1、 MSS SP-93-2014 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Liquid Penetrant Examination Method Standard Practice Developed and Approved by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 127 Park Stre
2、et, NE Vienna, Virginia 22180-4602 Phone: (703) 281-6613 Fax: (703) 281-6671 E-mail: standardsmss-hq.org www.mss-hq.org MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-93i This MSS Standard Practice was developed under the consensus of the MSS Technical Committees 304 and the MSS Coordinating Committee. The content of thi
3、s Standard Practice is the resulting efforts of competent and experienced volunteers to provide an effective, clear, and non-exclusive standard that will benefit the industry as a whole. This MSS Standard Practice describes minimal requirements and is intended as a basis for common practice by the m
4、anufacturer, the user, and the general public. The existence of an MSS Standard Practice does not in itself preclude the manufacture, sale, or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice. Mandatory conformance to this Standard Practice is established only by reference in other documents
5、such as a code, specification, sales contract, or public law, as applicable. MSS has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce or certify compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this Standard Practice shall not be attributable to M
6、SS and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. “Unless indicated otherwise within this MSS Standard Practice, other standards documents referenced to herein are identified by the date of issue that was applicable to this Standard Practice at the date of approval of t
7、his MSS Standard Practice (see Annex A). This Standard Practice shall remain silent on the validity of those other standards of prior or subsequent dates of issue even though applicable provisions may not have changed.” By publication of this Standard Practice, no position is taken with respect to t
8、he validity of any potential claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection therewith. MSS shall not be held responsible for identifying any patent rights. Users are expressly advised that determination of patent rights and the risk of infringement of such rights are entirely their responsibility. I
9、n this Standard Practice, all text, notes, annexes, tables, figures, and references are construed to be essential to the understanding of the message of the standard, and are considered normative unless indicated as “supplemental”. All appendices, if included, that appear in this document are constr
10、ued as “supplemental”. Note that supplemental information does not include mandatory requirements. U.S. customary units in this Standard Practice are the standard; the SI (metric) units are for reference only. Substantive changes in this 2014 edition are “flagged” by parallel bars as shown on the ma
11、rgins of this paragraph. The specific detail of the change may be determined by comparing the material flagged with that in the previous edition. Non-toleranced dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal unless otherwise specified. Excerpts of this Standard Practice may be quoted with permissi
12、on. Credit lines should read Extracted from MSS SP-93-2014 with permission of the publisher, Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry. Reproduction and/or electronic transmission or dissemination is prohibited under copyright convention unless written permission is gr
13、anted by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Inc. All rights reserved. Originally Approved: November 1982 Originally Published: December 1982 Current Edition Approved: April 2014 Current Edition Published: September 2014 MSS is a registered trademark of Manuf
14、acturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. Copyright , 2014 by Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-93ii FOREWORD This MSS Standard Practice, SP-93, Quality Standard for Steel Castings
15、 and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Liquid Penetrant Examination Method, was originally adopted in 1982 for the purpose of providing a uniform method of Liquid Penetrant Examination. It was specifically developed for the valve/piping industry but may be used in a
16、ny application where this type of examination is suitable. This Standard Practice was reaffirmed in 1987 with essentially no changes. The Third edition was reaffirmed in 1992 with essentially no changes. The 1999 edition included minor revisions and was re-formatted to conform to MSS publication pra
17、ctices. The 2008 edition included minor revisions and was re-formatted to conform to MSS publication practices. This 2014 edition includes editorial corrections, a clarification to Scope in Section 1, update of Section 7 and Table 1, and an update of Annex A references. It was also re-formatted to c
18、onform to current MSS publication practices. MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-93iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1 SCOPE . 1 2 REFERENCES 1 3 DEFINITIONS 1 4 PROCEDURE . 1 5 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS 1 6 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS 1 7 REMOVAL AND REPAIR OF DISCONTINUITIES . 2 8 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS 2 TABLE 1
