1、 Standard Test Method Evaluation of Internal Plastic Coatings for Corrosion Control of Tubular Goods by Autoclave Testing This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any res
2、pect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by im
3、plication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be int
4、erpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibility for the
5、interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers
6、Users of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address all potentia
7、l health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protect
8、ion practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or wit
9、hdrawn at any time without prior notice. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may r
10、eceive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International FirstService Department, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281/228-6200). Reaffirmed 2006-03-13 Reaffirmed 2000-03-28 Reaffirmed September 1993 Approv
11、ed March 1985 NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, TX 77084-4906 +1 (281)228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-101-3 2006, NACE International NACE Standard TM0185-2006 Item No. 21217 TM0185-2006 NACE International i _ Foreword This NACE standard test method has been prepared to provide manufacturers,
12、applicators, and users of internal pipe coatings with a method of comparing the performance of these coatings. The method used in this standard is not intended to correlate with any particular field performance, but is intended solely to compare samples of internally coated tubular goods under unifo
13、rm laboratory test conditions. This standard was originally prepared in 1985 by NACE Work Group T-1G-6c of Unit Committee T-1G on Protective Coatings, Elastomers, and Other Nonmetallic Materials for Oilfield Use. It was reviewed by T-1G-6 and reaffirmed by Unit Committee T-1G in 1988, 1993, and 2000
14、, and in 2006 by Specific Technology Group (STG) 33 on Oil and Gas ProductionNonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic). This standard is issued by NACE International under the auspices of STG 33. In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of
15、 these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual, 4th ed., Paragraph 7.4.1.9. Shall and must are used to state mandatory requirements. The term should is used to state something considered good and is recommended but is not mandatory. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _
16、TM0185-2006 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Test Method Evaluation of Internal Plastic Coatings for Corrosion Control of Tubular Goods by Autoclave Testing Contents 1. General . 1 2. Principle 1 3. Test Apparatus1 4. Test Specimen 1 5. Test Procedure2 6. Reproducibility of Coatin
17、g Performance . 3 7. Reporting Results 3 8. Evaluation of Test Results 3 References 4 _ TM0185-2006 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 This standard establishes a laboratory test method for evaluating the performance of plastic coatings for tubular goods in specific environments at elevat
18、ed temperatures and pressures by use of an autoclave. 1.2 This standard is intended to standardize laboratory test procedures and aid in evaluating the general performance of plastic coatings for tubular goods. 1.3 The data obtained from this test may not be indicative of the performance of plastic
19、coatings for tubular goods in actual field service and may not provide any direct correlation to such performance. _ Section 2: Principle 2.1 The corrosion protection of steel tubular goods by a plastic coating may be altered by exposure to elevated temperatures and pressures and by the composition
20、of the corrosive media. An autoclave is a static test vessel used to expose coated test specimens to corrosive environments at elevated temperatures and pressures so that the effect of such changes may be evaluated. _ Section 3: Test Apparatus 3.1 Autoclave 3.1.1 The autoclave shall be rated to a wo
21、rking pressure and temperature with adequate pressure gauges and indicating temperature controllers to withstand the test conditions. 3.1.2 A continuous recorder shall be adapted to the autoclave as a monitor to ensure that the designated pressure and temperature are maintained throughout the test p
22、eriod. 3.1.3 The autoclave shall be manufactured from a suitable material to withstand the corrosive nature of the various test media that may be used during testing. When hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or chloride solutions are used in the test media, care should be taken to prevent failure of the autoclav
23、e components.13.2 Autoclave Heating 3.2.1 The autoclave shall be heated in a manner that will provide uniform heating during the test. Typical methods include an electrical jacket and a heated oil bath. 3.2.2 The heating zone shall extend from the bottom of the autoclave to a point above the top of
24、the test specimen contained within and must ensure uniform heating of the test specimen and test media. 3.2.3 The temperature of the autoclave shall be controlled to within 6C (10F) of the designated test temperature. 3.3 The autoclave shall be pressurized in such a manner as to provide and maintain
25、 a known reproducible pressure and gas mixture concentration for the duration of the test. 3.4 Autoclave Safety 3.4.1 All manufacturers recommended safety practices for specific equipment shall be followed. 3.4.2 Current known safety procedures required for high-pressure and high-temperature test eq
26、uipment and related apparatus and flammable or toxic gas (especially H2S) shall be observed. _ Section 4: Test Specimen 4.1 The test specimen shall be selected from internally coated tubular goods. 4.1.1 For actual evaluation of various coating materials, the test specimen should be prepared in the
27、laboratory to eliminate variables encountered through plant production. TM0185-2006 2 NACE International 4.1.2 To evaluate plant production coating samples, the test specimen should be cut from a production run of coated tubular goods and selected at random. 4.2 All coating material to be tested or
