1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.3022TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2014) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Future networks Measuring energy in networks Recommendation ITU-T Y.3022 ITU-T Y-SERIES REC
2、OMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming
3、 Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 In
4、terworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality
5、of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protoc
6、ols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (
7、08/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.3022 Measuring energy in networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.3022 describes the measurement of energy in networks and identifies the requirements for energy measurement. Based on this, a reference model, functional architecture, energy efficiency metrics and ene
8、rgy measurement methods are defined. To aid better understanding of energy efficiency metrics, relevant detailed equations are described in the appendices. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*1.0 ITU-T Y.3022 2013-08-13 13 11.1002/1000/11976 2.0 ITU-T Y.3022 2014-08-13 13 1
9、1.1002/1000/12208 Keywords Energy efficiency metrics, energy measurement. _ *To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.
10、3022 (08/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is respo
11、nsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the I
12、TU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborati
13、ve basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain man
14、datory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements.
15、The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU ta
16、kes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual prop
17、erty, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved
18、. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbrevi
19、ations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview of measuring energy consumption in networks . 3 7 Requirements for measuring energy consumption in networks . 4 8 Reference model and functional architecture for network energy consumption measurement . 5 8.1 Reference model for network energy consump
20、tion measurement . 5 8.2 Functional architecture for measuring energy consumption in networks 5 9 Energy efficiency metrics . 7 10 Energy consumption measurement methods 8 10.1 Measurement methods at an interface 8 10.2 Measurement methods at a node 9 10.3 Measurement methods at a server 10 10.4 Mea
21、surement methods at a network . 11 11 Security considerations and requirements 11 Appendix I Calculation process for energy consumption at an interface . 12 I.1 Switch . 12 I.2 Router . 13 Appendix II Calculation process for energy consumption at a node 14 II.1 Energy consumption for wired nodes . 1
22、4 II.2 Energy consumption for wireless nodes . 17 Appendix III Calculation process for energy consumption at a server . 21 Appendix IV Calculation process for energy consumption at a network . 22 IV.1 Energy consumption of TDM-PON . 22 Appendix V Energy management levels on restricted electricity su
23、pply . 25 Appendix VI Energy consumption in relation to functional operations . 26 Appendix VII Energy efficiency rating for network equipment . 27 Appendix VIII Methods for adjusting the energy measurement time 28 VIII.1 Framework of adjusting the energy measurement time . 28 VIII.2 Variation of tr
24、affic volume-based adjusting method for the energy measurement time T . 28 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) Page VIII.3 Variation of energy consumption based method for adjusting the energy measurement time T . 29 Bibliography. 30 Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3022 Measuring ene
25、rgy in networks 1 Scope This Recommendation describes a reference model and methods for measuring energy in networks to reduce the operating expenditure (OPEX) of telecommunication network equipment. This Recommendation covers the following: requirements to measure energy consumption in networks; re
26、ference model and architecture to build an energy measurement framework; energy efficiency metrics of network elements based on a reference model; energy consumption measurement methods based on functional architecture. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain pr
27、ovisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the poss
28、ibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recomm
29、endation. ITU-T G.8013 Recommendation ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731 (2013), OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks. ITU-T L.1310 Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 (2014), Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for telecommunication equipment. ITU-T X.805 Recommendation ITU-T X.805 (2003
30、), Security architecture for systems providing end-to-end communications. ITU-T Y.2701 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2701 (2007), Security requirements for NGN release 1. ITU-T Y.3021 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3021 (2012), Framework of energy saving for future networks. ATIS-0600015.03.2009 ATIS-0600015.03.20
31、09, Energy Efficiency for Telecommunications Equipment: Methodology for Measurement and Reporting for Router and Ethernet Switch Products. ETSI ES 203 215 ETSI ES 203 215 V1.2.1 (2011), Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Methods and Limits for Power Consumption in Broadband Telecommunicatio
