1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T X.675 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2015) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY OSI networking and system aspects Naming, Addressing and Registration OID-based resolution fra
2、mework for heterogeneous identifiers and locators Recommendation ITU-T X.675 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects
3、X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protoc
4、ol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X
5、.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management communica
6、tion service and protocol X.710X.719 Structure of management information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applicati
7、ons of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.1599 CLOUD COMPUTING SE
8、CURITY X.1600X.1699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) i Recommendation ITU-T X.675 OID-based resolution framework for heterogeneous identifiers and locators Summary In Internet of things (IoT) environments, many different identifiers (
9、IDs) from various resources could be created and used. It could be difficult to unite all the existing IDs, but some systems could provide interoperability among heterogeneous IDs. As an effective solution, an integrated resolution framework for a set of existing IDs is provided. Recommendation ITU-
10、T X.675 analyses requirements, such as ID independence, ID separation, compatibility, uniqueness, tolerance, stability and security. The general architecture for the object identifier (OID)-based resolution framework is specified with several scenarios. These scenarios show how to operate the resolu
11、tion framework for heterogeneous IDs and locators (LOCs). It should be noted that this is one means of achieving interoperability, and other methods of operation are possible with other IDs and/or resolution systems. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T X.675 2015
12、-05-29 17 11.1002/1000/12475 Keywords Heterogeneous identifiers, identification, object identifiers, resolution framework. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/hand
13、le.itu.int/11.1002/1000/ 11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (
14、ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every fou
15、r years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the
16、 necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. H
17、owever, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negat
18、ive equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use
19、 of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation,
20、 ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu
21、.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Ter
22、ms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Considerations on a resolution framework between heterogeneous identifiers/locators 2 7 Requirements for resolution framework for heterogeneous identifiers/locators 4 7.1 Support of independence from the existing
23、identifiers operation 4 7.2 Support of both identifiers and locators separately 4 7.3 Support of the heterogeneous existing identifiers 4 7.4 Guarantee uniqueness of the existing identifiers 4 7.5 Support of new identifiers 5 7.6 Support of fault tolerance and stability 5 7.7 Support of end-to-end i
24、dentification 5 7.8 Support of authentication and authorization . 5 8 OID-based resolution framework for heterogeneous identifiers/locators 5 8.1 General architecture 5 8.2 Registration of object identifiers, identifiers and locators 6 8.3 Scenarios of resolution framework for heterogeneous IDs and
25、LOCs . 8 Appendix I Scenario of assigning OIDs directly to end devices as IDs . 11 I.1 ID/LOC/OID registration procedure for end devices . 11 I.2 Scenario where a gateway exists 11 Bibliography. 13 Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) 1 Recommendation ITU-T X.675 OID-based resolution framework for heterogeneo
26、us identifiers and locators 1 Scope This Recommendation includes the following items: overview of the object identifier (OID)-based resolution framework for heterogeneous identifiers (IDs)/locators (LOCs); requirements for a heterogeneous ID/LOC resolution framework; OID-based resolution service sce
27、narios for heterogeneous IDs/LOCs. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and othe
28、r references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The ref
29、erence to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T X.672 Recommendation ITU-T X.672 (2010) | ISO/IEC 29168-1:2011, Information technology Open systems interconnection Object identifier resolution system (ORS). ITU-T Y.20
30、15 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2015 (2009), General requirements for ID/locator separation in NGN. ITU-T Y.2022 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2022 (2011), Functional architecture for the support of host-based separation of node identifiers and routing locators in next generation networks. ITU-T Y.2057 Recommend
31、ation ITU-T Y.2057 (2011), Framework of node identifier and routing locator separation in IPv6-based next generation networks. ITU-T Y.3001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3001 (2011), Future networks: Objectives and design goals. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the followi
32、ng terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 identifier (ID) b-ITU-T Y.2091: An identifier is a series of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify subscriber(s), user(s), network element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.
33、g., physical or logical objects). Identifiers can be used for registration or authorization. They can be either public to all networks, shared between a limited number of networks or private to a specific network (private IDs are normally not disclosed to third parties). 3.1.2 Internet of things (Io
34、T) b-ITU-T Y.2060: A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. 2 Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of
35、 identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision wit
36、h technological and societal implications. 3.1.3 locator (LOC) ITU-T Y.2015: A locator is the network layer topological name for an interface or a set of interfaces. LOCs are carried in the IP address fields as packets traverse the network. 3.1.4 OID resolution process ITU-T X.672: Process which pro
37、vides information associated with an OID. 3.1.5 OID resolution system (ORS) ITU-T X.672: Implementation of the OID resolution process. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following term: 3.2.1 identifier registry (ID registry): An ID registry is a database of ide
38、ntifiers and locators (LOCs), which are assigned to nodes in a local network. ID registry servers return a corresponding LOC when an identifier is given as an input value. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: DNS Domain Name System FN Future
39、 Network ID Identifier IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 LOC Locator NGN Next-Generation Network OID Object Identifier ORS OID Resolution Server TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 5 Conventions None. 6 Considerations on a res
40、olution framework between heterogeneous identifiers/locators In IoT b-ITU-T Y.2060 environments, many different IDs from various resources could be created and used. It could be difficult to unite all the existing IDs, but some systems could provide interoperability among the heterogeneous IDs. As a
41、n effective solution, an integrated resolution framework for a set of existing IDs is provided as shown in Figure 1. Firstly, ITU-T Y.3001 recommends that future networks (FNs) provide a new identification structure, defining new IDs that would identify communication objects, which efficiently suppo
42、rt the new communication paradigms Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) 3 in FNs. The new identification infrastructure can unify the different types of IDs; however, this approach would be costly and time consuming. Secondly, another approach is an integrated resolution framework for all the existing IDs. Th
43、is approach will be more effective in terms of cost and time because the existing IDs do not have to be modified. Figure 1 Necessity of solutions for heterogeneous ID/LOC resolution framework Typically, when new IDs are created and used, they are independently managed and used until they are unified
44、 into one ID. However, it is recommended to support a uniform resolution service for heterogeneous IDs rather than to unify heterogeneous IDs. This is the reason why the OID-based resolution framework for heterogeneous IDs is necessary. In addition, currently used Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)
45、and Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses actually imply both IDs and LOCs. However, IDs in next-generation networks (NGNs) are separated from LOCs according to ITU-T Y.2015. Therefore, the framework should consider ID/LOC separation (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Comparison between conventional IP
46、 architecture and new ID/LOC separation architecture ITU-T Y.2015 Lastly, the framework should consider the problems which could happen when the heterogeneous IDs are integrated into an open network. Even though there are two different identification schemes, both schemes can create the same ID as s
47、hown in Figure 3. In this case, there is no way to distinguish between the two nodes even if they have different ID schemes. Thus, the ID commonality problem is the phenomenon that two or more devices have the same ID but identification schemes are all 4 Rec. ITU-T X.675 (05/2015) different. For thi
48、s reason, when the heterogeneous IDs are integrated into an open network, solutions are required to identify them (as shown in Figure 3). Figure 3 ID commonality problem 7 Requirements for resolution framework for heterogeneous identifiers/locators The uniform resolution framework for heterogeneous
49、IDs shall address the following requirements. 7.1 Support of independence from the existing identifiers operation The framework should not influence the operation of the existing ID, such as operating procedures, structures, protocols, and so on. Therefore, the use of existing IDs shall not require any modification to the framework to provide resolution services. 7.2 Support of both identifiers and locators separately ITU-T Y.2022 and ITU-T Y.2057 specif
