1、STD-ITU-T RECMN X-b5O-ENGL L99b = Li8b257L 0b23057 b78 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU X.650 (I 0/96) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM CO M M U N I CATI O N OS1 networking and system aspects - Naming, Addressing and Registration Info
2、rmation technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: Naming and addressing ITU-T Recommendation X.650 (Previously “CCITT Recommendation”) ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATION PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS X. 1-X. 199 X. 1-X. 19 Services and faciliti
3、es Interfaces X.20-X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50-X.89 Network aspects X.90-X. 149 Maintenance x. 150-x. 179 Administrative arrangements X.180-X.199 OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION X.200-X.299 Model and notation X.200-X.209 Service definitions X.2 10-X.219 Connection-mode protocol spec
4、ifications X.220-X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specification X.230-X.239 PICS proformas X.240-X.259 Protocol Identification X.260-X.269 Security Protocols X.270-X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280-X.289 Conformance testing X.290-X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS X.300-X.399 General I X.300-X.34
5、9 X.350-X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400-X.499 DIRECTORY X.500-X.599 Satellite data transmission systems Networking X.600-X.629 Efficiency X.630-X.649 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) X.680-X.699 OS1 MANAGEMENT X.700-X.799 Systems Management framework and architecture X.700-X.709 Management
6、 Communication Service and Protocol X.7 10-X.719 Structure of Management Information X.720-X.729 Management functions X.730-X.799 SECURITY X.800-X.849 OS1 APPLICATIONS X.850-X.899 Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850-X.859 Transaction processing X.860-X.879 Remote operations X.880-X.899 OPEN D
7、ISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900-X.999 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. STD-ITU-T RECMN X-b5O-ENGL L99b m VBb259L Ob230bL 22b m FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The IT Telec
8、ommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the IT. Some 179 member countries, 84 telecom operating entities, 145 scientific and industrial organizations and 38 international organizations participate in IT-T which is the body which sets world telecommunications standards (Re
9、commendations). The approval of Recommendations by the Members of IT-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1 (Helsinki, 1993). In addition, the World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, approves Recommendations submitted to it a
10、nd establishes the study programme for the following period. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessaty standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. The text of IT-T Recommendation X.650 was approved on 5th of October 1996. The identi
11、cal text is also published as ISOAEC International Standard 7498-3. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. O ITU 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication
12、may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing om the ITU. ITU-T Rec. X.650 (1996 E) i STD-ITU-T RECMN Xmb5O-ENGL L77b LiAb257L Ob230b2 lb2 CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 2.1
13、 Identical Recommendations 1 Intemational Standards 1 2.2 Paired Recommendations I International Standards equivalent in technical content 1 2.3 Additional references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations . 4 5 Basic Concepts of Naming . 5 6 OS1 naming and addressing concepts and the correct use of addr
14、esses . 6.1 The naming of real open systems 5 The naming and addressing of elements of an (N)-layer 6.3 The correct use of +addresses 6 5 6 6.2 7 OS1 addressing model 7 7.1 Associations between peer )-entities . 7 7.2 Attachment of (N)-entities to )-SAPS . 7 7.3 (N)-addresses and (N)-SAPS . 8 7.4 (N
15、)-Directory-Functions and Directory Facilities 9 . 8 Addressing information and )-services 9 8.1 Introduction . 9 8.2 Address parameters . 9 8.3 Called-(N)-address 10 8.4 Calling-i)-address . t 10 8.5 Responding-)-address . 11 9 Addressing information and (N)-protocols 11 9.1 Introduction . 11 9.2 A
16、ddressing information in )-PAI 11 9.3 Assignment of values to elements of (N)-PAI 12 9.4 Network-Addresses and Network-PAI . 12 9.5 )-Addresses and )-PAI above the Network Layer 12 9.6 Obtaining )-PAI 13 10 (N)-directory-functions 13 10.1 Introduction . 13 10.2 The initiator (N)-directory-functions
17、14 10.3 The recipient (N)-directory-functions . 15 11 Addressing in specific OS1 layers Application-processes and the Application Layer 11.2 Presentation Layer 1 1.4 Transport Layer . 1 1.5 Network Layer 11.7 Physical Layer . Naming domains and authorities 1 1.1 1 1.3 Session Layer 1 1.6 Data Link L
