1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T X.906 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2014) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY Open distributed processing Information technology Open distributed processing Use of UML for
2、ODP system specifications Recommendation ITU-T X.906 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.
3、150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X
4、.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND
5、SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management communication service and protoco
6、l X.710X.719 Structure of management information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899
7、OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.1599 CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY X.1600X.1699 For
8、further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.906 (10/2014) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19793 RECOMMENDATION ITU-T X.906 Information technology Open distributed processing Use of UML for ODP system specifications Summary Rec. ITU-T X.906 | ISO/IEC 19793 define
9、s use of the Unified Modelling Language (UML 2.4.1 Superstructure Specification, ISO/IEC 19505-2, for expressing system specifications in terms of the viewpoint specifications defined by the reference model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP, Rec. ITU-T X.901 to X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746 Parts 1 to
10、4) and the Enterprise Language (Rec. ITU-T X.911 | ISO/IEC 15414). It covers: a) the expression of a system specification in terms of RM-ODP viewpoint specifications using defined Unified Modeling Language (UML) concepts and extensions (e.g., structuring rules, technology mappings, etc.); b) relatio
11、nships between the resultant RM-ODP viewpoint specifications. This Recommendation | International Standard refines and extends the definition of how open distributed processing (ODP) systems are specified by defining the use of the Unified Modelling Language for the expression of ODP system specific
12、ations. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T X.906 2007-11-13 17 11.1002/1000/9261 1.1 ITU-T X.906 (2007) Cor.1 2009-10-29 17 11.1002/1000/10244 2.0 ITU-T X.906 2014-10-07 17 11.1002/1000/12152 _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ i
13、n the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T X.906 (10/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunicati
14、ons, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunication
15、s on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure lai
16、d down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunica
17、tion administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mand
18、atory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws a
19、ttention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or ot
20、hers outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represe
21、nt the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.906 (10/2014)
22、 iii CONTENTS Page 0.1 RM-ODP . v 0.2 UML v 0.3 Overview and motivation vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards 1 2.2 Additional References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Definitions from ODP standards . 2 3.2 Definitions from the Enterprise Language 2
23、3.3 Definitions from the Unified Modeling Language 2 4 Abbreviations . 3 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview of modelling and system specification approach . 4 6.1 Introduction . 4 6.2 Overview of ODP concepts (extracted from RM-ODP Part 1) . 4 6.3 Overview of UML concepts 8 6.4 Universes of discourse, ODP s
24、pecifications and UML models . 10 6.5 Modelling concepts and UML profiles for ODP viewpoint languages and correspondences . 11 6.6 General principles for expressing and structuring ODP system specifications using UML 11 6.7 Correspondences between viewpoint specifications . 12 7 Enterprise specifica
25、tion 13 7.1 Modelling concepts . 13 7.2 UML profile 19 7.3 Enterprise specification structure (in UML terms) 28 7.4 Viewpoint correspondences for the enterprise language . 29 8 Information specification 30 8.1 Modelling concepts . 30 8.2 UML profile 32 8.3 Information specification structure (in UML
26、 terms) . 34 8.4 Viewpoint correspondences for the information language 35 9 Computational specification . 36 9.1 Modelling concepts . 36 9.2 UML profile 41 9.3 Computational specification structure (in UML terms). 47 9.4 Viewpoint correspondences for the computational language 47 10 Engineering spe
27、cification . 48 10.1 Modelling concepts . 48 10.2 UML profile 56 10.3 Engineering specification structure (in UML terms) . 62 10.4 Viewpoint correspondences for the engineering language 62 11 Technology specification 63 11.1 Modelling concepts . 63 11.2 UML profile 63 11.3 Technology specification s
28、tructure (in UML terms) . 64 11.4 Viewpoint correspondences for the technology language . 65 12 Correspondences specification . 65 12.1 Modelling concepts . 65 12.2 UML profile 66 13 Modelling conformance in ODP system specifications 67 13.1 Modelling conformance concepts . 67 iv Rec. ITU-T X.906 (1
29、0/2014) Page 13.2 UML profile 67 14 Conformance and compliance to this Recommendation | International Standard 68 14.1 Conformance . 68 14.2 Compliance . 68 Annex A An example of ODP specifications using UML 69 A.1 The Templeman Library system 69 A.2 Enterprise specification in UML . 70 A.3 Informat
30、ion specification in UML 83 A.4 Computational specification in UML 91 A.5 Engineering specification in UML 96 A.6 Technology specification in UML 107 Annex B An example of the representation of deontic concepts 111 B.1 The scenario 111 B.2 Expressing the deontic constraints 112 INDEX 117 Rec. ITU-T
31、X.906 (10/2014) v Introduction The rapid growth of distributed processing has led to the adoption of the reference model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP), which provides a coordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It creates an architecture within wh