19、Acceptance Standard Criteria 3 ANNEX A Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates . 4 MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-931 1. SCOPE 1.1 This Standard Practice provides methods and acceptance standards for liquid penetrant examination of steel castings and forgings for valves, flanges, fittings and other pipi
20、ng components. It is applicable to examination of repairs as well as to initial examination of castings and forgings. 1.2 The methods contained in this Standard Practice provide uniform procedures that will produce satisfactory and consistent results upon which the Acceptance Standards of Table 1 ma
21、y be used. 1.3 This Standard Practice includes the examination of pressure containing castings and forgings. 2. REFERENCES ASTM E165/E165M, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry ASNT SNT-TC-1A, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 3. D
22、EFINITIONS 3.1 Pressure Containing Part A part whose failure would permit the contained fluid to escape to the atmosphere. For valves, the body and bonnet (cover) and end pieces (of multi-piece valve bodies, e.g., ball valves) shall be considered the pressure containing parts. 3.2 Indication The vis
23、ible bleedout of liquid from a discontinuity. 3.3 Linear Indication An indication in which the length is three or more times the width. 3.4 Rounded Indication An indication which is circular or elliptical, with its length less than three (3) times its width. 4. PROCEDURE 4.1 All exterior and accessi
24、ble interior surfaces of the pressure containing parts shall be examined by the liquid penetrant method. Interior surfaces not accessible because of configuration, such as small holes or bores, need not be examined. Examination may occur prior to machining or after machining at the manufacturers opt
25、ion. 4.2 Liquid penetrant examination procedure shall be in accordance with ASTM E165/E165M. 5. ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS 5.1 Acceptance Standards for liquid penetrant indications shall be as shown in Table 1. 5.2 Broad areas of pigmentation which would mask indications of defects are unacceptable. 6. EV
26、ALUATION OF INDICATIONS 6.1 All indications shall be examined in terms of the Acceptance Standards of Table 1. 6.2 Any indications which exceed the Acceptance Standards in Table 1 shall be regarded as representing discontinuities and shall be re-examined to verify whether or not actual discontinuiti
27、es are present. Surface conditioning may precede the re-examination. 6.3 An indication may be larger than the discontinuity which causes it. However, the size of the indication and not the size of the discontinuity is the basis of acceptance or rejection. QUALITY STANDARD FOR STEEL CASTINGS AND FORG
28、INGS FOR VALVES, FLANGES, FITTINGS, AND OTHER PIPING COMPONENTS LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION METHOD MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-932 7. REMOVAL AND REPAIR OF DISCONTINUITIES 7.1 Piping parts and components rejected through the application of the Acceptance Standards in Table 1 may be repaired. If weldin
29、g is required, it shall be performed by qualified personnel and in accordance with the requirements specified in the applicable steel casting or forging specifications. 7.2 Discontinuities in excess of those represented by acceptable indications shall be removed by suitable means. If removal of surf
30、ace discontinuities to an acceptable level does not result in reducing wall thickness below the acceptable minimum, then the area shall be blended smoothly into the surrounding surface. Where removal of discontinuities result in a wall thickness that is below the acceptable minimum, then the resulta
31、nt cavity may be repaired by welding. Welded areas shall be blended smoothly into the surrounding surface. 7.3 Areas which as a result of liquid penetrant examination, have been weld repaired or from which discontinuities have been removed without requirement for weld repair, shall be re-examined by
32、 the liquid penetrant method. 7.4 The Acceptance Standards for liquid penetrant re-examination required under Section 7.3 shall be as shown in Table 1. 8. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS 8.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for assigning qualified personnel to perform liquid penetrant examinations in co
33、nformance with the requirements of this Standard Practice. 8.2 A qualification record of personnel considered suitable by the manufacturer to perform examinations in accordance with this Standard Practice shall be available upon request. ASNT SNT-TC-1A provides a recommended practice for qualifying
34、personnel. MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-933 TABLE 1 Acceptance Standard Criteria A. CASTINGS Maximum acceptable indications are as follows: Linear Indications as defined in Section 3.3 0.3 in. (8 mm) long for materials up to 0.5 in. (13 mm) thick 0.5 in. (13 mm) long for materials over 0.5 in. to 1 in.
