1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Z.371TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (04/2005) SERIES Z: LANGUAGES AND GENERAL SOFTWARE ASPECTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Man-machine language Human-machine interfaces for the management of telecommunications networks Graphic informati
2、on for telecommunication management objects ITU-T Recommendation Z.371 ITU-T Z-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS LANGUAGES AND GENERAL SOFTWARE ASPECTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FORMAL DESCRIPTION TECHNIQUES (FDT) Specification and Description Language (SDL) Z.100Z.109 Application of formal description tec
3、hniques Z.110Z.119 Message Sequence Chart (MSC) Z.120Z.129 Extended Object Definition Language (eODL) Z.130Z.139 Testing and Test Control Notation (TTCN) Z.140Z.149 User Requirements Notation (URN) Z.150Z.159 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES CHILL: The ITU-T high level language Z.200Z.209 MAN-MACHINE LANGUAGE
4、General principles Z.300Z.309 Basic syntax and dialogue procedures Z.310Z.319 Extended MML for visual display terminals Z.320Z.329 Specification of the man-machine interface Z.330Z.349 Data-oriented human-machine interfaces Z.350Z.359 Human-machine interfaces for the management of telecommunications
5、 networks Z.360Z.379 QUALITY Quality of telecommunication software Z.400Z.409 Quality aspects of protocol-related Recommendations Z.450Z.459 METHODS Methods for validation and testing Z.500Z.519 MIDDLEWARE Distributed processing environment Z.600Z.609 For further details, please refer to the list of
6、 ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) i ITU-T Recommendation Z.371 Graphic Information for telecommunication management objects Summary This Recommendation provides information about the way in which telecommunications resources are displayed at end-user workstations. In particular, it
7、deals with graphical user interfaces and the information requirements for displaying telecommunications objects such as links and nodes. Source ITU-T Recommendation Z.371 was approved on 13 April 2005 by ITU-T Study Group 4 (2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure. TeleManagement For
8、um retains ownership of the underlying intellectual property rights expressed in ITU-T Recommendation Z.371, including copyrights. Appropriate licences are granted for use in ITU-T Recommendation Z.371. Keywords Graphic objects, human computer interface, human machine interface, user interface. ii I
9、TU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating
10、 and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produc
11、e Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this
12、Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. intero
13、perability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest tha
14、t compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, v
15、alidity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be r
16、equired to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever,
17、without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Conventions 3 6 HMI architecture. 3 6.1 Network element and service management system 3 6.2 Generic user interface objects 3 6.3 Telecommunications
18、presentation objects 4 7 Telecom presentation views . 4 7.1 Background. 4 7.2 Generic entry forms 5 7.3 Table-based views 6 7.4 Tree-based views 8 7.5 Chart-based views 9 7.6 Geographical or logical network views 11 7.7 Equipment views 14 8 Telecom presentation objects . 16 8.1 Container 17 8.2 Netw
19、ork node . 18 8.3 Links. 19 8.4 Trail 20 8.5 Equipment. 21 8.6 Circuit pack 21 8.7 Shelf 22 8.8 Equipment rack. 22 8.9 Off-page connector. 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 25 iv ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) Introduction Telecommunications networks operators manage their infrastructure and services via user interfaces
20、(UIs) to operating systems (OSs) and management applications. In the ITU-T M.3000 series Recommendations, this user interface is identified as the “G“ interface. Work on standardizing various aspects of this vital interface has been undertaken by various standards bodies. Examples include ANSI T1.23
21、2, ISO 9241, and ITU-T Rec. Z.361. The “G“ interface is critically important in the management of modern telecommunications networks. It is the primary view of the system available to the operator and the organization. Improper or inadequate design at this interface can result in significant problem
22、s in the network in terms of reliability and operational efficiency. This interface is referred to as a Human Machine Interface (HMI). As telecommunications network technology becomes increasingly diverse, management issues have become more complex. This complexity requires improved and standardized
23、 network management system interfaces to increase the quality of service and reduce response times to customers. This Recommendation provides information about the way in which real telecommunications network management objects are represented to the user on workstation screens, and the information
24、that is made available to the operators. ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) 1 ITU-T Recommendation Z.371 Graphic information for telecommunication management objects 1 Scope This Recommendation describes requirements for the “G“ interface of the telecom operations environment. This “G“ interface, identified
25、 in the ITU-T M.3000 series of requirements, specifically ITU-T Rec. M.3010 defines the interface between the user and the workstation often referred to as a Human Machine Interface (HMI). ITU-T Rec. M.3100, the Generic Information Model, specifies the objects and object classes that are relevant to
26、 information exchanged across standard interfaces in the architecture. In the model, objects at the “F“ interface are translated into user management objects, and it is this subset that is relevant at the “G“ interface. The objects in this Recommendation are the subset of M.3100 objects that are lik
27、ely to be presented graphically on operators work station screens. These HMI requirements are based on standard available information technology. They strive to maximize usability and interoperability of applications or products from different vendors. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendation
28、s and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore e
