1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T X.402TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/1999) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS Message Handling Systems Information technology Message Handling Systems (MHS) Overall Architecture ITU-T Recommendation X.402 ITU-T X-SE
2、RIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECT
3、ION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Confo
4、rmance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of ser
5、vice X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management Communication Service and Protocol X.710X.719 Structure of Management Information X.720X.729 Management fu
6、nctions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU
7、-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 10021-2 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.402 Information technology Message Handling Systems (MHS) Overall Architecture Summary This Recommendation | International Standard contains Directory Attribute and Object Class definitions, some new and the rema
8、inder revised to use the new X.500 Recommendations. The ASN.1 has been fully revised to use the new X.680 and X.880 Recommendations. Numerous defect corrections are incorporated. This Recommendation | International Standard also contains enhancements on international registration authority, use of I
9、SO/IEC 10646 characters in OR-addresses, protected change credentials and use of 1997 Directory. Source The ITU-T Recommendation X.402 was approved on 18 June 1999. The identical text is also published as ISO/IEC International Standard 10021-2. Following ITU-T decision to publish new editions of the
10、 set of Message Handling Recommendations, this edition of ITU-T Rec. X.402 consolidates X.402 (11/1995), X.402 Technical Corrigendum 1 (08/1997) and X.402 Amendment 1 (12/1997). ii ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized a
11、gency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwi
12、de basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WT
13、SC Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication adminis
14、tration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicabi
15、lity of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had/had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to imple
16、ment this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prio
17、r written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) iii CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 3 2.1 Open Systems Interconnection 3 2.2 Directory Systems . 4 2.3 Message Handling Systems. 4 2.4 Country Codes. 5 2.5 Network Addresses . 5 2.6 Language Code . 5 2.
18、7 Character Sets . 5 3 Definitions 5 3.1 Open Systems Interconnection 5 3.2 Directory Systems . 6 3.3 Message Handling Systems. 7 4 Abbreviations . 7 5 Conventions 7 5.1 ASN.1 7 5.2 Grade. 7 5.3 Terms 7 SECTION 2 ABSTRACT MODELS . 8 6 Overview 8 7 Functional Model . 8 7.1 Primary Functional Objects.
19、 8 7.1.1 The Message Handling System. 9 7.1.2 Users . 9 7.1.3 Distribution Lists. 9 7.2 Secondary Functional Objects. 9 7.2.1 The Message Transfer System 10 7.2.2 User Agents. 10 7.2.3 Message Stores 10 7.2.4 Access Units 10 7.3 Tertiary Functional Objects. 11 7.3.1 Message Transfer Agents 11 7.4 Se
20、lected AU Types 11 7.4.1 Physical Delivery 11 7.4.2 Telematic. 11 7.4.3 Telex . 12 8 Information Model . 12 8.1 Messages . 12 8.2 Probes 13 8.3 Reports 13 9 Operational Model 13 9.1 Transmittal 13 9.2 Transmittal Roles 14 9.3 Transmittal Steps. 15 9.3.1 Origination 15 9.3.2 Submission 16 9.3.3 Impor
21、t 16 9.3.4 Transfer. 16 9.3.5 Export 16 9.3.6 Delivery. 16 9.3.7 Retrieval 16 9.3.8 Receipt 17 iv ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) Page 9.4 Transmittal Events 17 9.4.1 Splitting. 17 9.4.2 Joining. 17 9.4.3 Name Resolution. 18 9.4.4 DL Expansion . 18 9.4.5 Redirection 18 9.4.6 Conversion 18 9.4.7 Non-deliv
22、ery . 18 9.4.8 Non-affirmation 18 9.4.9 Affirmation . 18 9.4.10 Routing 19 10 Security Model . 19 10.1 Security Policies 19 10.2 Security Services. 19 10.2.1 Origin Authentication Security Services. 20 10.2.2 Secure Access Management Security Service. 21 10.2.3 Data Confidentiality Security Services
23、 . 21 10.2.4 Data Integrity Security Services 22 10.2.5 Non-Repudiation Security Services 23 10.2.6 Message Security Labelling Security Service. 23 10.2.7 Security Management Services . 23 10.3 Security Elements 24 10.3.1 Authentication Security Elements. 24 10.3.2 Secure Access Management Security
24、Elements 25 10.3.3 Data Confidentiality Security Elements 26 10.3.4 Data Integrity Security Elements 26 10.3.5 Non-repudiation Security Elements 27 10.3.6 Security Label Security Elements . 27 10.3.7 Security Management Security Elements 27 10.3.8 Double Enveloping Technique 27 10.3.9 Encoding for E
25、ncryption and Hashing 27 SECTION 3 CONFIGURATIONS . 27 11 Overview 27 12 Functional Configurations 28 12.1 Regarding the Directory 28 12.2 Regarding the Message Store 28 13 Physical Configurations 28 13.1 Messaging Systems . 29 13.1.1 Access Systems. 30 13.1.2 Storage Systems 30 13.1.3 Access and St
26、orage Systems . 30 13.1.4 Transfer Systems. 30 13.1.5 Access and Transfer Systems 30 13.1.6 Storage and Transfer Systems. 30 13.1.7 Access, Storage, and Transfer Systems. 30 13.2 Representative Configurations 30 13.2.1 Fully Centralized. 30 13.2.2 Centralized Message Transfer and Storage. 31 13.2.3
27、Centralized Message Transfer. 31 13.2.4 Fully Distributed . 31 14 Organizational Configurations . 31 14.1 Management Domains 31 14.1.1 Administration Management Domains . 32 14.1.2 Private Management Domains 32 14.2 Representative Configurations 32 14.2.1 Fully Centralized. 32 14.2.2 Directly Connec
28、ted . 32 14.2.3 Indirectly Connected . 32 ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) v Page 15 The Global MHS 32 SECTION 4 NAMING, ADDRESSING, AND ROUTING. 33 16 Overview 33 17 Naming. 34 17.1 Directory Names . 34 17.2 OR-Names. 34 18 Addressing 34 18.1 Attribute Lists . 35 18.2 Character Sets . 35 18.3 Standard At
29、tributes 36 18.3.1 Administration-domain-name . 37 18.3.2 Common-name 37 18.3.3 Country-name 37 18.3.4 Extension-postal-OR-address-components . 38 18.3.5 Extension-physical-delivery-address-components 38 18.3.6 Local-postal-attributes. 38 18.3.7 Network-address . 38 18.3.8 Numeric-user-identifier. 3
30、8 18.3.9 Organization-name 38 18.3.10 Organizational-unit-names 39 18.3.11 Pds-name 39 18.3.12 Personal-name. 39 18.3.13 Physical-delivery-country-name . 39 18.3.14 Physical-delivery-office-name 39 18.3.15 Physical-delivery-office-number. 39 18.3.16 Physical-delivery-organization-name 39 18.3.17 Phy
31、sical-delivery-personal-name 39 18.3.18 Post-office-box-address. 40 18.3.19 Postal-code 40 18.3.20 Poste-restante-address. 40 18.3.21 Private-domain-name 40 18.3.22 Street-address 40 18.3.23 Terminal-identifier 40 18.3.24 Terminal-type 40 18.3.25 Unformatted-postal-address 40 18.3.26 Unique-postal-n
32、ame 41 18.4 Attribute List Equivalence 41 18.5 OR-Address Forms 41 18.5.1 Mnemonic OR-Address 42 18.5.2 Numeric OR-Address 42 18.5.3 Postal OR-Address 43 18.5.4 Terminal OR-Address . 43 18.5.5 Determination of Address Forms 44 18.6 Conditional Attributes. 44 19 Routing. 44 SECTION 5 USE OF THE DIREC
33、TORY . 45 20 Overview 45 21 Authentication 45 22 Name Resolution 46 23 DL Expansion. 46 24 Capability Assessment . 46 SECTION 6 OSI REALIZATION 47 25 Overview 47 vi ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) Page 26 Application Service Elements 47 26.1 The ASE Concept 47 26.2 Symmetric and Asymmetric ASEs 48 26.3 M
34、essage Handling ASEs. 49 26.3.1 Message Transfer 49 26.3.2 Message Submission . 49 26.3.3 Message Delivery 49 26.3.4 Message Retrieval. 49 26.3.5 Message Administration 50 26.4 Supporting ASEs. 50 26.4.1 Remote Operations 50 26.4.2 Reliable Transfer. 50 26.4.3 Association Control. 50 27 Application
35、Contexts 50 SECTION 7 ABSTRACT SERVICE DEFINITION CONVENTIONS 51 28 Overview 51 29 Components of the Abstract Model 51 29.1 Abstract Objects 51 29.2 Abstract Contracts. 51 29.3 Connection Packages 52 29.4 Abstract Ports 52 29.5 Abstract Operations and Abstract Errors. 52 30 ROS Realization. 52 Annex
36、 A Directory Object Classes and Attributes 54 A.1 Object Classes. 54 A.1.1 MHS Distribution List. 54 A.1.2 MHS Message Store 54 A.1.3 MHS Message Transfer Agent 54 A.1.4 MHS User . 55 A.1.5 MHS User Agent. 55 A.2 Attributes. 55 A.2.1 MHS Acceptable EITs 55 A.2.2 MHS Deliverable Classes . 56 A.2.3 MH
37、S Deliverable Content Types 56 A.2.4 MHS DL Archive Service. 56 A.2.5 MHS DL Members 56 A.2.6 MHS DL Policy 56 A.2.7 MHS DL Related Lists 57 A.2.8 MHS DL Submit Permissions. 57 A.2.9 MHS DL Subscription Service 57 A.2.10 MHS Exclusively Acceptable EITs. 57 A.2.11 MHS Maximum Content Length. 57 A.2.1
38、2 MHS Message Store Directory Name. 57 A.2.13 MHS OR-Addresses 58 A.2.14 MHS OR-Addresses with Capabilities 58 A.2.15 MHS Supported Attributes 58 A.2.16 MHS Supported Automatic Actions . 58 A.2.17 MHS Supported Content Types 58 A.2.18 MHS Supported Matching Rules 59 A.2.19 MHS Unacceptable EITs. 59
39、A.3 Attribute Syntaxes. 59 A.3.1 DL Submit Permission 59 A.3.2 DL Policy 60 A.3.3 OR-Address. 62 A.3.4 OR-Address with Capabilities. 62 A.3.5 OR-Name 63 ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) vii Page A.4 Contexts 63 A.4.1 DL Administrator Annotation . 63 A.4.2 DL Nested DL. 64 A.4.3 DL Reset Originator 64 A.5
40、Certificate Subject Alternative Names 64 A.5.1 MTA Name . 64 Annex B Reference Definition of Object Identifiers . 65 Annex C Reference Definition of Directory Object Classes and Attributes 67 Annex D Security Threats 74 D.1 Masquerade . 74 D.2 Message Sequencing . 74 D.3 Modification of Information
41、75 D.4 Denial of Service. 75 D.5 Repudiation . 76 D.6 Leakage of Information. 76 D.7 Other Threats. 76 Annex E Provision of Security Services in ITU-T Rec. X.411 | ISO/IEC 10021-4. 77 Annex F Representation of OR-Addresses for Human Usage. 78 F.1 Purpose 78 F.2 Scope. 78 F.3 Format . 78 F.3.1 Genera
42、l 78 F.3.2 Labelled format. 79 F.3.3 Self-explanatory format 81 F.4 User Interface 81 Annex G Use of OR-Addresses by Multinational Organizations 83 G.1 Addressing principles 83 G.2 Example configurations. 84 G.2.1 Multiple Independent PRMDs 84 G.2.2 A single PRMD, named from a “home“ country. 84 G.2
43、.3 A single PRMD with multiple country and domain names. 85 G.3 Alias OR-addresses . 86 Annex H Use of Protected Passwords for Message Store Access . 87 Annex I Differences Between ISO/IEC 10021-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.402 90 Annex J Summary of Changes to Previous Editions . 91 J.1 Differences between IS
44、O/IEC 10021-2:1990 and CCITT Rec. X.402 (1992) 91 J.2 Differences between CCITT Rec. X.402 (1992) and ITU-T Rec. X.402 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10021-2:1996 . 91 J.3 Differences between ITU-T Rec. X.402 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10021-2:1996 and ITU-T Rec. X.402 (1999) | ISO/IEC 10021-2:1999 91 Annex K Index. 92 vii
45、i ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) Introduction This Specification is one of a set of Recommendations | International Standards for Message Handling. The entire set provides a comprehensive blueprint for a Message Handling System (MHS) realized by any number of cooperating open systems. The purpose of an
46、MHS is to enable users to exchange messages on a store-and-forward basis. A message submitted on behalf of one user, the originator, is conveyed by the Message Transfer System (MTS) and subsequently delivered to the agents of one or more additional users, the recipients. Access units (AUs) link the
47、MTS to communication systems of other kinds (e.g., postal systems). A user is assisted in the preparation, storage, and display of messages by a user agent (UA). Optionally, he is assisted in the storage of messages by a message store (MS). The MTS comprises a number of message transfer agents (MTAs
48、) which collectively perform the store-and-forward message transfer function. This Specification specifies the overall architecture of the MHS and serves as a technical introduction to it. This Specification was developed jointly by ITU-T and ISO/IEC. It is published as common text as ITU-T Rec. X.4
49、02 | ISO/IEC 10021-2. ISO/IEC 10021-2:2003 (E) ITU-T Rec. X.402 (06/1999) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION Information technology Message Handling Systems (MHS) Overall Architecture SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Scope This Recommendation | International Standard defines the overall architecture of the MHS and serves as a technical introduction to it. Other aspects of Message Handling are specified in other Recommendations | parts of ISO/IEC 100
