1、StandardTest MethodLaboratory Methods for the Evaluation ofProtective Coatings and Lining Materials onMetallic Substrates in Immersion ServiceThis NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who havereviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance
2、does not in any respectpreclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing,purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard.Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any rig
3、ht, byimplication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, orproduct covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability forinfringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in noway b
4、e interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is thisstandard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances maynegate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes noresponsibility for th
5、e interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and acceptsresponsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACEInternational in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude theissuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.U
6、sers of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety,environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to thisstandard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address allpotential he
7、alth and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use ofmaterials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of thisNACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, andenvironmental protection pra
8、ctices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities ifnecessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to theuse of this standard.CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may berevised or withdrawn at a
9、ny time without prior notice. NACE International requires that action betaken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initialpublication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE Internationalstandards may receive current
10、 information on all standards and other NACE Internationalpublications by contacting the NACE International Membership Services Department, 1440 SouthCreek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281 228-6200).Revised 2002-10-12Reaffirmed 1996-Sept-25Reaffirmed 1991-SeptApproved April 1974NAC
11、E International1440 South Creek Dr.Houston, Texas 77084-4906+1 (281)228-6200ISBN 1-57590-016-52002, NACE InternationalNACE Standard TM0174-2002Item No. 21206TM0174-2002NACE International i_ForewordThis standard was prepared to help manufacturers and users of protective coatings and linings intheir s
12、election of materials by providing standard test methods for the evaluation of protectivecoatings and linings for immersion service.This standard provides two test methods for evaluating protective coatings on any metallicsubstrate, such as steel, copper, aluminum, etc., so that the factors of both
13、chemical resistanceand permeability can be considered. The results obtained should give a good indication of whatwould happen on exposure to similar service conditions.Protective coatings, as referred to in this standard, can be applied in liquid form (solution,dispersion, etc.) or dry form (powders
14、), using spray, dip, roller, brush, trowel, or other appropriateapplication techniques. These coatings may contain fillers or reinforcement, such as glass cloth orflakes, silica, mica, etc.The standard was originally prepared in 1974 by Task Group T-6A-23, a component of UnitCommittee T-6A on Coatin
15、g and Lining Materials for Immersion Service. The standard wasreaffirmed with editorial revisions by Unit Committee T-6A in 1991 and 1996. The NACE technicalcommittee structure changed in 2000. This standard was revised in 2002 by Task Group 266.This task group is administered by Specific Technology
16、 Group (STG) 03 on Protective Coatingsand LiningsImmersion/Buried. It is also sponsored by STG 62 on Testing and MonitoringProcedures. This standard is issued by NACE under the auspices of STG 03.In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with thedefinitions of
17、these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual, 4th ed., Paragraph 7.4.1.9. Shalland must are used to state mandatory requirements. The term should is used to state somethingconsidered good and is recommended but is not mandatory. The term may is used to statesomething considered optional._TM0174
18、-2002ii NACE International_NACE InternationalStandardTest MethodLaboratory Methods for the Evaluation of Protective Coatingsand Lining Materials on Metallic Substrates in ImmersionServiceContents1. General 12. Description of Test Methods . 13. Testing Apparatus . 24. Preparation of Test Specimen. 55
19、. Test Parameters (Procedures A and B) 66. Test Procedures 77. Reporting Test Data 9References 9Figure 1: Laboratory Cell with Cooling Jackets Attached to Each End of the Cell. 2Figure 2: Four-Neck Cylindrical, Borosilicate-Type Glass Test Cell and Accessories. 3Figure 3: Illustration of a Test Cell
20、 for One-Side Testing Designed to Approximate theVolume-to-Surface Ratio Found in a Standard 30,280-L (8,000-gal) Tank Car 3Figure 4: Laboratory Cells for One-Side Testing and Evaluation of Protective CoatingsUsed for Linings in Immersion Service . 4Figure 5: Typical Set-Up for Immersion Testing Usi