18、ayer 12 15 15 17 18 18 19 21 22 22 13 Registration procedures for naming within OS1 23 . 14 Directory Facility requirements 23 14.1 Introduction . 23 14.2 The Application Title Directory Facility 23 14.3 The Network Address Directory Facility 24 . 11 ITU-T Rec. X.650 (1996 E) Summary This Recommenda
19、tion 1 International Standard provides the architectural principles for identification (naming) and location (addressing) of objects for the purpose of interconnection within the Open System Interconnection Environment (OSIE). Introduction This Recommendation 1 International Standard extends the bas
20、ic architectural concepts of identifiers described in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISOOEC 7498-1. This Recommendation 1 International Standard states the architectural principles which are followed in the production of any Recommendation I International Standard which involves the identification (naming) and
21、location (addressing) of objects for the purpose of interconnection within the Open System Interconnection Environment (OSIE). This Recommendation I International Standard has sufficient flexibility to accommodate advances in technology and expansion in user demands. This flexibility is also intende
22、d to allow the phased transition from existing implementations to OS1 Standards. NOTE 1 - This Recommendation I International Standard is expected to be subject to future expansion, in particular with regard to Multi-Peer Data Transmission (MPDT). The architectural principles stated within this Reco
23、mmendation I International Standard will ensure that any IT-TRecommendation that involves the identification and location of objects within the OSIE for the purpose of interconnection will: a) Avoid any restrictions on: 1) the functionality that may be made available through current or future Recomm
24、endations I international Standards; the functionality of any real open system; 2) I 3) Preserve the pnnciple.of layer independence in the OSIE, i.e. the internal functioning of one layer is not constrained by any other layer. Preserve the principle of implementation independence in the OSIE, as exp
25、ressed in 4.2 of IT-T Rec. X.200 I ISODEC 7498-1. That is, no real open system (or administrator thereof) is required to know anythmg about the implementation design of any other real open system (or administration thereof), nor does any real open system impose such knowledge as a condition for comm
26、unication using OS1 Standards. Allow economical support for interconnection within the OSIE; in particular individual standards produced within the framework specified by this Recommendation I International Standard should make it possible to provide facilities which give adequate levels of performa
27、nce, reliability, and integrity and which ease the administration by humans with respect to identiQing and locating objects within the OSIE for the purpose of interconnection. the internal design of any real open system. b) c) d) The description of naming and addressing for the OSIE given in this Re
28、commendation I International Standard is developed in stages. NOTE 2 - This Recommendation I International Standard provides clarifications of the basic architecture defined in IT-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1 where this is necessary for a full understanding of the naming and addressing requirements
29、 within the OSIE. . ITU-T Rec. X.650 (1996 E) 111 STD-ITU-T RECMN XBbSO-ENGL L77b 48b257L Ob230b4 T35 = STDmITU-T RECMN X-b50-ENGL 377b I 4862573 Ob230bC 773 I JSOAEC 7498-3 : 1997 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION - BASIC REFERENCE
30、 MODEL: NAMING AND ADDRESSING 1 Scope This Recommendation I International Standard: a) b) defines general mechanisms for the use of names and addresses to identi and locate objects in the OSIE; and defines the use of these mechanisms within the layered structure of the Basic Reference Model. This Re
31、commendation 1 International Standard extends the concepts and principles defined in ITU-T Rec.X.200 I ISOAEC 7498-1. This Recommendation I Intemational Standard is not intended to be either an implementation specification or a basis for appraising the conformance of actual implementations. The spec
32、ific form of names and addresses is not within the scope of this Recommendation I International Standard. 2 Normative references The following ITU-T Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation I In
33、ternational Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation I International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent ed