29、ncouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone
30、 document, the status of a Recommendation. 1 ITU-T Recommendation M.3100 (2005), Generic network information model. 2 ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 (2000), Principles for a telecommunications management network. 3 ITU-T Recommendation M.3300 (1998), TMN F interface requirements. 4 ITU-T Recommendation
31、 G.805 (2000), Generic functional architecture of transport networks. 5 ITU-T Recommendation G.7042/Y.1305 (2004), Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals. 6 ISO/IEC 10164-2:1993, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Systems Management: State Management
32、 Function. 3 Definitions The following definitions are imported from other ITU-T Recommendations. 3.1 link (ITU-T Rec. G.7042/Y.1305 (2004): A link can also be described as an entity that defines a topological relationship including available transport capacity between two nodes in different subnetw
33、orks. In a graphic screen picture, these links show up as the connections between nodes or network elements. 2 ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) 3.2 network element/managed element (ITU-T Rec. M.3100 (2005): In this Recommendation, the term “Network Element“ is used in a generic sense to represent managed
34、elements. 3.3 trail (ITU-T Rec. G.805 (2000) The following definitions are particular to this Recommendation. 3.4 domain: An administrative domain is a collection of managed entities grouped for administrative reasons. 3.5 management system: An entity that manages a set of managed systems, which can
35、 be either NEs, subnetworks, or other management systems. 3.6 visual presentation: Visual presentation includes the visual attributes: fill colour, pattern, shape, font, border colour and style, and drawing order. 3.7 alarm collection: Includes an indication of highest severity unacknowledged alarms
36、 and other alarms either acknowledged or of lesser severity. An alarm collection should be visible with no user action, or accessible by secondary mouse click and menu selection. 3.8 zoom: The increase or decrees of a geographic or network view while maintaining the same data context. In a network v
37、iew, the user might be presented with a view of the network that expands to show more nodes across a larger area. Each step does not change the context of the data presented. 3.9 drill-down (expand, collapse): The change of levels of data and change in the data context. A graphical display changing
38、from a province map, to a city view, to a building, a floor, an aisle, rack, and then the NE itself, is an example of a drill-down. Each step changes the context of the data presented. Double clicking an object is a form of drilling down. 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbrev
39、iations: 2D Two Dimensional 3D Three Dimensional ADM Add, Drop Multiplexer GUI Graphical User Interface HCI Human Computer Interface HMI Human Machine Interface ID Identifier LED Light Emitting Diode OC Optical Connection PVC Permanent Virtual Connection SVC Shared Virtual Connection TMF Telemanagem
40、ent Forum UI User Interface ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) 3 5 Conventions This Recommendation uses two specific markers which designate requirements and optionality. (R) Designates those aspects which must be present if the application is to be considered compliant with this Recommendation. (O) Designa
41、tes optional aspects of this Recommendation. However, it should be noted that where appropriate, given the context, it is desirable for the HMI to use these aspects as well. Also note that there are cases where a component or area of a template may be optional, but if it is included, then there are
42、required aspects to the included component. 6 HMI architecture The “G“ interface can be divided into the conceptual components shown in Figure 1. This architectural description provides an improved means of specifying and understanding the complex relationship between the system and the user. Figure
43、 1 shows three different classes of user interface presentation elements, namely, task managers, generic elements, and telecommunications elements. Figure 1/Z.371 HMI components illustration This Recommendation provides requirements for the telecommunications presentation elements in Figure 1. Task
44、managers are created when user interface designers and system developers assemble the various data displays and controls required for the management of a particular piece of technology such as a SONET ring. These are very specific to the technology and are where many companies see competitive advant
45、age. However, the presentation of telecommunications objects should have a degree of standardization in order that operators quickly and accurately recognize the nature of the resource, its state or condition, and its relationship to other resources. 6.1 Network element and service management system
46、 The network element and service management component represent the software that makes up the management system and also the data about the network elements and their interconnection. This data is typically specified in the underlying information models, for example, ITU-T Rec. M.3000, Overview of
47、TMN Recommendations. 6.2 Generic user interface objects These are a set of elements such as buttons, windows, and scroll bars. These are defined by the specific user interface style or toolkit supported at the workstation (OSF Motif, Windows, JAVA Swing, etc.) and are aptly described in style guides
48、 provided by the manufacturer. These HMI elements are stable and common across the range of systems or products currently available in the 4 ITU-T Rec. Z.371 (04/2005) market place. This Recommendation is not a style guide and provides no information about these generic elements. 6.3 Telecommunicati
49、ons presentation objects These are the set of telecommunications-specific objects such as network element symbols, link or connection graphics, and shelf level graphics. This Recommendation deals with the required information elements of these objects. There is a mapping between the system objects and the objects presented to the user. ITU-T Rec. M.3300 describes these objects as User Management Objects (UMOs) which are created in the workstation and which are then represented to the user via the “G“ interface. It is the role of the Presentation obj
