1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T Series STELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 1(11/1988) SERIES S: TELEGRAPH SERVICES TERMINAL EQUIPMENT Minimal specifications for the bilingual (Arabic/Latin) teleprinter Supplement 1 to ITU-T S-series Recommendations (Extract from
2、the Blue Book) S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) i Supplement 1 to ITU-T S-series Recommendations Minimal specifications for the bilingual (Arabic/Latin) teleprinter Source Supplement 1 to ITU-T S-series Recommendations was prepared by ITU-T Study Group (1985-1988) and approved under the WTSC Resoluti
3、on 5 procedure on 3 November 1988. ii S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is r
4、esponsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by
5、 the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a colla
6、borative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implement
7、ation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of th
8、e date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult
9、the TSB patent database. ITU 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Modes of the bilingual teleprinter. 1 3 Home position. 1 4
10、The seven functions 1 5 Switching from Latin mode to Arabic mode and vice versa 1 6 Call initiation and termination 4 7 Indicatif answerback. 4 8 Local position . 4 9 Line capacity. 4 10 The Bell signal 4 11 The Keyboard General specifications 4 12 Distribution of the letters and signs on the keyboa
11、rd . 4 13 Distribution of the letters and signs on the combinations 4 14 Requirements relevant to the intelligent element when the teleprinter is in the Arabic mode . 5 15 Further specifications 5 16 The single Arabic teleprinter 5 S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) 1 Supplement 1 to ITU-T S-series Rec
12、ommendations Minimal specifications for the bilingual (Arabic/Latin) teleprinter11 Introduction The bilingual (Arabic/Latin) teleprinter is an apparatus that, through applying the five unit code, can print, transmit and receive letters and characters in both Arabic and Latin on the international tel
13、ex network using the International Alphabet No. 2 (See Tables 1 and 2). In order to fulfil the requirements of printing Arabic text in its correct form and to ensure the necessary automatic control for the operation of such a teleprinter, its design should utilize the most up-to-date, latest technol
14、ogy such as having an intelligent element (micro-processor). 2 Modes of the bilingual teleprinter The bilingual teleprinter has two modes: a) Latin mode The Latin mode is the same mode as the Latin teleprinter now in use. b) Arabic mode In order to transmit, receive and print the Arabic texts, figur
15、es and special signs, the direction of printing, contrary to the Latin mode, is from right to left. The code combinations, formats and keys of the numerals, special signs and the seven functions are identical to those in the Latin teleprinter. 3 Home position In the bilingual teleprinter, the home p
16、osition is always Latin, i.e., on operating the teleprinter in the initial communication, it begins automatically with the Latin mode. 4 The seven functions The combinations applied in the International Alphabet No. 2 for the seven functions in the Latin mode (WRU, bell, carriage return, line feed,
17、letter-shift, figure-shift and space) and the single combination 32 are to be applied identically in the Arabic mode. 5 Switching from Latin mode to Arabic mode and vice versa To switch the bilingual teleprinter from mode to mode, the following groups of combinations are dedicated: From Latin to Ara
18、bic: 29-30-32-29 From Arabic to Latin: 29-32-30-29 Each of these groups should have an individual key on the board. Pressing such a key causes automatically the generation and transmission of the relevant combinations as well as making the proper direction of the printing according to the mode. _ 1T
19、his equipment is used in countries in Arab Telecommunication Union (ATU) only. 2 S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) Table 1 Distribution of Arabic and Latin letters and symbols on the keyboard 117F223F35F418F520F625F721F89F915F016F 32+8L(11F)12F32+19LQ W ERTYUIOP17L 23L 5L 18L 20L 25L 21L 9L 15L 16L 32
20、+3L 22F 2F26FASD F G HJKL1L19L4L6L7L8L10L1L12L32+24LZXC V B NM26L 24L 3L 32L 2L 14L 13L32+13L 19F+=27+28L14F 13F 1F 3F 24F/:29302710F 4F3231Latin ArabicTemporaryshift key-.28/?Latin ArabicS Suppl.1_T1S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) 3 Table 2 Distribution of letters and symbols over the code combinat
21、ions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z : 8 ( 9 0 1 4 5 7 = 2 / 6 +31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 321234) ./4 S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) 6
22、 Call initiation and termination Regarding call initiation and termination, the principles applied in the bilingual teleprinter are identical to those applied in the Latin teleprinter. 7 Indicatif answerback The bilingual teleprinter has two answerbacks. The first is to be applied in the Latin mode
23、whilst the second is to be applied in the Arabic mode. Each answerback consists of 20 combinations. 8 Local position A separate key should be provided to the bilingual teleprinter for local operation. 9 Line capacity In any line, the number of printed positions (letters, figures or special signs) sh
24、ould not exceed 69 characters whether in Arabic mode or Latin mode. If the ultimate capacity (69 characters) is attained, the carriage return and line feed should be automatically effected. Upon reaching space No. 59, of the line, a signal should be given (visual and/or audible) to notify the user t
25、hat only 10 spaces remain to be employed. 10 The Bell signal As in actual procedure of the Latin teleprinter, the pressing of the bell key in both Arabic or Latin mode induces printing giving the appropriate sound signal and transmitting the character dedicated for it in the teleprinter. 11 The Keyb
