1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.2060TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2012) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Frameworks and functional architecture models Overview of the Inte
2、rnet of things Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfa
3、ces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities a
4、nd resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Framew
5、orks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399
6、 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Future networks Y.3000Y.3099 For further details, please refer to the l
7、ist of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 Overview of the Internet of things Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 provides an overview of the Internet of things (IoT). It clarifies the concept and scope of the IoT, identifies the fundamental characteristi
8、cs and high-level requirements of the IoT and describes the IoT reference model. The ecosystem and business models are also provided in an informative appendix. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T Y.2060 2012-06-15 13 Keywords Device, Internet of things, physical thing, ref
9、erence model, thing, virtual thing. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
10、 (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every f
11、our years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, t
12、he necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary.
13、 However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the neg
14、ative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the
15、use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendati
16、on, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/
17、www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.
18、2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Introduction of the IoT . 2 6.1 Concept of the IoT 2 6.2 Technical overview of the IoT . 3 7 Fundamental characteristics and high-level requirements of the IoT . 5 7.1 Fundamental characteristics . 5 7.2 High
19、-level requirements . 5 8 IoT reference model 6 8.1 Application layer 7 8.2 Service support and application support layer 7 8.3 Network layer . 7 8.4 Device layer 8 8.5 Management capabilities 8 8.6 Security capabilities 9 Appendix I IoT ecosystem and business models 10 I.1 Business roles . 10 I.2 B
20、usiness models . 11 Bibliography. 14 Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 Overview of the Internet of things 1 Scope This Recommendation provides an overview of the Internet of things (IoT) with the main objective of highlighting this important area for future standardization. M
21、ore specifically, this Recommendation covers the following: IoT-related terms and definitions concept and scope of the IoT characteristics of the IoT high-level requirements of the IoT IoT reference models. IoT ecosystem and business models-related information is provided in Appendix I. 2 References
22、 None. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following term defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 next generation network (NGN) b-ITU-T Y.2001: A packet-based network which is able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled trans
23、port technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent
24、 and ubiquitous provision of services to users. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 device: With regard to the Internet of things, this is a piece of equipment with the mandatory capabilities of communication and the optional capabilities o
25、f sensing, actuation, data capture, data storage and data processing. 3.2.2 Internet of things (IoT): A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communic
26、ation technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader
27、 perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.2.3 thing: With regard to the Internet of things, this is an object of the physical world (physical things) or the information world (virtual things), which is capable of being identified and integrate
28、d into communication networks. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: 2G Second Generation 3G Third Generation AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting CAN Controller Area Network DSL Digital Subscriber Li
29、ne FCAPS Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security ICT Information and Communication Technology IoT Internet of Things ITS Intelligent Transport Systems LTE Long Term Evolution NGN Next Generation Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Inter
30、net Protocol 5 Conventions None. 6 Introduction of the IoT 6.1 Concept of the IoT The Internet of things (IoT) can be perceived as a far-reaching vision with technological and societal implications. From the perspective of technical standardization, the IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure f
31、or the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies (ICT). Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities,
32、the IoT makes full use of “things“ to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE The IoT is expected to greatly integrate leading technologies, such as technologies related to advanced machine-to-machine communication, auto
33、nomic networking, data mining and decision-making, security and privacy protection and cloud computing, with technologies for advanced sensing and actuation. As shown in Figure 1, the IoT adds the dimension “Any THING communication“ to the information and communication technologies (ICTs) which alre
34、ady provide “any TIME“ and “any PLACE“ communication. Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) 3 Y.2060(12)_F01Any TIME communication- on the move- night- daytime- outdoor- indoor (away from the computer)- at the computerAny PLACE communication- between computers- human to human, not using a computer- human to t
35、hing, using generic equipment- thing to thingAny THING communicationFigure 1 The new dimension introduced in the Internet of things b-ITU Report Regarding the IoT, things are objects of the physical world (physical things) or of the information world (virtual world) which are capable of being identi
36、fied and integrated into communication networks. Things have associated information, which can be static and dynamic. Physical things exist in the physical world and are capable of being sensed, actuated and connected. Examples of physical things include the surrounding environment, industrial robot
37、s, goods and electrical equipment. Virtual things exist in the information world and are capable of being stored, processed and accessed. Examples of virtual things include multimedia content and application software. 6.2 Technical overview of the IoT Figure 2 shows the technical overview of the IoT
38、. Figure 2 Technical overview of the IoT A physical thing may be represented in the information world via one or more virtual things (mapping), but a virtual thing can also exist without any associated physical thing. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) A device is a piece of equipment with the mandatory
39、capabilities of communication and optional capabilities of sensing, actuation, data capture, data storage and data processing. The devices collect various kinds of information and provide it to the information and communication networks for further processing. Some devices also execute operations ba
40、sed on information received from the information and communication networks. Devices communicate with other devices: they communicate through the communication network via a gateway (case a), through the communication network without a gateway (case b) or directly, that is without using the communic
41、ation network (case c). Also, combinations of cases a and c, and cases b and c are possible; for example, devices can communicate with other devices using direct communication through a local network (i.e., a network providing local connectivity between devices and between devices and a gateway, suc
42、h as an ad-hoc network) (case c) and then communication through the communication network via a local network gateway (case a). NOTE 1 Although Figure 2 shows only interactions taking place in the physical world (communications between devices), interactions also take place in the information world
43、(exchanges between virtual things) and between the physical world and the information world (exchanges between physical things and virtual things). The IoT applications include various kinds of applications, e.g., “intelligent transportation systems“, “smart grid“, “e-health“ or “smart home“. The ap
44、plications can be based on proprietary application platforms, but can also be built upon common service/application support platform(s) providing generic enabling capabilities, such as authentication, device management, charging and accounting. The communication networks transfer data captured by de
45、vices to applications and other devices, as well as instructions from applications to devices. The communication networks provide capabilities for reliable and efficient data transfer. The IoT network infrastructure may be realized via existing networks, such as conventional TCP/IP-based networks, a
46、nd/or evolving networks, such as next generation networks (NGN) b-ITU-T Y.2001. Figure 3 shows the different types of devices and the relationship between devices and physical things. Y.2060(12)_F03Data capturingdeviceData carryingdeviceDatacarrierSensing/actuatingdeviceGeneral deviceCommunication n
47、etworksPhysicalthingPhysical thingPhysicalthingFigure 3 Types of devices and their relationship with physical things NOTE 2 A “general device“ is also a (set of) physical thing(s). The minimum requirement of the devices in the IoT is their support of communication capabilities. Devices are categoriz
48、ed into data-carrying devices, data-capturing devices, sensing and actuating devices and general devices as described as follows: Data-carrying device: A data-carrying device is attached to a physical thing to indirectly connect the physical thing with the communication networks. Data-capturing devi
49、ce: A data-capturing device refers to a reader/writer device with the capability to interact with physical things. The interaction can happen indirectly via data-carrying devices, or directly via data carriers attached to the physical things. In the first case, the data-capturing device reads information on a data-carrying device and can Rec. ITU-T Y.2060 (06/2012) 5 optionally also write information given by the communication networks on the data-carrying device. NOTE 3 Technologies used for interaction b
