1、 KSKSKSKS KSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS I ISO 17155 KS I ISO 17155 :2009 2009 12 18 http:/www.kats.go.krKS I ISO 17155:2009 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ：(ISO/TC190) () ( ) () : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) ： ：2004 10 28 ：2009 12 18 2009-0830 ： ： (ISO/TC190) ( 02-509-7266) (http:/www.kats.go.kr). 10 5 , . KS I
2、 ISO 17155:2009 Soil qualityDetermination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves 2002 1 ISO 17155, Soil qualityDetermination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves , . 1 . . . 2 . . ( ) . KS I ISO 103816, 6： , KS I ISO 10390, pH KS I ISO
3、10694, ( ) KS I ISO 11277, ( , ) KS I ISO 11465, () KS I ISO 14238, ： 3 . KS I ISO 17155:2009 2 3.1 R B ( 1 ) 3.2 R S ( 1 ) ( 1 ). 3.3 (lag time) t lag ( 1 ) ( 2 ). 3.4 (growth rate) ( 1 ) 3.5 (respiratory activation quotient) Q R Q R R B /R S 3.6 (time to the peak maximum) t peakmax ( 1 ) . 3.7 (CO
4、 2 ) (O 2 ) C R ( 1 ) 3.8 , , , KS I ISO 17155:2009 3 a 1 4 () () . CO 2 O 2 ( , , , , t peakmax , C R) . 5 5.1 (glucose), C 6 H 12 O 65.2 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), KH 2 PO 45.3 (diammonium sulfate), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 45.4 (substrate), (5.1) 80 g, (5.3) 13 g (5.2) 2 g . 6 . 6.1 CO 2 O 2 , h CO 2
5、O 2 ( gg 1 h 1 ) KS I ISO 17155:2009 4 ( 20 ) , KS I ISO 160723 7 7.1 (6.1) (7.1) . ( mor) ( 4 5 ) 1 g (8.1 ). 3 . 7.2 , KS I ISO 103816 . 7.3 , , . . KS I ISO 11277 KS I ISO 11465 KS I ISO 14238 A KS I ISO 10390 pH KS I ISO 10694 8 8.1 3 4 20 ( 4060 % 0.01 0.03 MPa ) (pre-incubation). 2 . . 1 g (5.
6、4) 0.2 g . 5 % 1 % 100 g( ) 1 g . CO 2 O 2 ( 1 ). 8.2 . (range-finding test) . 5 ( 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 ) . 8.1 . - (dose-response relationship) . KS I ISO 17155:2009 5 . ( ) ( ) , ( ) , (1 %) . . . 9 9.1 9.1.1 (R B ) (stable period) . 9.1.2 (R S ) . 3 . 9.1.3 (Q R ) . Q R R B /R S 9.1.4 , (t lag
7、), ( ) (t peakmax ) ( 1 ). ( ) y . ( 1 ). t peakmax . dp/dtre t K Stenstr m 2 . d p/dt(p d p/dt .) (re t ) (K) . (SIR) SIRrK, r K . 9.1.5 (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) ( ) (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) ( KS I ISO 17155:2009 6 1 t peakmax ). 1 . (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) (C R ) t peakmax . C R S , EC 10 EC 50 . . 14 C (acetate) 14 CO 2 ( 9
8、). 9.2 9.2.1 (t peakmax ) ( 2 ). . 9. . (Q R ) 0.3 , 20 , t peakmax 50 ( 7 8 ). , t peakmax . 2 9.2.2 , h CO 2 O 2 ( gg 1 h 1 ) (1) (2) KS I ISO 17155:2009 7 4 . ： . ( 10 ). ： . . ( 11 ). . ： . ( 12 ). . ： . ( 13 ). . 10 . a) 1) , , , 2) ： ( ) 3) (7.3 ) KS I ISO 11277 KS I ISO 11465 KS I ISO 14238 A
9、 KS I ISO 10390 pH KS I ISO 10694 b) 1) 2) 3) 4) ( ) 5) ( ) 6) ( ) c) 1) 2 2) 3) , EC 10 EC 50 ( ) 4) ( ) KS I ISO 17155:2009 8 A () (Germany) 4 ( A.1 ) . (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) , (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) . DIN 3840242( 14) . A.1 1 (loam) 2 (sand) 3 4 WHC(max)(mL/kg) 511.8 347.7 241.8 268.5 pH 7.3 7.3 7.5 5.6 C org (
10、) 4.7 8.5 5.9 1.7 N t (%) 0.38 0.27 0.20 0.16 Nitrotoluolenes(mg/kg) 336.3 n.d. n.d. n.d. 16PAH(mg/kg) 77.0 60 21 2 268 Mineral oil(mg/kg) 50.0 43 660.1 8 798.9 50 As(mg/kg) 5.4 3.6 12.1 3 Cod(mg/kg) 6.4 29.6 9.3 3 Cr(mg/kg) 65.9 2 005.1 320.3 94.9 Cu(mg/kg) 104.4 10 921.3 367.8 10.0 Ni(mg/kg) 29.2
11、 5 894.2 578.5 6.5 Pb(mg/kg) 820.8 1 082.2 547.5 10.3 Zn(mg/kg) 764.7 5 065.3 577.6 26.6 WHC(max)： C org ： N t ： n.d.：(not determined) A.2 (R B ) (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) gg 1 h 1 CO 2 CV % a gg 1 h 1 CO 2 CV % a 1 2.08 66 8 8 0.79 27 11 10 2 5.27 53 8 8 7.77 16 11 10 3 5.20 37 7 7 5.17 10 11 10 4 3.37 50 8 8
12、 2.74 29 11 10 a(outlier) . KS I ISO 17155:2009 9 A.3 (R S ) (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) gg 1 h 1 CO 2 CV % a gg 1 h 1 CO 2 CV % a 1 8.45 41 8 8 5.84 84 10 9 2 10.72 65 8 8 11.38 40 11 10 3 12.11 28 7 6 8.83 48 11 10 4 6.14 43 8 8 14.39 98 11 11 a . A.4 (Q R ) (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) CV % a CV % a 1 0.21 43 8 7 0.20 65 1