28、compared should be applied to the same type and grade of substrate for a given test series. 4.3 Test specimens shall be holiday tested prior to sectioning in accordance with NACE Standard TM0384.2Locations of any holidays shall be marked and recorded. 4.4 The size and shape of test specimens may be
29、varied to conform to the dimensions of the autoclave but shall provide a minimum of 26 cm2(4.0 in.2) of coated surface. At least 25% of the surface shall be exposed to each phase (i.e., hydrocarbon, water, and gas) of the test medium when placed in the autoclave. Test specimens shall be sectioned wi
30、th an appropriate metal saw so as not to alter the integrity of the coating. 4.5 Test specimens shall be inspected visually. Any coating imperfections such as delaminations, runs, sags, pinholes, or blisters shall be recorded prior to testing. 4.6 Test specimens shall be inspected with a dry-film th
31、ickness gauge at three places on the test specimen to determine whether the coating meets the thickness specifications. 4.7 Test specimens shall be identified in such a manner as not to damage the coating and to allow for identification following testing. Saw cuts and metal stencils are two frequent
32、ly used methods. 4.8 Several test specimens may be tested simultaneously in the same test, provided all of the test conditions can be maintained. 4.9 A control test sample with known performance shall be included in the test. _ Section 5: Test Procedure 5.1 The test shall be carried out following th
33、e autoclave manufacturers recommended safety and operating procedures. 5.2 Test Conditions 5.2.1 The test conditions should be based on the objectives set by the investigator. 5.2.2 A typical test medium for evaluation of coatings for oil and gas production should include hydrocarbon, water, and gas
34、 phases, providing for coverage of at least 25% by each phase as described in Paragraph 4.4. The hydrocarbon phase shall contain equal volumes of kerosene and toluene. The water phase may be fresh or brine. The gas phase may be a single or multicomponent system. The multicomponent system shall be pr
35、ovided in premixed form or shall be suitably mixed by partial pressures containing components and concentrations relative to designated test objectives. 5.2.3 Testing shall be repeated (1) at increasing temperatures to evaluate a coatings temperature stability and (2) with increasing pressures to sh
36、ow the effects of elevated pressures on the test specimen. 5.2.4 The autoclave test shall be conducted for a sufficient length of time to allow for reliable evaluation of coating integrity, but for no less than 16 hours at the designated temperature and pressure. 5.2.5 After the designated test time
37、 has been reached, the autoclave shall be cooled to 93C (200F) and depressurized at a uniform rate to atmospheric pressure within 15 to 30 minutes. 5.3 When the test is completed, the test specimen shall be examined immediately for apparent changes in coating integrity (i.e., swelling, softening). T
38、he test specimen shall then be cooled to ambient temperature prior to further examination. The test specimen shall be compared in both the gaseous and liquid exposure areas with an untested specimen to determine existence of the following: (a) Blistering (b) Softening (c) Coating thickness change (s
39、welling) (d) Adhesion (to metal and between coats) (e) Color change (f) Metal attack (g) Underfilm creep (h) Intracoat foam or porosity 5.3.1 Rating keyFor softening, swelling, color change, and intracoat foam or porosity, use the following: (a) No change (b) Slight change TM0185-2006 NACE Internati
40、onal 3 (c) Moderate change (d) Severe change 5.3.2 Rating keyFor adhesion: (a) No change (b) Slight loss of adhesion (c) Moderate loss of adhesion (d) Severe loss of adhesion (e) Disbondment 5.3.2.1 To determine adhesion, the coating should be cut to the metal substrate using a two-sided hobby knife
41、 blade. The point of the blade shall be drawn across the film (using multiple cuts if necessary) to cut a single V-shaped groove. Using the sharp side of the blade as a wedge, the coating film should be pried up within the groove. The exposed metal substrate should be observed under a 10 to 15X micr
42、oscope to determine adhesion performance. An average of three attempts shall be used to rate adhesion on each test specimen. 5.3.3 Rating keyFor metal attack: (a) No apparent corrosion (b) Corrosion occurred 5.3.4 Rating keyFor blistering: Use ASTM D(1)714.35.3.5 Rating keyFor underfilm creep: Exten
43、t shall be measured and reported in millimeters. _ Section 6: Reproducibility of Coating Performance 6.1 The results of any test of a specific coating should be reproducible each time the coating is tested under identical test conditions. If reproducibility is not achieved, further investigations mu
44、st be made either by a detailed evaluation of the test specimen or by retesting. _ Section 7: Reporting Results 7.1 The coating description, coating thickness, generic classification of the coating, applicator, size, and grade of metal substrate shall be recorded. 7.2 The details of application, cur
45、e, etc., shall be recorded as supplied by the applicator. 7.3 The initial and final visual appearance of the coating shall be recorded. 7.4 After examination, the ratings, as specified in Paragraph 5.3, shall be recorded. 7.5 The test medium, temperature, pressure, and time of exposure shall be reco
46、rded. 7.6 All test specimens exposed simultaneously shall be recorded. _ Section 8: Evaluation of Test Results 8.1 The test results obtained can be used to compare the performance of various coatings in specific environments. However, the test results cannot be used to predict service life. 8.2 A co
47、ating systems temperature limits can be established by conducting a series of tests at various temperatures. However, the final temperature limit placed on a coating must take into consideration test duration. 8.3 A coating systems resistance to corrosive gases can be determined by varying the concentrations, but test duration mu