21、ng a 2.0-L (0.53-gal) Reactor 5_TM0174-2002NACE International 1_Section 1: General1.1 This standard provides two test methods for evaluatingthe performance of protective coatings and linings used aslining materials in immersion service: one-side testing ofthe panel and immersion testing of the compl
22、etely coatedpanel. Protective coatings and linings are referred to ascoatings in this standard.1.2 The test methods are intended to standardize labor-atory test procedures and to help in screening variouscoating materials.1.3 Recommendations included in the test methods areduration of test, temperat
23、ure, types of test specimens, andtesting equipment to be used.1.4 Objectives of This Standard1.4.1 To provide two methods for evaluating the per-formance of coatings used as linings for immersion ser-vice.1.4.2 To provide a useful source of information forthose persons who are engaged in the field o
24、f mater-ials selection.1.5 Limitations of Test Methods1.5.1 This standard does not detail the specific meth-ods used for testing of adhered or preformed sheetlinings, such as polyvinyl chloride or rubber. Althoughthe standard does not include the evaluation of thesetypes of linings, the test method
25、can be used to screenor categorize the chemical resistance of the lining andto help select a lining for a specific field service.1.5.2 Means are not provided in the procedures fordetermination of the effect on a coating of minuteamounts of unstable or reactive components of a pro-cess stream.1.5.3 T
26、he effect of variables in the application of thecoating are not explored by the procedures described.However, the procedures can be used to compare theeffect of such variables.1.5.4 Laboratory conditions seldom duplicate the exactconditions of a field exposure. The advantages anddisadvantages of exp
27、osing a coating directly in a pro-cess stream should be weighed against the results tobe obtained from the procedures described in thisstandard.1.6 For the purpose of this standard, thickness class-ification of coatings are as follows:1.6.1 Thin-film coatings are defined as applied coat-ings for whi
28、ch the total dry-film thickness is less than250 m (10 mils).1.6.2 Thick-film coatings are defined as applied coat-ings for which the total dry-film thickness is greaterthan 250 m (10 mils) but less than 760 m (30 mils).1.6.3 Extra-heavy-film coatings are defined as appliedcoatings for which the tota
29、l final dry-film thickness isgreater than 760 m (30 mils)._Section 2: Description of Test Methods2.1 Procedure A: One-Side Testing2.1.1 This test method consists of exposing one sideof a coated panel to a potentially degrading environ-ment at conditions closely approximating those whichmay be encoun
30、tered in actual service conditions.2.1.2 This test method, unlike some other tests,closely approximates the phenomena found in serviceconditions of a temperature differential (cold-wall effect)between the external and internal surfaces of a coatingthat lines the interior surface of a tank or vessel.
31、 Thisoccurs when the metal substrate temperature is rela-tively cooler than the internal temperatures. This temp-erature differential accelerates the permeation of thecoating by the test solution. External-cooling jacketsmay be affixed against the non-test side of the testpanel (see Figure 1). This
32、increases the temperaturedifferential and accelerates the rate at which thecoating is permeated by the test solution.2.1.3 In some cases the external jacket can be used toprovide “heating” of the non-test side of the panel withlower temperatures inside the cell. This would simulatea service conditio
33、n in which an external heating coil isused, for example, in heated railroad tank cars. Usingthis procedure, there would not be a cold-wall effect onthe coating, as described in Paragraph 2.1.2.2.1.4 This method may also be modified to test thecombined effects of pressure, temperature, andinternal se
34、rvice medium, which simulates conditions inpressure vessels and uninsulated piping.TM0174-20022 NACE InternationalFIGURE 1: Laboratory Cell with Cooling Jackets Attached to Each End of the Cell2.2 Procedure B: Immersion Testing2.2.1 This test method consists of partial or totalimmersion of a complet
35、ely coated panel in the test sol-ution under isothermal conditions.2.2.2 This test method is a simple, conventional meth-od from which the greatest amount of test data hasbeen developed.2.2.3 Caution: The user should be cautioned that thismethod does not include effects of the thermal gradient(cold-
36、wall effect) that would exist in uninsulated liningapplications at elevated temperature._Section 3: Testing Apparatus3.1 Equipment for One-Side Test (Procedure A)3.1.1 A test unit similar to the unit shown in Figure 2shall be used. Figure 2 gives dimensions for a typicaltest cell.3.1.1.1 Test panels
37、 are bolted or clamped to theglass tank cylinder to form a double dead-endflange. (See Paragraph 3.1.7.)3.1.1.2 Other types of cells for one-side testingare shown in Figures 3 and 4.3.1.2 Heating of Test Medium (Three Alternatives)3.1.2.1 An electrical resistance coil cartridgeheater is fitted insid
38、e the test cell in a heat-resist-ant glass sheath.3.1.2.2 An electrical heating mantle or tape iswrapped around the exterior of the test cell but notaround the test panels. (See Figures 3 and 4.)3.1.2.3 A steam-heated coil is wrapped aroundthe exterior of the test cell but not around the testpanels.