32、ich support of distribution, interworking and portability can be integrated. This architecture provides a framework for the specification of ODP systems. The reference model of open distributed processing is based on precise concepts derived from current distributed processing developments and, as f
33、ar as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. It does not recommend any notation. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was developed by the Object Management Group (OMG). It provides a notation for modelling in support of information system design
34、and is widely used throughout the IT industry as the language and notation of choice. This Recommendation | International Standard refines and extends the definition of how ODP systems are specified by defining the use of the unified modelling language for the expression of ODP system specifications
35、. 0.1 RM-ODP The RM-ODP consists of: Part 1 Rec. ITU-T X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1: Overview, which contains a motivational overview of ODP, giving scoping, justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of the ODP architecture. It contains explanatory material on how the RM-ODP is to be
36、interpreted and applied by its users, who may include standards writers and architects of ODP systems. It also contains a categorization of required areas of standardization expressed in terms of the reference points for conformance identified in Rec. ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. This part is info
37、rmative. Part 2 Rec. ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2: Foundations, which contains the definition of the concepts and analytical framework for normalised description of (arbitrary) distributed processing systems. It introduces the principles of conformance to ODP standards and the way in which they are
38、 applied. This is only to a level of detail sufficient to support Rec. ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 and to establish requirements for new specification techniques. This part is normative. Part 3 Rec. ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3: Architecture, which contains the specification of the required chara
39、cteristics that qualify distributed processing as open. These are the constraints to which ODP standards shall conform. It uses the descriptive techniques from Rec. ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. This part is normative. Part 4 Rec. ITU-T X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4: Architectural semantics, which contai
40、ns a formalization of the ODP modelling concepts defined in Rec. ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 clauses 8 and 9. The formalization is achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of one or more of the different standardized formal description techniques. This part is normative. In
41、 the same series as the RM-ODP are a number of other standards and recommendations, and, of these, the chief that concerns this Recommendation | International Standard is: The Enterprise Language Rec. ITU-T X.911 | ISO/IEC 15414, which refines and extends the enterprise language defined in Rec. ITU-
42、T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 to enable full enterprise viewpoint specification of an ODP system. 0.2 UML The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a visual language for specifying and documenting the artefacts of systems. It is a general-purpose modelling language that can be used with all major object a
43、nd component methods and that can be applied to all application domains (e.g., in health, finance, telecommunications, or aerospace) and implementation platforms (e.g., J2EE, CORBA, .NET). The version of UML currently adopted as an International Standard (ISO/IEC 19505) is UML 2.4.1. UML version 2 h
44、as been structured modularly, with the ability to select only those parts of the language that are of direct interest. It is extensible, so it can be easily tailored to meet the specific user requirements. The UML specification defines thirteen types of diagram, divided in two categories that repres
45、ent, respectively, the static structure of the objects in a system (structure diagrams) and the dynamic behaviour of the objects in a system (behaviour diagrams). In addition, UML incorporates extension mechanisms that allow the definition of new dialects of UML (managed using UML profiles) to custo
46、mize the language for particular platforms and domains. vi Rec. ITU-T X.906 (10/2014) The UML specification is defined using a metamodelling approach (i.e., a metamodel is used to specify the model that comprises UML). That metamodel has been constructed so that the resulting family of UML languages
47、 is fully aligned with the rest of the OMG specifications (e.g., MOF, OCL, XMI) and to allow the exchange of models between tools. 0.3 Overview and motivation Part 3 of the reference model, Rec. ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 defines a framework for the specification of ODP systems comprising a) five
48、 viewpoints, called enterprise, information, computational, engineering and technology, which provide a basis for the specification of ODP systems; b) a viewpoint language for each viewpoint, defining concepts and rules for specifying ODP systems from the corresponding viewpoint. This Recommendation
49、 | International Standard defines: use of the viewpoints prescribed by the RM-ODP to structure UML system specifications; rules for expressing RM-ODP viewpoint languages and specifications with UML and UML extensions (e.g., UML profiles). It allows UML tools to be used to process viewpoint specifications, facilitating the software design process. Currently there is growing interest in the use of UML for system modelling. However, there is no widely
