1、 KSKSKSKS SKSKSKS KSKSKS SKSKS KSKS SKS KS 2005 12 26 KS A ISO 8996 KS A ISO 8996: 2005 A ISO 8996: 2005 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : : 2000 4 19 : 2005 12 26 : 2010 10 1 2010 0406 : : ( ) ( 02 509 7247 50) . 7 5 , . A ISO 8996: 2005 3 ICS 13.180 KS A ISO 8996: 2005Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determi
2、nation of metabolic rate 2004 2 ISO 8996 Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination of metabolic rate , . 1. , . . , . . , , , . , , “ ” . , 30 , 70 kg , 1.75 m( 1.8 m2) , 30 , 60 kg , 1.70 m( 1.6 m2) , , . 2. . . ISO 9886 Ergonomics Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurement
3、s ISO 15265 Ergonomics of the thermal environment Risk assessment strategy for the prevention of stress or discomfort in the thermal working conditions 3. (“ ” W ) . , . . 1 . ISO 15265 . 1: . 1A: 2B: . . 2: A ISO 8996: 2005 2 . 2A: , , ( ). 2B: . . . . 3: . . . 4: . 4A: (10 20 ) ( .). 4B: (1 2 ) .
4、3C: . . 3 4 1 4 . . . A ISO 8996: 2005 3 1 1A , 1 1B 2A 2 2B : 20 % 3 : 10 % 4A 4B Double labeled water method 4 4C : 5 % 4. 1: 4.1 A.1 . . , , . 4.2 A . A.2 , , , , 5 . . . 5. 2: 5.1 . : , , , : , , : , , , , B.1 . B.2 . 5.2 B.3 . . 5.3 . , , , , . . M=niiitMT11(1) M: (W/m2) Mi: (W/m2) A ISO 8996:
5、2005 4 T: (min) ti: (min) B.4 B.5 . . . . a) b) 2 3 c) B.1 , B.2 B.3 d) e) f) g) h) B.4 B.5 5.4 B . 5.3 (Simonson) . 1 . 1 8 1 , 5.3 B . 2 . 1 . . . X ( ) 1: 1 Y ( ) 2: 2 1 A ISO 8996: 2005 5 5.5 . B 25 % . 5.6 A , B . 3. . . 5 % . 5 % . 20 % . . , , . 5 10 W/m2 , . , 200 W/m2 . . 6. 3: 6.1 . HR HR0
6、 HRM HRS HRT HRN HRE(2) HR0: HRM: HRS: ( .) HRT: (ISO 9886 ) HRN: HRE: , 24 (circadian rhythm), . . 1 1, 2 , . (ISO 9886 ). HR (: 1 ) , . , , . ISO 9886 . A ISO 8996: 2005 6 6.2 . . (cycle ergometer, step test, treadmill) . . 120 (bpm) . 20 . HR HR0 RM(M M0)(3) M: (W/m2) M0: (W/m2) RM: HR0: . HR M 1
7、0 % . . HR0 M0(55 W/m2) MWC . : MWC (41.7 0.22A) P0.666 W/m2(4) : MWC (35.0 0.22A) P0.666W/m2(5) HRmax . HRmax 205 0.62A (6) RM (HRmax HR0)/(MWC M0) (7) C.1 20 60 50 90 kg HR M . . 7. 4: 7.1 7.1.1 . . , . , (aerobic power) , . . . . 1 , 60 (60 L O2/h) A ISO 8996: 2005 7 . 2 . 3 5 , 5 ( ) . 5 10 ( )
8、. , . X ( ) Y (L/ ) 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 2 A ISO 8996: 2005 8 X ( ) Y (L/ ) 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 3 ( 3 ) , ( ) 2 3 . , . , . ( ) ( ) , . , ( ) . D . 7.1.2 , . , . . (EE, Energetic Equivalent) . (RQ, Respiratory Quotient) . , RQ 0.85 EE 5.68W h/L O2 . , . 3.5 % , 1 % . . A ISO 8996: 2005 9 22ocoVVRQ&= (
9、8) EE (0.23RQ 0.77)5.88(9) Duo1EE2AVM =& (10) RQ: 2oV&: (L O2/h) 2coV&: (L CO2/h) EE: (W h/L O2) M: (W/m2) ADu: Du Bois (m2) ADu 0.202Wb0.425Hb0.725 (11) Wb: (kg) Hb: (m) 7.1.3 . 7.1.3.1 STPD . a) : , , , b) c) : : (7.1.1 ) d) e) f) g) h) RQ , (STPD : , 101.3 kPa ) t 0 , p101.3 kPa( ) . ( ) , (ATPS
10、: ), f ( 2 ). f 3.101)273()(273OH2tpp+ (12) f: STPD p: (kPa) OH2p : (t) (kPa) t: , ( ) A ISO 8996: 2005 10 2 1037 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1.23 1.31 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.82 1.94 2.06 2.20 20 2.34 2.49 2.64 2.81 2.98 3.17 3.36 3.56 3.78 4.00 30 4.24 4.49 4.75 5.03 5.32 5.62 5.94 6.27 - 37 , 37 6.27
11、kPa . 7.1.3.2 STPD VexSTPD VexATPSf (13) VexSTPD: STPD (L) VexATPS: ATPS (L) f: STPD (7.1.3.1 ) 7.1.3.3 TVVSTPDexex=& (14) exV&: (L/h) T: (h). , 7.1.3.4 )209.0(22oexoFVV =&(15) 2oV&: (L O2/h) 2oF : 7.1.3.5 )3000.0(22coexco= FVV&(16) 2coV&: (L CO2/h) 2coF : 7.1.3.6 RQ1 . . )1(265.02222ocooexoFFFVV =&
12、(17) 10380.0)1(3coocoexco2222= FFFVV&(18) 7.1.4 7.1.4.1 (10) . 7.1.4.2 , ( ) . , . )()(mrsmrmpttMtttMM += (19) M: (W/m2) Mp: (W/m2) A ISO 8996: 2005 11 Ms: (W/m2) tm: (min) tr: (min) 7.2 Doubly Labelled Water . 2H218O . (2H) (body water pool) , (k2) (rH2O) . 18O (carbonic anhydrase reaction) . 18O(k18) (rH2O rCO2) . ( ) 2 (k18 k2) . . 2H 18O , . 2 . 6 , 12 14 , .