1、 KSKSKSKSKSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS I ISO 9698 ( ) KS I ISO 9698:2008 2008 8 7 http:/www.kats.go.krKS I ISO 9698:2008 : ( ) ( ) ( ) : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) ： ： 1998 3 26 ： 2008 8 7 2008-0411 ： ： ( 02-509-7266) (http:/www.kats.go.kr). 10 5 , . KS I ISO 9698:2008 ( ) Water quality Determ
2、ination of tritium activity concentration Liquid scintillation counting method 1989 1 ISO 9698, Water quality Determination of tritium activity concentration Liquid scintillation counting method , . 1 (3HH2O) . 20 mL 106 Bq/m3 . 1 5104 Bq/m38 , (9.1 ). , . 1 % . 5104Bq/m3 , . 2 106Bq/m3 . (4.4) . 3
3、 . 2 . . KS M ISO 5667 1, ( ) KS I ISO 9698:2008 2 KS M ISO 5667 2, 2： 3 . . ( ) . (pulse) . . 1 18.6 keV . 4 540 (12.43 )7 . 2 , . 3 . , , 4 . 4.1 ( ) (Na2CO3) 4.2 ( ) (Na2S2O3) 4.3 t Bq/m3 c0(t) . ( ) . 7.1 . . c0(t 0) Bq/m3 ( 2 ) (t 0) . 1 , . ( ) . 2 , . (10 L20 L) , . 3 500 Bq/m3 . 500 Bq/m3 8
4、1.2 . t (7.3 ) . c0(t) c0(t 0)e t(1) c0(t) ： t (Bq/m3) c0(t 0) ： (Bq/m3) KS I ISO 9698:2008 3 ： ( 1)( 0.055 76) t ： ( ) 500 Bq/m3 . 4.4 cS(t) (3HH2O) (1010 Bq/m31011 Bq/m3, 1 % ) (100 mL) (4.3 ) 170 Bq/m3 . cS(t 0)(Bq/m3) . (t 0) . 1 t . cS(t) cS(t 0)e t (2) cS(t) ： t (Bq/m3) cS(t 0) ： (Bq/m3) ： (
5、1)( 0.055 76) t ： ( ) 2 (3HH2O) . 1 % . 4.5 ( ) . (9.1 ). (1,2,4- )pseudocoumene(1,2,4-tromethylbenzene) , , . (7.2 1 ) . 4.6 5 . 5.1 (7.3 1 ) KS I ISO 9698:2008 4 . . 20 mL . . 5.2 . 500 mL (4.3 ). Vigreux , 40 cm 5.3 1 % (4.4) 100 L 5.4 20 mL , (5.1) . (7.2 ). . 1 , (7.2 1 ). 2 . . 5.5 100 mL 6 KS
6、 M ISO 5667 1 KS M ISO 5667 2 . 250 mL (7.1 ). 7 7.1 (5.2) (6. ) . (4.2) 250 mg (4.1) 0.5 g . (4.6) . (5.2) . 50 mL75 mL (5.5) 100 mL . . KS I ISO 9698:2008 5 . 7.2 (7.1), V2(mL) 20 V1 , V1(mL)( 4 ) (4.5) 3 . . (5.3) (4.4) 100 L 3 . 3 . 1 1 a, 1* 2 b, 2 2 a, 2* 2 b ( ). (7.3) (4.3) V2(mL) 20 V1 V1(m
7、L) (4.5) . 1 % . B1, B2, B3 . . 1 ( ) . 2 . 23 . 3 (5.4) . (4.5) . (20 25 ) (4 10 ) . 4 (9. ) (4.5) 40 % . V1 12 mL . 7.3 (7.2 ) . . (5.1) . , 1, (4.4) 1, 1, , 2 B1, 1a, 1*, 1b, B2, 2a, 2*, 2b, B3, 3a, 3*, 3b, B4, 4a, 4*, 4b (7.2 ) (9. ) . 1 100 . . 1 100 20 5 , . , . (8.1.3 ). 2 (5.1) . . 3 . 8.1.3
8、 (8.1.3 2 ). KS I ISO 9698:2008 6 8 8.1 8.1.1 . )(s*tARR = (3) ： , Bq (s) *R ： (4.4) ( / ) R ： ( / ) As(t) ： (Bq) As(t) VcS(t) , cS(t) 4.4 , 7.2 V 10 7 m3 . 8.1.2 . tetcVRRc+=)(020(4) c ： (Bq/m3) R ： ( / ) 0R ： 2 ( / ) ： (8.1.1) V2 ： (7.2 ) (m3) ： ( 1)( 0.055 76) t ： (6.) (7.3) ( ) c0(t) ： t (4.3) (