34、ition of the Recommendations I International Standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardizatipn Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Identical Recommendations
35、I International Standards - ITU-T Recommendation X.25 (1996) I ISO/IEC 8208: 1995, Interface between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) for terminals operating in the packet mode and connected to public data networks by dedicated circuit. ITU-T Recommendation
36、X.200 (1994) I ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model. ITU-T Recommendation X.207 (1993) I ISOAEC 9545:1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Application Layer structure. ITU-T Recommendation X.210 (1
37、993) 1 ISO/IEC 1073 1:1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: Conventionsfor the definition of OSI services. ITU-T Recommendation X.213 (1995) I ISOAEC 8348:1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Network service definition. ITU-T Re
38、commendation X.224 (1995) 1 ISOiEC 8073:( 1997), Informution technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for providing the connection-mode transport service. - - - - - 2.2 Paired Recommendations I International Standards equivalent in technical content - ITU-T Recommendation X.700 (1 992),
39、Management Framework for Open System Interconnection (OSI) for CCIT Applications. ISOAEC 7498-4: 1989, Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model - Part 4: Management fiamework. - 2.3 Additional references - ISOAEC 9545: 1989, Information technoIo# - Open S
40、ystems Interconnection - Application Layer structure. ITU-T Rec. X.650 (1996 E) 1 STD-ITU-T RECMN Xmb5O-ENGL L77b qb257L Ob230bb 08 ISO/IEC 7498-3 : 1997 (E) 3 Definitions 3.1 This Recommendation International Standard makes use of the following terms defined in ISOAEC 9545: a) application-process-t
41、ype; b) application-process-invocation. This Recommendation 1 International Standard makes use of the following terms defined in IT-T a) (N)-service-request-primitive; b) (N)-service-indication-primitive; c) (N)-service-response-primitive; d) (N)-service-confirm-primitive. This Recommendation 1 Inte
42、rnational Standard makes use of the following term defined in ITU-T Rec. X.2 13 1 - subnetwork point of attachment. 3.4 For the purposes of this Recommendation I International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.4.1 +address: A name unambiguous within the OSIE which is used to identifj a se
43、t of (N)-service-access- points which are all located at a boundary between an (N)-subsystem and an (N + 1)-subsystem in the same open system. NOTES 1 This definition of )-address is different from that in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1. This definition is the definitive one and will be moved to
44、ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1 to replace the existing definition when ITU-T Rec. X.200 1 ISODEC 7498-1 is revised. A name is unambiguous within a given scope when it identifies one, and only one, object within that scope. Unambiguity of a name does not preclude the existence of synonyms. 3.4.2 (
45、N)-address-selector; )-selector: An element of addressing information that identifies a set of (N)-SAPS which are all in the same (N)-subsystem; an (N)-selector value is assigned by the local administration. NOTE -The concept of (N)-address-selectors only applies above the Network Layer 0-associatio
46、n: A cooperative relationship among (N)-entity-invocations. NOTE - This may be formed by the exchange of (N)-protocol-control-information. 3.4.4 calling-(N)-address: A parameter which may appear in an (N)-service request or indication primitive and which identifies the (N)-address at the (N)-initiat
47、or. NOTE - In the service definition of a particular layer, such a parameter may be referred to either as a “calling-(N)-address” or “source-address”. Throughout this Specification, however, only the term “calling-(N)-address” is used. 3.4.5 called-(N)-address: A parameter which may appear in an (N)
48、-seniice request or indication primitive which identifies the (N)-address at the 0-recipient. NOTE - in the service definition of a particular layer, such a parameter may be referred to either as a “called-i)-address” or “destination-address”. Throughout this Recommendation 1 International Standard,
49、 however, only the term “called-(N)-address” is used. 3.2 Rec. X.210 I ISO/IEC 10731: 3.3 ISOAEC 8348: 2 1 3.4.3 3.4.6 descriptive name: A name that identifies a set of one or more objects by means of a set of assertions concerning the properties of the objects of the set. 3.4.7 (N)-directory-function: An (N)-function that processes (N)-addresses, (N - 1)-addresses, (N)-entity-titles, and (N)-PAI to provide mappings among these categories of information. 3.4.8 (N)-entity: An active element within an )-subsystem embodying a set of capabilities defined for the
