1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNIONITU-T Y.1001TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATION SECTOROF ITU(11/2000)SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREAND INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTSInternet protocol aspects GeneralIP framework A framework for convergence oftelecommunications network and IP networktechnolo
2、giesITU-T Recommendation Y.1001(Formerly CCITT Recommendation)ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONSGLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTSGLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREGeneral Y.100Y.199Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299Network aspects Y.300Y.399Interfaces and proto
3、cols Y.400Y.499Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699Security Y.700Y.799Performances Y.800Y.899INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTSGeneral Y.1000Y.1099Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource managemen
4、t Y.1200Y.1299Transport Y.1300Y.1399Interworking Y.1400Y.1499Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599Signalling Y.1600Y.1699Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799Charging Y.1800Y.1899For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.ITU-T Y.1001 (1
5、1/2000) iITU-T Recommendation Y.1001IP framework A framework for convergence of telecommunicationsnetwork and IP network technologiesSummaryIn order to support the development of IP-related standards, this Recommendation identifies aframework to position the telecommunications aspects with respect t
6、o IP networks. This frameworkserves to identify and assist understanding the IP network issues, from the telecommunications pointof view, with respect to the provision of seamless services to the user between IP networks andtelecommunications networks in a convergence context.This Recommendation out
7、lines a number of general architectures involving a mix ofTelecommunication Network and Internet Protocol (IP) Network technologies. In thisRecommendation, IP, the Internet Protocol, is considered in its role as a protocol purely associatedwith transporting connectionless packets.SourceITU-T Recomme
8、ndation Y.1001 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 13 (2001-2004) and approvedunder the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 24 November 2000.ii ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000)FOREWORDThe International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field oftelecommunications. The ITU T
9、elecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ ofITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendationson them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.The World Telecommunication Standardization
10、Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years,establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on thesetopics.The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.In some areas of information technology whi
11、ch fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards areprepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.NOTEIn this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both atelecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
12、RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation mayinvolve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence,validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by IT
13、U members or othersoutside of the Recommendation development process.As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors arecautioned that this may
14、not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult theTSB patent database. ITU 2001All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissi
15、on in writing from ITU.ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000) iiiCONTENTSPage1 Introduction 12 Scope and terms of reference 12.1 Scope 12.2 Terms of reference 23 References (Informative) 23.1 ITU-T 23.2 IETF 24 Definitions 35 Abbreviations . 36 General framework for an IP network 46.1 General model 46.2 Application
16、 (or Service) Model for IP Networks Architecture . 56.3 System (or functions) model for IP networks architecture 56.3.1 Functions division on entities plane for system model . 66.3.2 Functions division on logical plane for system model 66.3.3 End-to-end considerations. 86.4 Technology model for IP n
17、etwork architecture 107 Basic architectural principles 107.1 Principle 1 vertical relationship. 117.2 Principle 2 horizontal relationship. 117.3 Recursion128 Basic reference models. 128.1 Layered protocol model 128.2 General protocol reference model potential U-, C- and M-plane relationships 139 IP
18、network overlay architecture 1410 Use of specific telecommunication bearers 1510.1 Use of a telecommunication bearer service between IP routers. 1610.1.1 IP on ATM 1610.1.2 IP on SDH . 1610.1.3 IP on frame relay. 1610.1.4 IP on leased lines. 1610.1.5 IP on WDM . 1610.1.6 IP on satellite (VSAT or TV
19、data channels) . 16iv ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000)Page10.2 Use of a telecommunication bearer service to access an IP network . 1610.2.1 Use of circuit switched network 1610.2.2 Use of PSDN/frame relay 1710.2.3 Use of ATM/B-ISDN 1710.2.4 Use of xDSL bitstreams 1710.2.5 Use of leased lines. 1710.2.6 Use of
20、satellite (VSAT or TV data channels) . 1710.2.7 Other access mechanisms 1711 Interworking within the underlying telecommunication infrastructure 1812 Telephony service interworking . 1812.1 General considerations . 1812.2 Interworking functions . 2012.2.1 C-plane aspects 2012.2.2 U-plane aspects . 2
21、012.2.3 M-plane aspects. 2112.3 Interworking gateway architecture . 2113 Native IP services interworking with services defined in ITU-T Recommendations 22ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000) 1ITU-T Recommendation Y.1001IP framework A framework for convergence of telecommunicationsnetwork and IP network technologi
22、es1 IntroductionIn order to support the development of IP-related standards, this Recommendation identifies aframework to position the telecommunications aspects with respect to IP networks. This frameworkserves to identify and assist understanding the IP network issues, from the telecommunications
23、pointof view, with respect to the provision of seamless services to the user between IP networks andtelecommunications networks in a convergence context.This Recommendation outlines a number of general architectures involving a mix ofTelecommunication Network and Internet Protocol (IP) Network techn
24、ologies. In thisRecommendation, IP, the Internet Protocol, is considered in its role as a protocol purely associatedwith transporting connectionless packets.2 Scope and terms of reference2.1 ScopeThe scope of this Recommendation includes:a) the basic horizontal and vertical architectural principles
25、that will be encountered incombining IP and telecommunications technologies in a variety of ways;b) a generic protocol reference model and its application to an mixed IP/Telecommunicationenvironment;c) architectures for the use of the IP over telecommunications transport technologies;d) other archit
26、ectures involving the convergence, co-existence, or interworking between IPtechnologies and other telecommunications technologies.NOTE This framework will cover both the integrated and non-integrated cases. Initially, it may beenvisaged that the IP and non-IP technologies will co-exist separately, a