32、n Networks Equipment. ETSI TS 102 706 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.2.1 (2011), Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms def
33、ined elsewhere: 3.1.1 network energy efficiency ITU-T Y.3021: Throughput of the network divided by the power consumed. NOTE It is usually expressed in bps/W. 3.1.2 energy efficiency metrics ITU-T L.1310: Ratio between the functional unit and the energy necessary to deliver the functional unit. NOTE
34、1 Functional unit is the amount of information transmitted. NOTE 2 It is usually expressed in bits/Joule. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 network energy profile: Energy consumption of network elements versus offered traffic load. NOTE N
35、etwork elements include interfaces, nodes and servers in a network. 3.2.2 power efficiency metrics: Throughput per power calculated by network energy profile. NOTE It is usually expressed in bps/W. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alt
36、ernating Current CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CPU Central Processing Unit DC Direct Current FFT Fast Fourier Transform GSM Global System for Mobile communications HPA High Power Amplifier ICT Information and Communications Technology IDC Internet Data Centre IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
37、 IP Internet Protocol LNA Low Noise Amplifier LTE Long-Term Evolution MSPP Multi-Service Provisioning Platform OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance OLT Optical Line Terminal ONU Optical Network Unit OPEX Operating Expenditure Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) 3 OXC Optical Cross-Connect PC Person
38、al Computer PON Passive Optical Network RF Radio Frequency RLDRAN Reduced-Latency Dynamic Random access memory RN Remote Node RRH Remote Radio Head RSOA Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier TCAM Ternary Content-Addressable Memory TDM Time Division Multiplexing TDM-PON Time Division Multiplexin
39、g Passive Optical Network UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System WDM-PON Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network 5 Conventions The keywords is recommended indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus, this requirement need not be pr
40、esent to claim conformance. 6 Overview of measuring energy consumption in networks In response to the demands imposed by climate change, telecommunication networks should reduce energy consumption by utilizing energy saving technologies, see ITU-T Y.3021. When considering network energy consumption,
41、 network energy efficiency is an important factor. In order to calculate network energy efficiency, the total of transmitted data bits is divided by the energy consumption of the network over a specific time period. The network energy efficiency is measured and then calculated at interfaces, nodes,
42、servers and networks as follows: Energy measurement at interfaces: The interface is the module of network equipment that enables communication via various mediums such as copper, optical fibres and air. The measurement of the energy consumption of interfaces is affected by various conditions includi
43、ng traffic load, interface state and packet size. Energy measurement at nodes: Nodes operate as switches or routers to exchange data in a network. Energy measurement at the node includes energy measurement at the interfaces and at the non-interfaces. The power consumption at non-interfaces such as f
44、ans, central processing units (CPUs) and alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) converters is generally included in the measurement of energy consumption at the nodes. Depending on the power consumption of the non-interface elements within the node, energy consumption of the node varies acc
45、ording to the manufacturers product characteristics. NOTE 1 Routers equipped with different AC-DC power supply converters can cause the power consumption at the node to vary. NOTE 2 For example, the clock rate of a CPU can be controlled at a lower traffic condition to save energy ITU-T Y.3021. Energ
46、y measurement at servers: The energy consumption at a server is affected by equipment density and inter-operating relationships. In an Internet data centre (IDC), there are generally numerous air conditioners and dehumidifiers that enable large numbers of servers to operate normally. These external
47、devices operating next to servers and 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.3022 (08/2014) controlling temperature and humidity indirectly induce additional energy consumption in networks. Energy measurement at the server takes into account both energy consumption from the network equipment such as personal computer (PC)-
48、type or rack-type servers and the non-network equipment such as air conditioners or humidifiers. The energy measurement for network equipment at the server considers the processing power required to generate service traffic as well as the server interfaces. Energy measurement at the network: A netwo
49、rk is comprised of sets of nodes and servers with interfaces. Energy measurement for networks includes the energy consumption of nodes and servers with interfaces and non-network equipment. 7 Requirements for measuring energy consumption in networks The following are high-level requirements for network energy consumption measurement: It is recommended for network energy consumption measurement to measure energ
