1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (02/2016) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Next Generatio
2、n Networks Frameworks and functional architecture models Semantics based requirements and framework of the Internet of things Recommendation ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THING
3、S AND SMART CITIES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799
4、 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Sign
5、alling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and se
6、rvice architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalize
7、d mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and use cases Y.4100Y.4249 Infrastructure, co
8、nnectivity and networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 For further details, please refer to the list of IT
9、U-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 Semantics based requirements and framework of the Internet of things Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 specifies the semantics based requirements and framework of the Internet of things (IoT) as a b
10、asis for further IoT semantics based standardization work, including semantic aspects for IoT services in different business domains, semantically enhanced IoT capabilities and others. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 2016-02-13 13 11.1002/1000/1
11、2705 Keywords Internet of things, semantics based capability framework, semantics based requirements. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000
12、/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a perm
13、anent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establi
14、shes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary stand
15、ards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Reco
16、mmendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents
17、are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed In
18、tellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not rec
19、eived notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/i
20、pr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms d
21、efined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Introduction to semantic technologies for the IoT 3 7 Semantics based use cases for IoT actors . 4 8 Semantics based requirements of the IoT . 5 8.1 General semantics based requirements for IoT 5 8.2 Semantics based r
22、equirements for IoT with respect to the IoT reference model 7 9 Semantics based capability framework of the IoT . 9 9.1 Overview 9 9.2 Application layer 12 9.3 SSAS layer 13 9.4 Network layer . 14 9.5 Device layer 14 9.6 Management capabilities 14 9.7 Security capabilities 15 Appendix I IoT applicat
23、ion scenarios using semantic technologies . 16 I.1 Semantics-enabled home automation . 16 I.2 Semantics enabled location-based service 17 Bibliography. 18 Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 Semantics based requirements and framework of the Internet of things 1 Sc
24、ope This Recommendation specifies the semantics based requirements and framework of the Internet of things (IoT). Taking into consideration the IoT reference model ITU-T Y.4000 and building on the common requirements of IoT ITU-T Y.4100, semantics based requirements are specified, including those re
25、lated to the four layers (application, service support and application support (SSAS), network, and device layer) and the management and security capabilities of the IoT reference model, as well as semantics based requirements across layers. Based on the identified IoT semantics based requirements a
26、nd existing semantic technologies, the semantics based capability framework of the IoT is specified. The scope of this Recommendation includes: introduction to semantic technologies for the IoT; semantics based use cases for IoT actors; semantics based requirements of the IoT; semantics based capabi
27、lity framework of the IoT. Appendix I provides IoT applications scenarios highlighting the value of semantic technologies in the IoT. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommen
28、dation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other reference
29、s listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.4000 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060 (2012), Overview of Internet
30、 of things. ITU-T Y.4100 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4100/Y.2066 (2014), Common requirements of the Internet of things. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.4000: A global infrastructure for the in
31、formation society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the Io
32、T makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) NOTE 2 In a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.1.
33、2 ontology b-ITU-T X.1570: An explicit specification of a conceptualization. 3.1.3 thing ITU-T Y.4000: With regard to the Internet of things, this is an object of the physical world (physical things) or the information world (virtual things), that is capable of being identified and integrated into c
34、ommunication networks. 3.1.4 semantics b-ITU-T Z.341: The rules and conventions governing the interpretation and assignment of meaning to constructions in a language. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 data model: A representation structur
35、e for data that can organize data as elements in the structure and standardize the meaning of data elements and their relationships. NOTE Data models usually use vocabularies to describe their data elements and data elements relationships. A semantic data model uses vocabularies complying with ontol
36、ogies. For more information, refer to http:/www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/. 3.2.2 data set: A collection of data that conforms to a particular data model. NOTE A semantic data set conforms to a semantic data model (it can be a collection of native semantic data or a collection of semantically ann
37、otated data). For more information, refer to http:/www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/. 3.2.3 IoT ontology: An ontology for the IoT that includes the union of ontologies for the different components of the IoT, including the relationships between these ontologies. NOTE 1 An important part of the IoT o
38、ntology concerns the ontologies for IoT devices and things. NOTE 2 The development of the IoT ontology is an evolving process that is expected to take into account new concepts as far as needed along its development. 3.2.4 query: Technology that can programmatically retrieve information from data se
39、ts. NOTE A semantic query uses semantic technologies to retrieve information from semantic data sets. For more information, refer to http:/www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ . 3.2.5 semantic description language: Language used to formally model and describe ontologies. For more information, refer to
40、http:/www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/. 3.2.6 vocabulary: The set of terms defined, classified and used to describe concepts and relationships of a particular area of concern. NOTE The word “ontology“ is used for a more complex and quite formal collection of terms, whereas “vocabulary“ is used when
41、 such strict formalism is not necessary. For more information, refer to http:/www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AL Application Layer DL Device Layer DM Device Management IoT Internet of Things NL Network
42、 Layer OWL Web Ontology Language Rec. ITU-T Y.4111/Y.2076 (02/2016) 3 RDF Resource Description Framework RIF Rule Interchange Format SMS Semantic Management Support SMSC Semantic Management Support Capabilities SPARQL SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language SSAS Service Support and Application Suppor
43、t SSASL Service Support and Application Support Layer SSSC Semantic Security Support Capabilities UML Unified Modelling Language XACML Extensible Access Control Markup Language 5 Conventions The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviat
44、ion is permitted if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus this requirement needs not be present to claim conformance. The keywords “can optionally“ and “may“ indicate a
45、n optional requirement which is permissible, without implying any sense of being recommended. These terms are not intended to imply that the vendors implementation must provide the option and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor
46、may optionally provide the feature and still claim conformance with the specification. 6 Introduction to semantic technologies for the IoT Due to the growing number of interconnected things and related communication connections, as well as the variety of IoT devices and related connectivity, the vol
47、ume and types of data generated by the things as well as the number and type of services provided by the IoT infrastructure are increasing more and more quickly. As a result of these phenomena, requirements for automatic operations, consistency, interoperability and reusability of the IoT infrastruc
48、ture are becoming more and more urgent. Semantic technologies (i.e., technologies based on semantics) are promising candidates to meet the foresaid requirements for the IoT infrastructure. Semantic technologies for IoT enable the efficient description of data (e.g., collected data and virtual repres
49、entation of physical things) and services, so that machines and humans can have a common understanding of the exchanged data and processed services in the IoT infrastructure in order to benefit automatic operations, analysis and processing activities. In addition, semantic technologies can enhance representation, annotation, discovery, analytics, interoperability, reusability and composability of data and services. The semantic technologies are applicable to the different layers of t