35、(13 mm to 25 mm) thick 0.7 in. (18 mm) long for materials over 1 in. (25 mm) thick Linear indications must be separated by a distance greater than the length of the longest, adjacent acceptable linear indication. Rounded Indications as defined in Section 3.4 0.3 in. (8 mm) diameter for materials up
36、to 0.5 in. (13 mm) thick 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter for materials over 0.5 in. (13mm) thick Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 0.06 in. (2 mm) or less edge-to-edge are unacceptable, unless the total length does not exceed the individual diameter size allowed for the material thick
37、ness being evaluated. B. FORGINGS Maximum acceptable indications are as follows: Linear Indications as defined in Section 3.3 0.2 in. (5 mm) long for materials up to 0.5 in. (13 mm) thick 0.4 in. (10 mm) long for materials over 0.5 in. to 1 in. (13 mm to 25 mm) thick 0.6 in. (15 mm) long for materia
38、ls over 1 in. (25 mm) thick Linear indications must be separated by a distance greater than the length of the longest, adjacent acceptable linear indication. Rounded Indications as defined in Section 3.4 0.2 in. (5 mm) diameter for materials up to 0.5 in. (13 mm) thick 0.3 in. (8 mm) diameter for ma
39、terials over 0.5 in. (13 mm) thick Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 0.06 in. (2 mm) or less edge-to-edge are unacceptable, unless the total length does not exceed the individual diameter size allowed for the material thickness being evaluated. MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-934 ANNE
40、X A Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates This Annex is an integral part of this Standard Practice and is placed after the main text for convenience. Standard Name Description ASNT; ANSI/ASNT SNT-TC-1A-2011 Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing (includes ANSI/ASNT C
41、P-105-2011, Standard Topical Outlines for Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel) ASTM E165/E165M-2012 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry The following organizations appear in the above list. ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc. 25 West 43rd Street
42、, Fourth Floor New York, NY 10036-7406 ASNT The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1711 Arlingate Lane Columbus, OH 43228-0518 ASTM ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Listing of MSS Standard Practices (as of September, 2014) TITLE
43、SP-6-2012 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings SP-9-2013 Spot Facing for Bronze, Iron, and Steel Flanges SP-25-2013 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions SP-42-2013 Corrosion-Resistant Gate, Globe, Angle, an
44、d Check Valves with Flanged and Butt Weld Ends (Classes 150, 300 & 600) SP-43-2013 Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure, Corrosion Resistant Applications SP-44-2010 Steel Pipeline Flanges (incl. 2011 Errata Sheet) SP-45-2003 (R 2008) Bypass and Drain Connections SP-51-2012 C
45、lass 150LW Corrosion Resistant Flanges and Cast Flanged Fittings SP-53-2012 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Magnetic Particle Examination Method SP-54-2013 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges
46、, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Radiographic Examination Method SP-55-2011 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities (ANSI-approved American National Standard) SP-58-2009 Pipe Hangers
47、and Supports Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, and Installation (incorporates content of SP-69, 77, 89, and 90) (ANSI-approved American National Standard) SP-60-2012 Connecting Flange Joints between Tapping Sleeves and Tapping Valves SP-61-2013 Pressure Testing of Valves SP-65-
48、2012 High Pressure Chemical Industry Flanges and Threaded Stubs for Use with Lens Gaskets SP-67-2011 Butterfly Valves SP-68-2011 High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design SP-70-2011 Gray Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends SP-71-2011 Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded
49、 Ends (incl. 2013 Errata Sheet) SP-72-2010a Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General Service SP-75-2014 High-Strength, Wrought, Butt-Welding Fittings SP-78-2011 Gray Iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends SP-79-2011 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts SP-80-2013 Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle, and Check Valves SP-81-2013 Stainless-Steel or Stainless-Steel-Lined, Bonnetless, Knife Gate Valves with Flanged Ends SP-83-2006 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions Socket Welding and Threaded SP-85-2011 Gray Iron Globe & Angle Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends SP-86-2
