1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU X.601 (O 3/2 O 00) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COM MUN ICATIONS OS1 networking and system aspects - Networking Mu It i-peer commun cat ions framework ITU-T Recommendation X.601 (Previously CCITT R
2、ecommendation) ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities Interfaces Transmission, signalling and switching Network aspects Maintenance Administrative arrangements OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation Service de
3、finitions Connection-mode protocol specifications Connectionless-mode protocol specifications PICS proformas Protocol Identification Security Protocols Layer Managed Objects Conformance testing INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General Satellite data transmission systems MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS DIRECTO
4、RY OS1 NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS X. 1-X. 19 X.20-X.49 X.50-X.89 X.90-X. 149 X.150-X.179 X.180-X.199 X.200-X.209 X.210-X.219 X.220-X.229 X.230-X.239 X.240-X.259 X.260-X.269 X.270-X.279 X.280-X.289 X.290-X.299 X.300-X.349 X.350-X.3 99 X.400-X.499 X.500-X.599 Networking X.600LX.629 Efficiency Quali
5、ty of service Naming, Addressing and Registration Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.l) OS1 MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture Management Communication Service and Protocol Structure of Management Information Management functions and ODMA functions SECURITY OS1 APPLICATIONS Comm
6、itment, Concurrency and Recovery Transaction processing Remote operations OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.630-X. 63 9 X.640-X.649 X.650-X.679 X.680-X. 699 X.700-X.709 X.7 1 O-X.7 19 X.720-X.729 X.730-X.799 X.800-X.849 X.850-X.859 X.860-X.879 X.8 80-X. 8 99 X.900-X.999 For further details, please refer
7、 to ITU-T List of Recommendations. Series A Series B Series C Series D Series E Series F Series G Series H Series I Series J Series K Series L Series M Series N Series O Series P Series Q Series R Series S Series T Series U Series V Series X Series Y Series Z ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS SERIES Organizatio
8、n of the work of the ITU-T Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification General telecommunication statistics General tariff principles Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Non-telephone telecommunication services Transmission systems and medi
9、a, digital systems and networks Audiovisual and multimedia systems Integrated services digital network Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals Protection against interference Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant TMN
10、and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Specifications of measuring equipment Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line n
11、etworks Switching and signalling Telegraph transmission Telegraph services terminal equipment Terminals for telematic services Telegraph switching Data communication over the telephone network Data networks and open system communications Global information infrastructure and Internet protocol aspect
12、s Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems circuits, Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2000 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.601 MULTI-PEER COMMUNICATIONS FRAMEWORK Summary This Recommendation provides the basic framework to specify services and protocols for multi-peer communications
13、. It also defines the basic concepts of group and various aspects of group communication, which are needed to specify specific services and protocols for multi-peer communications. Source ITU-T Recommendation X.601 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 7 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resol
14、ution No. 1 procedure on 31 March 2000. Recommendation X.601 (03/2000) i FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU
15、-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for s
16、tudy by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the nece
17、ssary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to
18、the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others out
19、side of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent t
20、he latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writ
21、ing from the ITU. 11 Recommendation X.601 (03/2000) CONTENTS Page 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scope Normative references 2.1 Identical Recommendations I International Standards Definitions and abbreviations . 3.1 Terms defined in the OS1 Ba
22、sic Reference Model 3.2 Abbreviations defined in the OS1 Basic Reference Model 3.3 Abbreviations defined in this Recommendation . Notation Description of multi-peer 5.1 Definitions . 5.2 Description Group descriptions 6.1 Definitions . 6.2 Descriptions 6.3 Group characteristics . 6.4 Naming and addr
23、essing . 6.5 Active Group Integrity (AGI) . 6.7 Synchronization . Model of multi-peer communications . 7.1 Group Association (GA) . 7.2 Group Connection . 7.3 Relationship among GA, GC and Groups . Quality of Service (QoS) 8.1 Levels of QoS agreement 8.2 QoS negotiation . Phases of multi-peer commun
24、ication 9.1 Multicast-group creation phase . 9.2 Registrationlde registration phase . 9.3 Enrollmentlde-enrollment phase . 9.4 Activationdeactivation . 9.5 Data transfer phase 6.6 Ordering Recommendation X.601 (03/2000) . 111 Recommendation X.601 MULTI-PEER COMMUNICATIONS FRAMEWORK 1 Scope This Reco
25、mmendation addresses the basic concepts needed to specify services and protocols for multi-peer communications. It defines the related terminology, and proposes a framework for the future development of multi-peer services and protocols. Multi-peer is limited to the service view of communication amo
26、ng more than two participants, and multi-peer communication presents a mode of operation that supports exchanges between more than two service-users. Multicast data transmission is defined as a transmission of the same data unit from one sender to a set of receivers in a single invocation of a servi
27、ce. 2 Normative references The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subj
28、ect to revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. 2.1 Identical Recommendation
29、s I International Standards - ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1994) I ISOIIEC 7498-1:1994, Informution technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: the Basic Model. ITU-T Recommendation X.214 (1995) I ISOIIEC 8072: 1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Trans
30、port service definition. - - ITU-T Recommendation X.605 (1998) I ISOIIEC 13252: 1999, Information technology - Enhanced Communications Transport Service definition. ITU-T Recommendation X.641 (1997) I ISOIIEC 13236:1998, Information technology - Qualily of Service - Framework. - 3 Definitions and ab
31、breviations This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 Terms defined in the OS1 Basic Reference Model This Recommendation builds on the concepts developed in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISOIIEC 7498-1 and makes use of the following terms defined in that Recommendation: a) (NI-entity b) (NI-layer c)
32、 (NI-protocol d) (NI-service e) (NI-service-access-point f) (NI-service user g) (NI-subsystem Recommendation X.601 (03/2000) 1 3.2 This Recommendation builds on the concepts developed in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1 and makes use of the following abbreviations defined in that Recommendation: a)
33、 (N)-SAP b) SDU c) PDU d) CEP Abbreviations defined in the OS1 Basic Reference Model 3.3 Abbreviations defined in this Recommendation The terms and definitions are found in the subclauses in which they are defined. 4 Notation Layers are described in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1. And (N)-, (N+l)
34、-, and (N-1)- notation is used to identify and relate adjacent layers: - (N)-layer: any specified layer - (N+1)-layer: the next higher layer - (N-1)-layer: the next lower layer This notation is also used for other concepts in this Recommendation which are related to these layers, for example (N)-pro
35、tocol, (N+ 1)-service. When referring to a layer by name, the (N)-, (N+l)-, (N-1)- are replaced by the names of the layer, for example transport-protocol, network-service, etc. 5 Description of multi-peer 5.1 Definitions 5.1.1 5.1.2 users. multi-peer: A service view of communication among more than
36、two participants. multi-peer communication: A mode of operation that supports exchanges between more than two service- 5.1.3 single invocation of a service. 5.1.4 transferring data, which is established by the (N)-layer. 5.1.5 (N)-group-connection-end-point (GCEP): A terminator at one end of an (N)-
37、group-connection. 5.1.6 (N)-group-association (GA): A cooperative relationship among (N)-entity-invocations. In an (N)-connection- mode service, the establishment of an (N)-group-association shall be a set of (N)-group-connections, which has a cooperative relationship among the entities in the next
38、higher or above layers. An (N)-GA may contain one or more (N)-GCs in it. multicast transmission: A transmission of the same data unit from a single source to multiple destinations in a (N)-group-connection (GC): A multicast connection established among (N)-service users for the purpose of 5.1.7 syst
39、em. (N)-group-association-end-point (GAEP): A terminator at one end of an (N)-group-association within an end 5.2 Description For information to be exchanged among (N)-service users, an (N)-group-connection is established among them in the (N)-layer using an (N)-protocol. A set of (N)-group-connecti
40、ons may be formed to an (N)-group-association by the entities in the next higher or above layers. The rules and formats of an (N)-protocol are instantiated in an (N)-subsystem by an (N)-entity. An (N)-entity may support one or more (N)-protocols. 2 Recommendation X.601 (03/2000) (N)-entities when su
41、pporting multi-peer communication maintain the binding of (N)-group-connections to the appropriate (N)-service users at the appropriate (N)-SAPS. 6 Group descriptions The concepts of groups presented here are applied to modeling components of multi-peer communication, which are: group application, g
42、roup session, group association, and group connection. 6.1 Definitions The concept of group allows defining a set of entities as a virtual single entity. One of the main reasons to create a group, is the possibility to name and address all group members with a single name, a single address, or unifi
43、ed characteristics of group communications, called respectively, group-name, group-address, or group-characteristics. 6.1.1 (N)-group: A set of (N)-service users using (N)-service. 6.1.2 (N)-multicast group: A set of (N)-service users that abide by appropriate (N)-group-membership criteria, or a set
44、 of rules for belonging to a group able to utilize-(N)-multicast services. To each (N)-multicast group, an (N)-group name is assigned. The (N)-group-name and the rule defining the (N)-multicast group are known, but it may not be feasible to determine all (N)-service users that satisfy the rule. Note
45、 that (N)-multicast service can be provided by (N)-entities or (N-1) services. 6.1.3 (N)-registered group: A set of (N)-multicast group members, which has expressed implicitly or explicitly to the (N)-group manager that they have the intention to be a member of (N)-enrolled-group. (N)-Group manager
46、collects peer names and addresses of (N)-registered group members. Though it may not be possible for any (N)-service user to determine the members of the (N)-registered group, it may be possible for a certain (N)-service user to determine the members of the (N)-registered group and keep the list of
47、those members. 6.1.4 (N)-enrolled group: A set of (N)-registered group members to which an (N)-group address is assigned. An (N)-enrolled group is actually in the position to be reached by means of an (N)-group address. A member of an (N)-enrolled group can also be reached by its individual address.
48、 In connection mode service, an (N)-group-connection is established among (N)-enrolled group members. 6.1.5 satisfying the group-characteristics requirements. (N)-active group: A set of (N)-enrolled group members that has entered the multicast data transfer phase, 6.2 Descriptions The use of the gen
49、eric term, group and the qualified terms such as multicast-group defines a hierarchy of group types. The most general group type is the (N)-multicast group and consists of the (N)-service users that abide by the (N)-group- membership criteria. The criteria may be defined by means of a set of rules or by more arbitrary means such as a list. The (N)-group-membership criteria may include, (N)-group-name(s), the list(s) of (N)-group members addresses, proposed (N)-group-characteristics, and so on, depending on the hierarchy in which the group is located. An (N)-multicast group is identified by