27、nd/or only loosely coupled.Ultimately, it is envisaged that IP and non-IP (telecommunication) technologies will be converged into asingle, optimally integrated IP telecommunication architecture.The scope embraces three possible types of scenarios involving networks and services based onITU-T Recomme
28、ndations, IETF RFCs/STDs, or other IP standards1:e) ITU-T and ITU-R defined transport capabilities used to carry IP;f) the use of IP to transport higher layer information whose semantics are defined in ITU-TRecommendations;_1Produced by a recognized standards development organization.2 ITU-T Y.1001
29、(11/2000)g) services2arising from standards defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), orother recognized bodies, that are to be interworked with those defined in ITU-TRecommendations for the purposes of achieving seamless end-to-end user service.Cases f) and g) are particular examples o
30、f scope item d) above.2.2 Terms of referenceThe types of architecture described in this Recommendation are functional in nature, covering thefollowing aspects:a) general architectural concepts;b) service/protocol layering;c) service interworking; andd) integration.3 References (Informative)The follo
31、wing ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, throughreference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, theeditions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision;users of this Recommen
32、dation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currentlyvalid ITU-T Recommendations is published regularly.3.1 ITU-T ITU-T H.225.0 (2000), Call signalling protocols and media st
33、ream packetization for packet-based multimedia communication systems. ITU-T H.245 (2000), Control protocol for multimedia communications. ITU-T H.248 (2000), Gateway control protocol. ITU-T H.323 (2000), Packet-based multimedia communications systems. ITU-T I.555 (1997), Frame relaying Bearer servic
34、e interworking.3.2 IETFRFC 791 Internet Protocol.RFC 1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).RFC 1662 PPP in HDLC-like Framing.RFC 2225 Classical IP and ARP over ATM.RFC 2327 SDP: Session Description Protocol.RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5.RFC 2427 Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay._2In this Recomm
35、endation the word “service“ is used in two different ways according to the context. It issometimes used in the architectural sense, as the abstract representation of features offered by a horizontalinterface, or by a vertical (layer) interface. Alternatively, the word service is sometimes used in a
36、moregeneral sense, say to represent a particular telecommunications service, such the “telephone service“defined by E-series Recommendations.ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000) 3RFC 2543 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol.RFC 2615 PPP over SONET/SDH.RFC 2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5.
37、RFC 2458 Toward the PSTN/Internet Inter-networking.4 DefinitionsThis Recommendation defines the following terms:4.1 IP Service, IP Network Service: A data transmission service in which the data that istransferred across the interface between the user and provider is in the form of IP (Internet Proto
38、col)packets (sometimes called datagrams). The IP (Network) Service includes the service provided byusing the IP Transfer Capabilities.4.2 IP Network3(or IP Layer Network): A network in which IP is used as a layer protocol.4.3 IP Transfer Capability: The set of network capabilities provided by the In
39、ternet Protocol(IP) layer. It may be characterized by the traffic contract as well as performance attributes supportedby control and management functions of the underlying protocol layers. Examples of IP TransferCapability include basic best effort IP packet delivery and the capability provided by I
40、ntserv, andDiffserv framework defined by the IETF.4.4 IP Based Service: The functions, facilities and capabilities implemented and executed overthe IP Network Service. The IP based service utilizes the IP Transfer Capabilities offered by anetwork provider.4.5 Circuit Switched Network (CSN): A networ
41、k in which a fixed bandwidth channel isestablished for, and dedicated to the duration of a communication session. The PSTN is an exampleof a CSN, where a circuit is established for the duration of a telephone call.5 AbbreviationsAAL ATM Adaptation LayerAP Application ProtocolATM Asynchronous Transfe
42、r ModeB-ISDN Broadband ISDNCN Customer NetworkCRF Connection Related FunctionCSN Circuit Switched NetworkIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIN Intelligent NetworkINAP Intelligent Network Application ProtocolIP Internet Protocol_3The term “IP Network“ is distinct from, and should not be confused wit
43、h, the term “Internet“. Many IPnetworks exist, each operated by different owners. Generally, individual IP networks may differ in scopeand extent. They may be globally public (i.e. the Internet), totally private (i.e. with no open structure andwithout gateways to the Internet other private IP networ
44、ks) or combinations of public and private networks(e.g. a privately run IP network with gateways and access to the Internet, but not necessarily vice versa).4 ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000)ISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISP Internet Service ProviderIWU Interworking UnitLFC Local functional Capabili
45、tyLLC Lower Layer CapabilityN-ISDN Narrowband ISDNPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPhDH Photonic Digital HierarchyPOP Point of PresencePPP Point-to-Point ProtocolPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkQoS Quality of ServiceSCP Service Control PointSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySMS Service Manag
46、ement SystemSS7 Signalling System No. 7SSP Service Switching PointTE Terminal EquipmentTN Telecommunications NetworkUNI User Network InterfaceWDM Wave Division Multiplexing6 General framework for an IP networkThis clause outlines some very general high level aspects.6.1 General modelArchitecture for
47、 IP networks may consist of three parts, Application (or Service) Model, SystemModel and Technology Model. Relationships among the three parts for IP Networks Architectureare as shown in Figure 1.T1317280-00ApplicationModelUsers DemandsServicessupportCapabilityRequirementStandardizationRequirementTe
48、chnicalsupportTechnicalRequirementSpecifications supportSystemModelTechnologyModelFunctions andb) use of a telecommunication bearer service to access an IP network.Typically, the Internet does not draw a hard distinction between user-network and network-networkand intra-network in its use and choice
49、 of transmission bearer services. Thus, there may be little ifany difference between the use of a leased line within an IP network and for the access to an IPnetwork. Mostly, the difference lies in the policy (e.g. security, QoS) applied to routing andadmission control. For example, although most people think of PSTN/ISDN dial-up as a method foraccessing an IP network, there are cases in which PSTN/ISDN dial-up is used within an IP networkto interconnect two routers.16 ITU-T Y.1001 (11/2000)10.
