1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Z.601TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (02/2007) SERIES Z: LANGUAGES AND GENERAL SOFTWARE ASPECTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Middleware Distributed processing environment Data architecture of one software system ITU-T Recommendation Z.601
2、 ITU-T Z-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS LANGUAGES AND GENERAL SOFTWARE ASPECTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FORMAL DESCRIPTION TECHNIQUES (FDT) Specification and Description Language (SDL) Z.100Z.109 Application of formal description techniques Z.110Z.119 Message Sequence Chart (MSC) Z.120Z.129 Extended Ob
3、ject Definition Language (eODL) Z.130Z.139 Testing and Test Control Notation (TTCN) Z.140Z.149 User Requirements Notation (URN) Z.150Z.159 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES CHILL: The ITU-T high level language Z.200Z.209 MAN-MACHINE LANGUAGE General principles Z.300Z.309 Basic syntax and dialogue procedures Z.3
4、10Z.319 Extended MML for visual display terminals Z.320Z.329 Specification of the man-machine interface Z.330Z.349 Data-oriented human-machine interfaces Z.350Z.359 Human-machine interfaces for the management of telecommunications networks Z.360Z.379 QUALITY Quality of telecommunication software Z.4
5、00Z.409 Quality aspects of protocol-related Recommendations Z.450Z.459 METHODS Methods for validation and testing Z.500Z.519 MIDDLEWARE Distributed processing environment Z.600Z.609 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) i ITU-T Recommendat
6、ion Z.601 Data architecture of one software system Summary ITU-T Recommendation Z.601 identifies a set of data structures and formats of one software system. These data forms appear at the various interfaces to and media of the system and comprise intermediate forms for transformations between the e
7、xternal forms. The data forms are needed within one system, and they are not abstracted away from the system over several systems. This Recommendation identifies data schemata that may be used to define interfaces between software components. However, this Recommendation defines no software architec
8、ture. Source ITU-T Recommendation Z.601 was approved on 13 February 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 17 (2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure. Keywords Architecture, data, form, format, framework, layer, population, process, schema, structure. ii ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) FOREWORD The I
9、nternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recomm
10、endations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The a
11、pproval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administ
12、ration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperability or applicability) and complia
13、nce with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is
14、required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Inte
15、llectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation
16、. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without
17、the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Data architecture. 4 6.1 Three-schema architecture 4 6.2 Seven-schema architecture . 6 6.3 Communication and distribution 9 6.4 Nesting 11 A
18、nnex A Requirements on schema notations . 13 A.1 Introduction 13 A.2 Requirements on notations for the external terminology schemata . 13 A.3 Requirements on notations for the concept schemata 17 A.4 Requirements on notations for the contents schemata . 18 A.5 Requirements on notations for the layou
19、t schemata. 19 A.6 Requirements on notations for internal terminology schemata 20 A.7 Requirements on notations for the distribution schemata 20 A.8 Requirements on notations for the physical schemata . 21 A.9 Requirements on notations for the system management schemata 21 Appendix I Introduction to
20、 data architectures. 22 I.1 A system planning perspective. 22 I.2 A data perspective on a system 24 I.3 Communication between systems 26 I.4 Communicating processes 27 I.5 Separation of media 27 Appendix II Comparison with other architectures 29 II.1 Comparison with ITU-T Rec. M.3020 . 29 Bibliograp
21、hy. 30 iv ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) Introduction The primary users of this Recommendation will be software developers who design data definitions of a system and its interfaces. Data architects and systems planners may use this Recommendation to coordinate definitions of interfaces between systems.
