1、 KSKSKSKS SKSKSKS KSKSKS SKSKS KSKS SKS KS 2005 12 28 KS I ISO 11267 Collembola(Folsomia candida) KS I ISO 11267： 2005I ISO 11267： 2005 ( ) ( ) KIST ( ) ( ) ： ： 2001 1 6 ： 2005 12 28 2005 1014 ： ： ( ) ( 02 509 72625) . 7 5 , . ICS 13.080.30 KS I ISO Collembola(Folsomia candida) 11267： 2005Soil quali
2、ty Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants 1999 1 ISO 11267 Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants . 1. Folsomia candida . . , H(Henry ) / 1 , 25 0.013 3 Pa . 1. . . 2. E . 2. . . KS M ISO 10390 pH KS M ISO 1
3、1268 1 1： KS M ISO 11274 ( ) 3. . 3.1 LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) LOEC LOEC . 3.2 NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) ( ) 3.3 EC10 10 % (5.2.1). 3.4 EC50 50 % (5.2). I ISO 11267： 2005 2 3.5 (reproduction) 28 4. 1012 springtails(Folsomia candida) (test substance) . springtails (F1
4、) , . 28 . 5. 5.1 (biological material) Folsomia candida(Willem) 1012 springtails ( A.1 ). 5.2 (test substrate) (KS M ISO 11268 1 ) . 5.2.1 (soil substrate) (component) (dry mass fraction) (sphagnum peat), , 10 % . 30 % kaolinite kaolinite ( ) 20 % ( , 0.050.2 mm 70 % 50 % ) ( 0.51 %) (CaCO3) , pH(1
5、 mol/L KCl .) (6.00.5) . pH KS M ISO 10390 . 1. ( D ) . . . . springtails (腔 ) . KS M ISO 11274 C 4060 % . pH . 2. . 5.2.2 (control substrate) . . 5.3 (reference substance) ( 12 ) . Betanal plus(160 g/L Phenmedipham) E 605 forte(507.5 g/L Parathion) ring test . , . Betanal plus： ( = 0.05) (kg) 10020
6、0 mg . I ISO 11267： 2005 3 E 605 forte： (kg) 0.180.32 mg 0.10.18 mg . 6. . 6.1 (glass containers) ( ) 5 cm 100 mL 6.2 pH . 6.3 (exhaustor) springtails (A.2 ). 6.4 (enclosure) (202) . 6.5 (light source) 400800 lx , 12h： 12h 16h： 8h (light： dark cycle) . 7. 7.1 7.1.1 a) NOEC (approach) 5 LOEC/NOEC 2(
7、4 101.8) . b) ECx (approach) ECx ( 12) 2 . ( , ). (mg) (kg) (5.2 ). LOEC/NOEC EC10 (7.2 ). 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 , ( 5.2.1 ) (replicates) . . 7.1.3 . 7.1.2.2 ( ) . (fume) ( ) . 7.1.3 . , , (emulsifiers) . , . . . 7.1.2.3 (5.2 ) 10 g . I ISO 11267： 2005 4 ( ) . 7.1.3 . 7.1.3 1012 10 springtails . springtails
8、 (breeding) . A.2 (exhaustor) . . 7.1.4 . . (7.1.2.2 ) . . 7.2 ( ) (final test) , 4 ( 0 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg 1 000 mg/kg) . 1012 springtails 10 . (6.5) test enclosure(6.4) 7.1.2 . 2 mg , (parafilm) . . 14 springtails . springtails . springtails springtails . 4 . 7.3 . 1 000 mg/kg . (7
9、.1.2 ) (replicate) (wet mass) 30 g . springtails . 5 . ECx (7.1.1 ) 2 5 . pH . 14 (dry yeast) 2 mg ( , ). . pH(1 mol/L KCl .) . pH . 2 . 2 % . I ISO 11267： 2005 5 7.4 springtails springtails 4 springtails . 500600 mL . springtails . (juveniles) ( B ) . ( high-gradient extraction) . 8. 8.1 8.1.1 . .
10、a) NOEC ECx b) 8.1.2 NOEC , Kolmogoroff Smirnovs Bartletts . t-test Dunnett Williams ( = 0.05, one-sided) . Mann& Whitney Bonferroni U test (non-parametric methods) . 8.1.3 ECx ECx (dose-response function) , (treatment means) . ECx x % . Fieller(Finney, F 11) . % % . (logistic) S (probit) . 8.2 (mg)
11、 . (LOEC) LOEC (NOEC) 10 % (EC10) 50 % (EC50) . 9. 20 % . 100 (instars) . 30 % . 10. 8.2 . a) , b) ( , , , ) I ISO 11267： 2005 6 c) / (low-/non-water-soluble substance) d) , e) f) g) h) (LOEC), (NOEC), EC10 EC50 ( ) i) j) pH k) I ISO 11267： 2005 7 A() Collembola A.1 A.1.1 (breeding substrate) (plast
12、er of Paris)( , pH 6.4) ( , pH 67) 8： 1 (9： 1 10： 1) . 100 g 60100 g . . . springtails , pH pH . A.1.2 (breeding containers) 400 mL . 1 cm . (absorbent wick) , . ( ) . . . A.1.3 springtails 2022 (climatic chamber) 400800 lx ： (light： dark cycle) 16 h： 8 h 70 80 % . A.1.4 (yeast) . 12 . A.1.5 8 sprin
13、gtails (tapping) (blowing) . (oviposition) . A.1.6 1012 springtails (fine spatula) (hair brush) (egg clusters) . 48 . . springtails 10 . 1012 springtails springtails 2 . . 12 . . . 2 , . . 1012 (egg) . I ISO 11267： 2005 8 A.2 springtails springtails (exhaustor) . A.1 . 1 Eppendorf 4 2 springtails 5
14、(10 mL) 6 (調整機 ) 3 7 A.1 springtails springtails . springtais . springtails . . (Pasteur) . . . I ISO 11267： 2005 9 B() springtails springtails . . (instars) . . , . (culture-counter) (projected picture) . , (macro-lens) . (cold light source) . 400 ASA . 50100 mL ( ： Zeiss S Planar 1： 2.8 f = 60 mm,
15、 39, 0.24 m). springtails . 10 % . springtails . I ISO 11267： 2005 10 C() (保維能) C.1 (WHC) KS M ISO 11274 . C.2 C.2.1 2050 mm 100 mm . C.2.2 (water bath) C.2.3 C.2.4 (drying oven) (1055) C.2.5 (balance) 0.1 g . C.3 57 cm . . 3 . (ground quartz sand) 2 . . 105 . C.4 Water-Holding Capacity(WHC) WHC =DDTS 100 WHC： S： T： ( ) D： I ISO 11267： 2005 11 D() pH pH(6.00.5) CaCO3 5.2.1 (peat), , (kaolin) . CaCO3, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 % 1.0 % . KS M ISO 10390 pH , CaCO3 pH . pH (6.00.5) CaCO3 . I ISO 11267： 2005 12 E() Collembola E.1