26、oard General specifications a) The keyboard is of the 4 rows type. b) Each letter (Latin or Arabic) regardless of the number of written shapes, has only one key. c) The formats and keys dedicated for figures are identical irrespective of whether the teleprinter is in the Arabic or the Latin mode. Th
27、eir distribution should be analogous to the keyboard of the Latin teleprinter. d) Each of the combinations (27, 28, 30, 31, 32) should have an individual key. Such a key is to be used in both modes (Arabic and Latin). e) There is no need to apply the high shift key (30) or the low shift key (29) upo
28、n moving from the letter shift to the figure shift and vice versa. 12 Distribution of the letters and signs on the keyboard The distribution of the Arabic and Latin letters and signs on the keyboard should be done according to Table 1. 13 Distribution of the letters and signs on the combinations a)
29、The distribution of the Arabic and Latin letters and signs will be shown in Table 2. b) Pressing the key of one of the letters ( , , , and ) the combination No. 32 is automatically generated followed by the combination of the appropriate letter. These two S series Supplement 1 (11/1988) 5 combinatio
30、ns may be preceded automatically by combination 29 as described in item d) below. c) If the teleprinter is in the letter shift low and it is required to get a letter or a character located in the temporary shift other than those mentioned in item b) above, the pressing of the key of the temporary le
31、vel followed by pressing a key relevant to a letter or a character of the complementary group of the Arabic letters induces automatically the generation of the combination No. 32, followed by the combination of the relevant letter or character. d) If the teleprinter is in the high shift, the applica
32、tion of the temporary shift induces at first switching to the low shift and then to the application of the combination of the temporary shift automatically. e) The pressing of the key of the temporary shift by itself does not induce transmission of any combinations. f) After effecting a letter or a
33、character located on the temporary shift, the teleprinter comes back automatically to the letter shift (low). g) When the teleprinter is in the Latin mode, the key of the temporary shift is not effective. 14 Requirements relevant to the intelligent element when the teleprinter is in the Arabic mode
34、a) The teleprinter prints the appropriate format of the Arabic letter according to its position in the word. b) If the combination No. 11 (low) relevant to the Arabic letter (Alif) follows the combination No. 4 (low) relevant to the Arabic letter (Lam), the combined Arabic letter () will be printed
35、in two spaces and in its correct format. c) Upon ending or interrupting the communication, the teleprinter goes back automatically to the home position, i.e., to the Latin mode. d) In addition to using the sign (), i.e., combination No. 1 in the high shift as a negative sign, it is used as a connect
36、ing sign for the Arabic letters when it is attached to them. e) Actuating the keys relevant to the Arabic short vowels (Fat-hah, Dhammah, Kasrah, Shaddah) is done according to the following procedure: 1) Actuation of the key of the short vowel follows the actuation of the key of the letter to which
37、the short vowel relates. 2) The transmission of the short vowel combination follows the transmission of the relating letter combination. 3) In the printed text, the short vowel apears in the space following the letter to which it relates. 15 Further specifications Whenever no specific stipulation is
38、 mentioned within the items of these specifications, the CCITT Recommendations should be compulsory. 16 The single Arabic teleprinter a) The specifications of the single Arabic teleprinter are identical to those of the bilingual teleprinter except for non-existence of the Latin letters, the directio
39、n of printing, and the format of the answerback. b) The single Arabic teleprinter should be convenient to be operated on the same international telex network as the bilingual teleprinter and should also be convenient to exchange Arabic texts with a bilingual teleprinter in the Arabic mode. 6 S serie
40、s Supplement 1 (11/1988) c) The single Arabic teleprinter should have both Latin and Arabic answerback. The principles of design of these answerbacks are identical to those applied in the design of the answerbacks of the bilingual teleprinter, except for the sign (=) which is substituted by the sign
41、 (:) (combination No. 3 high). d) At the beginning of the communication and before transmitting the combinations group of changing to Arabic, the Latin answerback is applied. e) The single Arabic teleprinter uses the same combinations dedicated for changing from Latin to Arabic and vice versa. A sep
42、arate key is dedicated for each. Pressing such a key induces automatically the generation, and transmission of the appropriate group. Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2003 SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, cla
43、ssification Series C General telecommunication statistics Series D General tariff principles Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and netwo
44、rks Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series I Integrated services digital network Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals Series K Protection against interference Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and
45、other elements of outside plant Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Series O Specifications of measuring equipm
46、ent Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks Series Q Switching and signalling Series R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment Series T Terminals for telematic services Series U Telegraph switching Series V Data communication over the telephone network Series X Data networks and open system communications Series Y Global information infrastructure and Internet protocol aspects Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems
