1、 STDDITU-T RECMN Y.100-ENGL 1998 m 48b2591 Ob52504 982 D ON UNION NTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICAT ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMAT General ON Y.100 (06i98) NFRASTRUCTURE General overview of the Global Information Infrastructure standards development ITU-T R
2、ecommendation Y. I O0 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) STDmITU-T RECMN Y.100-ENGL 1998 = 4862593 Ob52505 419 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE II General Y.100-Y.199 II Services, applications and rniddleware Y .200-Y .299 Network aspects Interfaces and protocols Numbe
3、ring, addressing and naming Operation, administration and rnaintainance Security Y .30O-Y.399 Y .400-Y .499 Y. 500-Y. 599 Y.600-Y.699 Y.700-Y.799 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. - STD-ITU-T RECMN Y.100-ENGL 1998 W qBb259L Ob5250b 755 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION Y.100 GEN
4、ERAL OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT Summary This Recommendation provides an overview of the nature of the Global Information Infiastructure (GII). It outlines the environment and the related factors which need to be taken into account in progressing the GI1 s
5、tandardization work. Source ITU-T Recommendation Y.100 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 13 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on the 1st of June 1998. Keywords Global Information Infrastructure, GII, standards, standardization, overview. STDmITU-T RECMN Y-LOO-ENG
6、L 1998 Y86259L 0652507 691 FOREWORD Iw (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, opera
7、ting and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their
8、turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative
9、 basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementa
10、tion of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process.
11、 As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongl
12、y urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITLJ. 11 Recommendation Y.100 (06/
13、98) 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 CONTENTS Page 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 8 Introduction Purpose . Global collaboration . The goals of the Global Information Infrastructure (GII) Abbreviations . Driving forces . The new environment . Digitalization Value chain model
14、s and business opportunities . General considerations . Integration and convergence . Accommodation of existing and future technologies . Accommodation of applications . GI1 trends and directions Networking considerations . Information technology considerations Common generic capabilities . General
15、considerations . Standards objectives . Business coupling . Seamless operation . Partnerships Joint work . Cross-industry interfaces Common GI1 models Role of ITU-T . Framework of Recommendations . 2 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 . Recommendation Y.100 (06/98) 111 Recommendation Y.100 GENERAL OVERVIEW O
16、F THE GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT (Geneva, 1998) 1 Introduction This Recommendation provides an overview of the Global Information Infrastructure standards developments. It is intended to be a practical, educational and insightful guide for leaders and participants in GII
17、-related standardization. 1.1 Purpose This Recommendation is intended to be used as a planning tool by everyone considering the development or adoption of standards for use in the GII. Its use is not restricted solely to the ITU organizations. 1.2 Global collaboration The word “global“ is of critica
18、l importance. It is not desirable, or logical, to speak of more than one global infrastructure since, by definition, everything lies within a singular global infrastructure. It follows that the respective roles of the various participants in the GI1 have to be described in common documents that all
19、participating parties understand. Collaboration between the various participants can best be achieved on the basis of consistent programme documents, comn positioning documents, and agreed or non-conflicting basic GI1 terms and definitions. 1.3 The ITU-T is seeking to ensure that the GI1 will be an
20、infrastructure which facilitates the development, implementation and interoperability of existing and future information services and applications within and across the telecommunications, information technology, consumer electronics and content provision industries. This infrastructure will consist
21、 of interactive, broadcast and other multimedia delivery mechanisms coupled with capabilities for individuals to securely share, use and manage information, anytime and anywhere, with security and privacy protection, and with levels of acceptable cost and quality. The GI1 will provide for interopera
22、bility between a multiplicity of applications and different platforms through a seamless federation of interconnected computers and communications capabilities incorporating line-fed (e.g. copper pair, fibre, coax) and wireless (e.g. satellite and fixedmobile terrestrial radio) connectionless or con
23、nection-oriented technologies. The areas of application must remain unrestricted and are practically unlimited. Current areas of application are expected to include electronic commerce, telemedicine, city information services, intelligent transportation systems, distance learning, electronic librari
24、es and museums, nomadicity (continuity of access in space and time) etc. The GI1 must be designed to: The goals of the Global Information Infrastructure (GII) enable information providers and users (e.g. individuals, information users, information providers, and information service providers) to com
25、municate securely with each other any time and anywhere at acceptable cost and with acceptable quality; provide a set of communication services; support a multitude of open applications; 0 Recommendation Y.100 (06/98) 1 _ STDeiTU-T RECIIN Y.1OO-ENGL 1998 M 48b2591 Ob52510 LBb M embrace all forms of
26、information (audio, text, data, image, video, etc.), and of information operate in a transparent, user-friendly and straightforward way; provide seamless, interconnected and interoperable communication networks, information enable competition between the players in the information and telecommunicat
27、ions generation, use and transportation; processing equipment, databases and terminals (including TV sets); (including broadcasting) sectors. 2 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode CL Connectionless CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol CO
28、 Connection Oriented CORBA DCE Distributed Computing Environment DVD GI1 Global Information Infrastructure IP Internet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ITU-T ODP Open Distributed Processing os1 Open Systems Interconnection PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network QOS Quality of Servic