9、Bq/m3) 1 (4.3, 9 ). 2 t 0.5 . 8.1.3 c(8.1.2) . 20s0e/)(+=VtRRsc (5) t KS I ISO 9698:2008 7 sc ： c(Bq/m3)(8.1.2) to ： ( )( .) , , , 2s0 VRR t 8.1.2 . 1 “ ” . 105 Bq/m3 (5, 8 ). 2 c(8.1.2) . 2s00 /eVtRtRsc+= (6) t0： ( ) ts： ( ) , , , 20 VRR t 8.1.2 8.1.3 . 8.2 F.R. . (Grubbs test, Px 90 %)： cminBq/L c
10、maxBq/L Bq/L Bq/L Bq/L % 1 37 158 0.00 10.07 5.72 6.11 0.39 6.3 2 37 157 15.4 26.4 20.8 21.1 0.30 1.4 3 41 165 65.5 82.2 75.3 77.2 1.86 2.4 9 9.1 , cmin . t200min)/(1/3eVtttRcss+= (7) cmin ： (Bq/m3) 3 ： tKS I ISO 9698:2008 8 , , , ,2 00VttRs t： 8.1.2 8.1.3 . k 3 99.6 % . , k 3 90 % . cmin . (7.2 ),
11、 R0 , V2(7.2 ) (9.2 ). (7.1 ) . V2(mL) V1 20 V2(mL) 2V22/R0 R0 . V2 , 6. (7.3 ) . (7.3 1 ). . cmin . cmin cmin . 9.2 (5.1) . (7.2 ) 2/0R . ( A). 10 10.1 , (treboluminescence) , . Bransome Grower(2 342 ) . A(9.2 ) B . A 2/3 . 8.1.2 A B . 8.1.2 A B . A B . . 10.2 A B , , KS I ISO 9698:2008 9 , 2 (7.3
12、 ) . (drift) . 2 . 11 . a) b) c) csc(Bq/m3) 10. d) e) KS I ISO 9698:2008 10 A ( ) 1 Annual Book of ASTM Standards(1979), Section 31, Water, pp. 915917 2 BRANSOME, JR., E. D. and GROWER, M. D. The current status of liquid scintillation counting, Grune and Stratton, New York, London, 1970 3 BUDNITZ, R
13、 J. Tritium instrumentation for environmental and occupational monitoring A review. Health Physics, 26(1974), p.165 4 BUSH, E. A. double ratio technique as an aid to selection of sample preparation procedures in liquid scintillation counting. Int. J, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 19(1968), pp. 447452 5 K
14、RAUSE, W. J. and MUNDSCHENK, H. Elektrolytische Anreicherung und Bestimmung von Tritium in Grund und Oberflchengewssern. Deutsche gewsserkundliche Mitteilungen, 22(1978), p.76 6 KRAUSE, E. J. Die Eignung verschiedener Szintillatorflssigkeiten zur bestimmung von Tritium in Grund und Oberflchengewsser
15、n. Z. Wasser Abw. Forsch., 13(1982), pp. 383386 7 MANN, W. B., UNTERWEGER, M. P. and COUSEY, B. M. Comments on the NBS tritiated water standards and their use. Int. J. Applied Radiat. Isotopes, 33(1982), pp. 383386 8 SAUZAY, G. and SCHELL, W R. Analysis of low level tritium concentrations by electro
16、lytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting. lnt. J. Applied Radiat. Isotopes, 23(1972), p. 25 9 Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water(15th ed.). Amer. Public Health Ass.,(1980), pp. 603605 10 GILBERT, R. O. and KINNISON, R. R. Statistical methods for estimating the mean and variance from radionuclide data sets containing negative, unreported or less-than values. Halth Physics, 40(1981), pp. 377390 11 Behaviour of tritium in the environment, IAEA, (1981), Vienna 12 Methods of low level counting and spectrometry, IAEA, (1981), Vienna 13 low level tritium meas
