1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.3511 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2014) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Cloud Computing Framework of inter-cloud computing Recomme
2、ndation ITU-T Y.3511 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.40
3、0Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management
4、 Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional ar
5、chitecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 N
6、etwork control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further details, please refer to the list of IT
7、U-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.3511 Framework of inter-cloud computing Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.3511 describes the framework for interactions of multiple cloud service providers (CSPs), which is referred to as inter-cloud computing. Based on several u
8、se case, and after considering the different types of service offerings, this Recommendation describes the possible relationships (peering, federation or intermediary) among multiple CSPs. By introducing the concept of primary CSP and secondary CSP, the Recommendation further describes CSP interacti
9、ons for the cases of federation and intermediary patterns. Finally, relevant functional requirements are derived. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.3511 2014-03-09 13 11.1002/1000/12078 Keywords Cloud computing, infrastructure, inter-cloud computing, network,
10、 primary CSP, requirement, secondary CSP, use case. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) FOREWO
11、RD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying t
12、echnical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups whi
13、ch, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and
14、 IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to
15、 ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words
16、 does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concer
17、ning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by pat
18、ents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publ
19、ication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms
20、 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Introduction . 3 7 Patterns of inter-cloud . 4 7.1 Inter-cloud peering . 4 7.2 Inter-cloud federation . 5 7.3 Inter-cloud intermediary . 5 8 Overview of inter-cloud computing 6 8.1 Relationship between intra-cloud and inter-cloud handling of resources 6 8.2 Overview of inter-clo
21、ud federation 7 8.3 Overview of inter-cloud intermediary 11 9 Functional requirements for inter-cloud . 14 9.1 SLA and policy negotiation 14 9.2 Resource monitoring 14 9.3 Resource performance estimation and selection 15 9.4 Resource discovery and reservation . 15 9.5 Resource set-up and activation
22、. 16 9.6 Cloud services switchover and switchback 16 9.7 Resource release . 16 9.8 CSC information exchange . 16 9.9 Primary CSP role delegation 17 9.10 Inter-cloud service handling . 17 10 Security considerations . 18 Appendix I Use cases from the inter-cloud perspective . 19 I.1 SLA mapping in int
23、ermediary pattern 19 I.2 Performance guarantee against an abrupt increase in load (offloading) 19 I.3 Performance guarantee regarding delay (optimization for user location) 21 I.4 Guaranteed availability in the event of a disaster or large-scale failure . 23 I.5 Service continuity (in the case of se
24、rvice termination of the original CSP) 25 I.6 Market transactions in inter-cloud intermediary pattern 26 Appendix II Use cases from cloud service providers views 28 II.1 Use case 1 Cloud service rebranding . 29 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) Page II.2 Use case 2 Discovery . 29 II.3 Use case 3 Interm
25、ediary 29 II.4 Use case 4 Platforming 29 II.5 Use case 5 Offloading . 29 II.6 Use case 6 Virtual data centre expansion 29 II.7 Use case 7 Distributed media 29 II.8 Use case 8 Cloud storage expansion . 30 II.9 Use case 9 Service delivery platform components 30 Appendix III Abstract service offering m
26、odels for inter-cloud computing 31 III.1 Service item expansion . 31 III.2 Service operation enhancement 32 III.3 Consideration on network connectivity 33 Appendix IV Inter-cloud security aspects . 36 Bibliography. 37 Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3511 Framework of inter-cloud
27、 computing 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the framework for interactions between multiple cloud service providers (CSPs), which is referred to as inter-cloud computing. Based on use cases involving several CSPs and after considering different types of service offerings (given in the appendice
28、s), this Recommendation describes the possible relationships among multiple CSPs, interactions between CSPs and relevant functional requirements. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of t
29、his Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and oth
30、er references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T X.1601 Recommendation ITU-T X.1601 (2014), Security framew
31、ork for cloud computing. ITU-T Y.3501 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3501 (2013), Cloud computing framework and high-level requirements. ITU-T Y.3520 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3520 (2013), Cloud computing framework for end to end resource management. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendatio
32、n uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 cloud service customer ITU-T Y.3501: A person or organization that consumes delivered cloud services within a contract with a cloud service provider. 3.1.2 cloud service provider ITU-T Y.3501: An organization that provides and maintains delivered c
33、loud services. 3.1.3 resource management ITU-T Y.3520: A way to access, control, manage, deploy, schedule and bind resources when they are provided by service providers and requested by customers. 3.1.4 service level agreement b-ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011: Documented agreement between the service provider
34、 and customer that identifies services and service targets NOTE 1 A service level agreement can also be established between the service provider and a supplier, an internal group or a customer acting as a supplier. NOTE 2 A service level agreement can be included in a contract or another type of doc
35、umented agreement. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 inter-cloud computing: The paradigm for enabling the interworking between two or more cloud service providers. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) NOTE Inter-cloud computing is also referred
36、as inter-cloud. 3.2.2 primary cloud service provider: In inter-cloud computing, a cloud service provider which is making use of cloud services of peer cloud service providers (i.e., secondary cloud service providers) as part of its own cloud services. 3.2.3 secondary cloud service provider: In inter
37、-cloud computing, a cloud service provider which provides cloud services to a primary cloud service provider. NOTE The primary cloud service provider can use the services of secondary cloud service providers as part of its services offered to cloud service customers. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms Thi
38、s Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: API Application Programming Interface B2B Business-to-Business CaaS Communications as a Service CDN Content Distribution Network CPU Central Processing Unit CSC Cloud Service Customer CSP Cloud Service Provider DRM Digital Rights Manage
39、ment IaaS Infrastructure as a Service ID Identifier IT Information Technology LAN Local Area Network NaaS Network as a Service P-CSP Primary CSP PaaS Platform as a Service QoS Quality of Service S-CSP Secondary CSP SaaS Software as a Service SDP Service Delivery Platform SLA Service Level Agreement
40、VM Virtual Machine VPN Virtual Private Network 5 Conventions In this Recommendation: The keywords “is required“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) 3 The ke
41、ywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus, this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. In the body of this Recommendation and its appendices, the words should, and may sometimes appear, in which case they are to be i
42、nterpreted, respectively, as is recommended, and can optionally. The appearance of such phrases or keywords in an appendix or in material explicitly marked as informative are to be interpreted as having no normative intent. 6 Introduction Inter-cloud computing describes the interworking of cloud ser
43、vice providers (CSPs) in order to deliver services for the users. Inter-cloud relationship between CSPs can be realized by using a service from the peer CSP or by providing a service to the peer CSP. The case where two peer CSPs interact with each other through an inter-cloud relationship is illustr
44、ated in Figure 6-1. As shown by a pair of two arrows pointing in opposite directions in Figure 6-1, CSP A is making use of the services provided by CSP B. In this relationship, CSP A is considered as being the primary CSP while CSP B is the secondary CSP. Note that the reverse situation where CSP B
45、is using the services offered by CSP A may also exist and in such case CSP A and CSP B are involved in two inter-cloud relationships, one for providing services to the peer CSP and the other for using the services of the peer CSP. Y . 3 5 1 1 ( 1 4 ) _ F 6 - 1psp sP ri m ary C S P i n t h e i n t er
46、-c l o u d rel at i o n s h i pS ec o n d ary C S P i n t h e i n t er-c l o u d rel at i o n s h i pP ro v i d e s erv i ce t oC S P A C S P BU s e s erv i ce fro mIn t er-c l o u d rel at i o n s h i pFigure 6-1 Inter-cloud relationship between peer CSPs Figure 6-2 illustrates in a different way t
47、he inter-cloud relationship between CSP A and CSP B, i.e., CSP A uses the service of CSP B through the application programming interface (API) provided by CSP B, shown as API (B). Although the arrow in Figure 6-2 is only one and is shown as unidirectional from CSP A to CSP B, it should be understood
48、 as being equivalent to the inter-cloud relationship shown in Figure 6-1, i.e., covering the “use service from“ and “provide service to“ arrows in Figure 6-1. Y . 3 5 1 1 ( 1 4 ) _ F 6 - 2psA P I ( X ) :p sP r i m ar y C S PS ec o n d ar y C S PA P I p r o v i d ed b y C S P XC S P A C S P BA P I (
49、B )I n t er - cl o u d r el at i o n s h i pFigure 6-2 Inter-cloud relationship using API 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.3511 (03/2014) 7 Patterns of inter-cloud This clause introduces three patterns of inter-cloud for describing relations and interactions involving multiple CSPs, i.e.,: The inter-cloud peering; The inter-cloud federation; The inter-cloud intermediary. 7.1 Inter-cloud peering In inter-cloud peering, two CSPs interwork directly with each other in orde