29、e SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDO Standards Development Organization SG Study Group WP Working Party Common Object Request Broker Architecture Digital Video Disk, Digital Versatile Disk International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector 3 Driving forces This claus
30、e outlines some of the key forces driving the evolution of the GII. 3.1 The new environment Two predominant factors distinguish a situation for the GI1 which is likely to be radically different from previous information infrastructures. These two factors are: a the convergence of technologies in use
31、 within telecommunications, computers, consumer electronics and the move of content provision industries towards digital technology; and 2 Recommendation Y.100 (06198) b) the new business opportunities, created by the unbundling of services made possible or necessary by deregulation, and other comme
32、rcial and/or open market pressures. 3.2 Digitalization Traditionally, networks have been designed with specific payloads in mind, e.g. voice, video or data. It is expected that digital networks will become general purpose carriers of streams of bits. In theory, this will enable any type of digital n
33、etwork to carry any and all types of information in digital format, such as voice, video or computer data. Moreover, the interconnection of different networks will be simplified. This will sweep away the restriction of video being carried on special purpose cable-TV networks, and the tradition of on
34、ly carrying telephone service over traditional telecommunication networks. All forms of information, including voice, data or videohmage, are simply reduced to streams of digital bits for transfer over a bit-way (or digital network). This represents a possible decoupling between networks and their p
35、ayloads. Thus, any network that is capable of carrying digital data is also capable of carrying any kind of digitized information. Conversely, any information that is captured in digital form is capable of being carried over any digital network. From this, one can envisage a good deal of role revers
36、al amongst the traditional carriers and suppliers of voice, data and videohmage based services. This role reversal represents an industry-wide paradigm shift and thus requires new ways of doing business, including the business of Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). The convergence and new mi
37、x of players potentially created by this situation has enormous implications for the operation of, and relationships between, the standards development organizations representing the traditional players. 3.3 The technological unbundling, created by the new environment briefly outlined in 3.1 above,
38、establishes many opportunities for new business(es) and standards-related developments. De-regulation in the telecommunications and broadcasting areas also plays a part in this scenario. De-regulation in many cases permits, or even forces, an unbundling of components and services. The main point to
39、be illustrated is that any link in a value chain model represents both a business opportunity and a requirement for standards-based interface. It follows, therefore, that the ITU-T in conjunction with other Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) must become closely involved in business developme
40、nts, to better understand their roles in the market place and its relationship to the other market players. Figure 1 shows a simple added-value chain model. In this model, a given product or service is progressively enhanced as it progresses from the initial supplier, through intermediate suppliers,
41、 to the end user. The following properties of an added-value chain are relevant to ITU-T standardization work: a) Every link and item in an added-value chain, from content to user or user to user, potentially represents a possible business opportunity. b) Every link in the chain establishes sufficie
42、nt demarcation points to facilitate potential separate ownership and operation to be realized within the context of the entire chain. c) a) and b) are sources of requirements for the definition of standards-based functions and/or interfaces. This model can be used to represent a competitive telecomm
43、unications and information provision environment, involving the interconnection of networks in parallel or in series, as well as systems which enhance or modi information content. Value chain models and business opportunities Recommendation Y.100 (06/98) 3 STD.ITU-T RECMN Y.100-ENGL 3998 9 4862593 O
44、b52532 T59 9 NOTE - More substantial, formal and detailed material on the subject of value chains and Enterprise Models subject can be found in Recommendation Y. 1 1 O, GI1 principles and framework architecture. Fi O,-JA ,-q service service / T131155-97 / Intermediate product or service Figure lN.lO
45、O - Added-value chain model 4 General considerations The following general aspects need to be considered. 4.1 Integration and convergence The GI1 must provide an evolutionary approach which allows the integration of current networks and technologies into an overall infrastructure as well as providin
46、g a direction for future network evolution. 4.2 The GI1 standards must support existing and future telecommunications, information technologies and entertainment services and applications including interactive, broadcast and multimedia capabilities, and will incorporate wire-based and radio-based te
47、chnologies such as copper pair, fibre, coax, satellite and terrestrial (fixed and mobile) radio. Accommodation of existing and future technologies 4.3 Accommodation of applications The GI1 standards must provide for interoperability and interconnection (both connectionless and connection oriented),
48、between a multiplicity of applications and different platforms (both software and hardware). The degree of interoperability and interconnection required is dependent on the individual business application areas. Typical areas include, for example: o telemedicine; o electronic commerce; o electronic
49、Publishing; a distance leaming/electronic libraries; teleworking (e.g. home office and “on-the-road“ applications); gaming. Different types of application may have significantly different Quality of Service requirements. To illustrate this point the following rough guide to QOS categories is provided. The descriptions are not intended to be definitions and are only provided to show the need to consider various QOS 4 Recommendation Y.100 (06/98) STDmITU-T RECMN Y.100-ENGL L99B = 48b2591 Ob52513 995 aspects. Some applications may require a mixture or combination of these ca