22、 Some of the data definitions may provide end users understanding of the system and its functionality. Hence, these definitions will provide a kernel of a contract between purchaser and developer organizations. Formal language designers may use this Recommendation to identify the scope of their nota
23、tion and identify features needed to cover a certain application domain. Annex A provides requirements on schema languages. Appendix I provides an introduction and context of the Recommendation, where a system is defined in the context of systems planning of several systems. The reader is advised to
24、 read this appendix before he reads clause 6. Appendix II provides a comparison with b-ITU-T M.3020. ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) 1 ITU-T Recommendation Z.601 Data architecture of one software system 1 Scope This Recommendation identifies a set of data structures and formats of one software system. Th
25、ese data forms appear at the various interfaces to and media of the system and comprise intermediate forms for transformations between the external forms. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provis
26、ions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendation
27、s and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Z.351 ITU-T Recommendation Z.351 (1993), Data ori
28、ented human-machine interface specification technique Introduction. 3 Definitions This Recommendation contains a set of definitions. The following terms appear in this Recommendation. They are either defined explicitly, or by simple inference from the definitions. The terms are meant to be used with
29、in the context of the data architecture, and may not have the same meaning outside this context. application area: See ITU-T Z.351. application layer: See ITU-T Z.351. application population: See ITU-T Z.351. application process: See ITU-T Z.351. application schema: See ITU-T Z.351. concept layer. c
30、oncept population. concept process. concept schema. contents layer. contents population. contents process. contents schema: See ITU-T Z.351. distribution layer. distribution population. distribution process. distribution schema. 2 ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) external layer: See ITU-T Z.351. external
31、population: See ITU-T Z.351. external process: See ITU-T Z.351. external schema: See ITU-T Z.351. external terminology layer. external terminology population. external terminology process. external terminology schema. internal layer: See ITU-T Z.351. internal population. internal process. internal s
32、chema. internal terminology layer. internal terminology population. internal terminology process. internal terminology schema. layer: See ITU-T Z.351. layout layer. layout population. layout process. layout schema: See ITU-T Z.351. physical layer. physical population. physical process. physical sche
33、ma. population: See ITU-T Z.351. process: See ITU-T Z.351. schema: See ITU-T Z.351. system. system management layer. system management population. system management process. system management schema. terminology layer. terminology population. terminology process. terminology schema. ITU-T Rec. Z.601
34、 (02/2007) 3 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: AL Application Layer AP Application Population Ar Application Process AS Application Schema CL Contents Layer CP Contents Population Cr Contents Process CS Contents Schema DL Distribution Layer DP Distribution Populat
35、ion Dr Distribution Process DS Distribution Schema EL External Layer EP External Population Er External Process ES External Schema eTL external Terminology Layer eTP external Terminology Population eTr external Terminology Process eTS external Terminology Schema IL Internal Layer IP Internal Populat
36、ion Ir Internal Process IS Internal Schema iTL internal Terminology Layer iTP internal Terminology Population iTr internal Terminology Process iTS internal Terminology Schema LL Layout Layer LP Layout Population Lr Layout Process LS Layout Schema OL Concept Layer OP Concept Population 4 ITU-T Rec. Z
37、.601 (02/2007) Or Concept Process OS Concept Schema PL Physical Layer PP Physical Population Pr Physical Process PS Physical Schema SML System Management Layer SMP System Management Population SMr System Management Process SMS System Management Schema TL Terminology Layer TP Terminology Population T
38、r Terminology Process TS Terminology Schema 5 Conventions S Schema P Population 6 Data architecture 6.1 Three-schema architecture The three-schema architecture comprises the following kinds of schemata: external schemata; application schema; internal schemata. For one system instance, the three-sche
39、ma architecture provides one centralized application schema, which may support several external and internal schemata. For n external and m internal schemata, the three-schema architecture provides (n+m) mappings between schemata. The application schema of a system instance defines the data classes,
40、 constraints and derivations which have to be enforced for any data within the system instance, independently of which external or internal medium they may appear on. ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) 5 Figure 1 depicts example schemata and corresponding populations in the three-schema architecture. Z.601(
41、07)_F01ProcessorIPIPEPEPEPSISISESESSSSSSchemataPopulationsASAPStored data set, temporarily or permanentAny data set in generalProcessor Data flowSchema referencereferenceSData at human-computer interfacesLegendFigure 1 Example use of the three-schema architecture Note that the three-schema architect
42、ure does not state which external population and corresponding schemata are used to input data to which internal population and corresponding schema. Hence, internal forms are decoupled from external forms of data. Also, each external and internal schema is decoupled from any other external or inter
43、nal schema, respectively. The application schema provides the only link between external and internal forms. The correspondences between schemata, processors and populations may be conveyed through the notion of layers: external layer; application layer; internal layer. This is illustrated in Figure
44、 2. Note that the definition of the application schema presupposes that every data instance is transformed via the application layer. Strictly speaking, the external form of data is one instance, the application form is a second and the internal form is a third. And these may be copied into several
45、external and internal populations, creating still more instances, all originating from one input instance, e.g., in the external layer. Note that the three-schema architecture is a compiler kind of architecture, where presentation forms of data at the external and internal layers are compiled via an
46、 intermediate application layer. This compiler feature of the architecture may be used to nest the architecture. 6 ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) Z.601(07)_F02ArIPEPISESSchemataPopulationsASAPIrErSystem schemaEL AL ILThe large rectangles depict layersFigure 2 Layering In order to cover the coordination
47、between the layers, we introduce some extra notions: System management schema, containing except the external, application and internal schemata: security data, including access control data; system directory data, including data for configuration control. System management processor, including the
48、external, application and internal processors, controls their interoperation and provides security and directory services. System management population: provides data instances for security and directory services. Note that the system management processor and population are not depicted in Figure 2.
49、 With the system management schema, we have in fact a three plus one-schema architecture. We also observe that the processor of the system instance is split into specialized processors per layer. 6.2 Seven-schema architecture The seven-schema architecture provides a detail of the three-schema architecture. Each layer of the three-schema architecture is split into two or three sub-layers. This is depicted in Figure 3. ITU-T Rec. Z.601 (02/2007) 7 Z.601(07)_F03LS CS eTS OS iTS DS PSSystem schemaLPExte