13、0 9 2 0.58 47 8 8 0.78 36 10 10 3 0.32 44 7 6 0.71 32 10 10 4 0.60 45 8 8 0.46 65 11 11 a . A.5 (t lag ) (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) h CV % a h CV % a 1 21 39 6 6 19 58 7 7 2 23 60 5 5 15 54 6 5 3 27 60 5 5 19 49 6 6 4 6 51 5 5 30 86 6 6 a . A.6 (t peakmax ) a (CO 2 ) (O 2 ) h CV % b h CV % b 1 55 38 7 7 65 23 7
14、 7 2 71 26 6 6 69 43 7 7 3 61 23 7 7 54 43 6 6 4 47 37 7 7 60 16 7 7 a .a . KS I ISO 17155:2009 10 1 KS I ISO 142401, 1： 2 NORDGREN, A., BTH, E., and SDERSTRM, B. Evaluation of soil respiration characteristics to assess heavy metal effects on soil microorganisms using glutamic acid as a substrate, S
15、oil Biol. Biochem., 20(6), 1998, pp. 949954 3 KS I ISO 16072, 4 PALMBORG, C. and NORDGREN, A. Soil respiration curves, a method to test the abundance, activity and vitality of the microflora in forest soils. In MATS Guidelines：Soil Biological Variables in Environmental Hazard Assessment (Torstensson
16、 L. ed.), Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala, 1993, pp. 149156 5 PALMBORG, C. and NORDGREN, A. Soil respiration curves, a method to test the influence of chemicals and heavy metals on the abundance, activity and vitality of the microflora in forest soils. In MATS Guidelines：Soil Biolo
17、gical Variables in Environmental Hazard Assessment(Torstensson, L. ed.), Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala, 1993, pp. 157166 6 STENSTM, J., STEINBERG, B. and JOHANNSON, M. Kinetics of Substrate-induced Respiration(SIR), Theory. Ambio., 27(1), 1998, pp. 3539 7 WILKE, B.M., WINKEL, B. F
18、LEISCHMANN, S. and GONG, P. Higher Plant Growth and Microbial Toxicity Tests for the Evaluation of the Ecotoxic Potential of Soils. In Contaminated Soil 98, Thomas Telford, London, 1998, pp. 345354 8 WILKE, B.M., WINKEL, B., PAULI, W. Mikrobiologische Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Lebensraumfunktion
19、 von Bden. In：Toxikologische Beurteilung von Bden-Leitstungsfhigkeit biologischer Testverfahren. Heiden S. Erb R., Dott W. Eisentrger A.(Hrsg.) Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Berlin, 2000 9 VAN BEELEN, P., FLEURENKEMIL, A.K., HUYS, M.P.A., VAN MONTFORT, A.C.P. and VAN VLAARDINGEN, P.
20、L.A. The toxic effects of pollutants on the mineralization of acetate in subsoil microcosms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 10, 1991, pp. 775790 10 ARNEBRANT, K. and SCHINNER, J. Changes in ATP content during and after chloroform fumigation. Soil Biol. Biochem., 22, 1990, pp. 875877 11 CHANDER, K. and BRO
21、OKES, P.C. Effects of heavy metals from past applications of sewage sludge on microbial biomass and organic matter accumulation in a sandy loam and silty loam. U.K. soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 23, 1991, pp. 927932 12 NORTHSTEDT, H. A field study on forest floor respiration response to artificial heav
22、y metal contaminated acid rain. Scand J. For. Res., 2, 1987, pp. 1320 13 ANDERSON, J.P.E. and DOMSCH, K.H. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 10, 1978, pp. 215221 14 DIN 3840242：1984, German standard methods for the examination
23、 of water, waste water and sludge; general information (group A); evaluation of interlaboratory tests 15 STENSTRM, J., STENBERG, B. and JOHANSSON, M. Kinetics of Substrate-induced respiration(SIR). Theory. Ambio., 27, 1998, pp. 3539 16 DOTT, W., ACHAZI, R., EISENTRGER, A., HUNDRINKE, K., KRDEL, W.,
24、NEUMANN HENSEL, H., PFEIFER, F., RMBKE, J., WIESNER, J., WILKE, B.M. biologische Testverfahren fr Boden und Bodenmaterial7. Bericht des Interdisziplinren Arbeitskreises “UmweltbiotechnologieBoden”, Dechema, Frankfurt M., 2001, p. 61 153787 1 92 3(13) (02)26240114 (02)262401489 http:/ KS I ISO 17155 :2009 KSKSKS SKSKS KSKS SKS KS SKS KSKS SKSKS KSKSKS Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves ICS 13.080.30 Korean Agency for Technology and Standards http:/www.kats.go.kr
