1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.2063TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2012) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Frameworks and functional architecture models Framework of the web
2、 of things Recommendation ITU-T Y.2063 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces
3、and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and r
4、esource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks
5、 and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Net
6、work management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further details,
7、please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2063 Framework of the web of things Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2063 provides a framework of the web of things (WoT). As the use of various devices has become so widespread, it is difficult to
8、access data on these devices in a unified way. The WoT allows physical devices to be accessed as resources of both the web and services/applications based upon a web-based service environment, as well as through legacy telecommunications. This Recommendation describes the overview of the WoT and ide
9、ntifies the requirements to support the WoT. In addition, this Recommendation specifies the functional architecture including a deployment model for the WoT. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T Y.2063 2012-07-29 13 Keywords Web, web of things, WoT. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/
10、2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible fo
11、r studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T stud
12、y groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis
13、with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory pr
14、ovisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use o
15、f such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no po
16、sition concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, pro
17、tected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part
18、 of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Term defined in this Recommendation 2 4 Abbreviations and a
19、cronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview of the web of things 3 7 Requirements for the web of things 4 7.1 General requirements for the WoT . 4 7.2 Functional requirements for the WoT 5 8 Conceptual and deployment models of the web of things 5 8.1 Conceptual model . 5 8.2 Deployment models 7 9 Functiona
20、l architecture for the web of things . 8 9.1 Overview of the WoT architecture . 8 9.2 Functional architecture of the WoT broker 9 10 Security considerations . 13 Appendix I Use cases and scenarios of the web of things 14 I.1 Home control services using WoT . 14 Appendix II WoT broker service informa
21、tion flows 16 II.1 Service discovery 16 II.2 Service execution 17 II.3 Service composition . 18 II.4 Agent registration . 19 II.5 Service registration . 20 Bibliography. 22 Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2063 Framework of the web of things 1 Scope This Recommendation provides a
22、 framework of the web of things (WoT). The Recommendation covers the followings: overview of the WoT requirements to support the WoT deployment models of the WoT functional architecture for the WoT. This Recommendation demonstrates how physical devices can interact with web resources. This Recommend
23、ation also includes WoT use cases in Appendix I and information flows in Appendix II. The detailed web technology including the semantics and ontology is beyond the scope of this Recommendation. NOTE This Recommendation only addresses physical devices within a broad scope of “things“ ITU-T Y.2060. 2
24、 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision
25、; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Rec
26、ommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2002 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 (2009), Overview of ubiquitous networking and of its support in NGN. ITU-T Y.2060 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. 3 Definitions 3.
27、1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 client b-W3C WACterms: The role adopted by an application when it is retrieving and/or rendering resources or resource manifestations. 3.1.2 device b-W3C dig loss: An apparatus through which a user can pe
28、rceive and interact with the web. NOTE In the IoT, a piece of equipment with the mandatory capabilities of communication and the optional capabilities of sensing, actuation, data capture, data storage and data processing ITU-T Y.2060. 3.1.3 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.2060: A global infrastruct
29、ure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, process
30、ing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implication
31、s. 3.1.4 resource b-IETF RFC 3986: The term “resource“ is used in a general sense for whatever might be identified by a URI. NOTE Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a source of information with a consistent purpose (e.g., “todays weather report for Los Angeles“), a service (
32、e.g., an HTTP-to-SMS gateway), and a collection of other resources. A resource is not necessarily accessible via the Internet; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound books in a library can also be resources. Likewise, abstract concepts can be resources, such as the operators and operands of a m
33、athematical equation, the types of a relationship (e.g., “parent“ or “employee“), or numeric values (e.g., zero, one, and infinity). 3.1.5 server b-W3C WACterms: The role adopted by an application when it is supplying resources or resource manifestations. 3.1.6 the World Wide Web (WWW, or simply the
34、 web) b-W3C web arch: An information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). 3.1.7 thing ITU-T Y.2060: With regard to the Internet of things, this is an object of the physical world (physical thin
35、gs) or the information world (virtual things), which is capable of being identified and integrated into communication networks. 3.1.8 URI b-IETF RFC 3986: A simple and extensible means for identifying a resource. 3.1.9 user agent b-W3C dig loss: A client within a device that performs rendering. Brow
36、sers are examples of user agents, as are web robots that automatically traverse the web collecting information. 3.1.10 web resource b-W3C WACterms: A resource, identified by a URI, that is a member of the web core. 3.2 Term defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following ter
37、m: 3.2.1 Web of things (WoT): A way to realize the IoT where (physical and virtual) things are connected and controlled through the World Wide Web. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: FE Functional Entity HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol
38、ID Identifier IoT Internet of Things JINI Java Intelligent Network Infrastructure NGN Next Generation Network REST Representational State Transfer UPnP Universal Plug and Play URI Unique Resource Identifiers Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) 3 WoT Web of Things WWW World Wide Web 5 Conventions In this Rec
39、ommendation, The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. The keywords “can optionally“ indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without implying any
40、 sense of being recommended. This term is not intended to imply that the vendors implementation must provide the option and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and still claim conformance with
41、the specification. 6 Overview of the web of things From the perspective of the creation of applications, the development of applications that run on top of physical devices is a difficult process that requires expert knowledge and time. In this context, many efforts are being veered towards networki
42、ng to devices. There are a number of solutions to expose the functionality of devices upon which to build applications; for example, JINI and UPnP are a set of open protocols for allowing devices to collaborate in a peer-to-peer fashion. However physical devices are still dedicated to particular sys
43、tems/applications. They cannot be controlled and managed without using dedicated protocol and proprietary interfaces due to the following reasons: a lack of interoperability across open and proprietary platforms: there are many hardware platforms, operating systems, databases, middleware and applica
44、tions. Many heterogeneous networks: they cannot exchange content and information easily. Different data type: All systems worldwide have their own data representation formats and it is difficult to ensure compatibility between them. The Internet of things (IoT) tries to find a way interconnecting th
45、ings based on interoperable information and communication technologies. Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst maintaining the required privacy ITU-T
46、Y.2060. Although the WoT has a similar viewpoint to the IoT, the WoT is intended so that physical devices can be accessed as resources of the web and services/applications can be provided based upon a web-based service environment as well as legacy telecommunications. The World Wide Web (WWW) is use
47、d as a platform to deliver services to an end-user, the web enables business entities and applications to intercommunicate openly with each other over a network. The web has program language independent properties, uses message driven communications and easily bounds to different transport protocols
48、. As a result, web technology allows the exposure of physical devices as resources on the web using a WoT approach. Therefore, users can interact with the devices using web interfaces. The WoT can provide capabilities of device reusability, portability across several heterogeneous networks and acces
49、sibility based on web with web standards. Figure 6-1 shows the general concept of WoT. The physical devices are mapping the services into the web and those are considered as web resources so that service developers and/or service providers can easily create web applications for the physical devices. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2063 (07/2012) Figure 6-1 General concept of the web of things 7 Requirements for the web of things This clause specifies the requirements to support the WoT. The req