39、3.1.2.4 If an exterior heating method is used,proper insulation and caution should be taken sothat no heat is conducted to the test panel by theheating element.3.1.3 Air or gas supply: If the service condition beingsimulated includes the presence of a gas or an agita-tion factor, a bubbler must be i
40、ncluded.3.1.3.1 A bubbler for air or other gas shall beinserted through the utility opening in the test cell.3.1.3.2 The bubbler shall consist of a piece of 3-mm (0.1-in.) inside diameter (ID) fluorocarbon orglass tubing attached to the ground glass fitting inthe utility opening and extending almost
41、 to the bot-tom of the test cell.TM0174-2002NACE International 3FIGURE 2: Four-Neck Cylindrical, Borosilicate-Type Glass Test Cell and AccessoriesReprinted with permission from ASTM.(1)Publication C 868.1ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rightsasserted in connection with a
42、ny item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinationof the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.FIGURE 3: Illustration of a Test Cell for One-Side Testing Designed to Appro
43、ximate the Volume-to-SurfaceRatio Found in a Standard 30,280-L (8,000-gal) Tank Car_(1)ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.13 to 20 cm (5.0 to8.0 in.) typ. diam.TM0174-20024 NACE InternationalFIGURE 4: Laboratory Cells for One-Side Testing and Evaluation of Pr
44、otective Coatings Used for Linings inImmersion Service3.1.3.3 The bubbler provides agitation (mixing)and a constant supply of air or other gas to the testsolution.3.1.3.4 At solution temperatures below boiling, abubbler or some other form of agitation must beprovided to maintain uniformity of temper
45、ature inthe cell.3.1.4 Condenser: A water or brine cooler shall beused to maintain a constant level and constant con-centration of the test solution.3.1.5 A thermometer or thermocouple that fits the pre-scribed thermowell and is capable of registering thetemperature range involved in the test shall
46、be used.In most cases it is convenient to use a thermocouple orthermistor coupled to a suitable controller in order tomaintain the proper temperature within the cell. Thethermometer bulb or thermocouple end shall be placed13 mm (0.50 in.) below the top of the test fluid.3.1.6 Gaskets that are capabl
47、e of withstanding thechemical environment involved and capable of provid-ing a tight seal between the test cell and the coatedpanels shall be used. The gasket material selectedshall not contaminate the test solution.3.1.7 Mounting Equipment (Alternatives)3.1.7.1 The test panels shall be mounted on t
48、hetest cell with a minimum of 3 carbon steel bolts 3mm (0.1 in.) in diameter, using wing nuts for easyremoval.3.1.7.2 “C”-clamp fixtures or band clamps can beused to mount the test panels to the test cell.3.1.7.3 Clamping pressures shall be sufficient toseal the opening but not so great as to destroy thetest panel or damage the test coating.3.1.8 Test Lab Conditions3
