transit in an en
40、vironment where round-trip times may be very large. Refer to b-DTNRG and b-Farrell. 3.2.2 local wireless mesh network: A local-area network that consists of multiple relay-capable nodes connected with each other via multiple wireless links (i.e., in mesh topology), governed by specialized control fo
41、r discovering communication paths from among available nodes and wireless links and which provides information relay services to user terminals typically wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) terminals. NOTE The relay nodes are assumed to be placed on top of buildings or on the ground with good visibility in pr
42、eparation for disasters, installed where needed or transported by car or plane. Local communication service in a relatively limited area provided by a private company or local government (rather than public network operators) is an initial design target. 3.2.3 network recovery: The process of recove
43、ring the service level of a given communication network after a disaster. 3.2.4 network resilience: The ability to provide and maintain an acceptable service level in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation of a given communication network, based on prepared facilities. 4 Abbreviations
44、 and acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying DTN Delay-Tolerant Networking DR Disaster Relief EDFA Erbium-Doped Optical Fibre Amplifier L series Supplement 35 (06/2017) 3 HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning IC Integrated Circ
45、uit ICT Information and Communication Technology IP Internet Protocol LAN Local Area Network MDRU Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit NE Network Element NEBS Network Equipment Building System NMS Network Management System NRR Network Resilience and Recovery OSC Optical Supervisory Channel QAM Q
46、uadrature Amplitude Modulation SMS Short Message Service UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access 5 Conventions None. 6 Introduction Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide crucial services and systems for our daily l
47、ife as well as emergency and disaster situations. Based on the layering model, systems robust against disasters can be viewed from two aspects: service/application and infrastructure. Regarding the infrastructure aspect, it is necessary to improve network tolerance against damage and enable quick re
48、storation to cope with large-scale communication congestion and the loss of network function by the destruction or failure of communication facilities. Network resilience is the robustness of the network infrastructure and should ensure the continuity of telecommunication services against any damage
49、 caused by the disaster. Network recovery is restoration of the network infrastructure and telecommunication services to their original status or a certain level of availability, even temporarily, to provide users with an adequate grade of services after a disaster. According to past experiences and by considering latest available technologies in b-FG-Overview, b-FG-Frame and b-FG-Gap, some of the NRR technologies are considered to need further investigation wit
