1、NASA w 0 N CN I n z + TECHNICAL NOTE LOA! KIR NASA .- TN e./ D -2201 LONGITUDINAL AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BLUNTED CONES AT MACH NUMBERS OF 3.5, 4.2, AND 6.0 by J. Wuyne Keyes Langley Reseurch Center Langley Stution, Humpton, Vu. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C.
2、FEBRUARY 1964 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM LONGITUDINAL AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BLUNTED CONES AT MACH NUMBERS OF 3.5, 4.2, AND 6.0 By J. Wayne Keyes Langley Research Center Langley Station, Hampton, Va.
3、 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION - - - For sale by theoffice of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230 - Price $1.75 I Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IONGITUDINAL AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
4、OF BLUNTED CONES AT MACH NUMBER3 OF 3.5, 4.2, AND 6.0 By J. Wayne Keyes SUMMARY Force and moment data were obtained for a family of low-fineness-ratio blunted-cone configurations. Each configuration had a nose bluntness ratio of 0 (spherical capi, 0.50, or 0.75, fineness ratio of 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00
5、 cone half-angle of 10 , Yjo, or 20, and flat, convex (23.38 and 40), concave, or conical (66.42O and 50 half-angle) base shape. varied from 2.3 x lo6 to 5.5 x 10 , based on a 4-inch model base diameter. The test Reynolds number 6 The results of the investigation indicate that nose bluntness had li
6、ttle effect on the stability characteristics at angles of attack a An increase in fineness ratio or a decrease in cone half-angle resulted in a decrease in stability near a = 0 and had no effect at a = 180. Of the base shapes studied only the 50 half-angle conical base was unstable at a = 180 ratio
7、of 1.00, and 13 cone half-angle. characteristics with angle of attack obtained by means of modified Newtonian theory were in good agreement with the measured results. of 0 and 1.80. for the forebody configuration having a spherical-cap nose, fineness Estimated variations of the aerodynamic INTRODUCT
8、ION An investigation of the nature of the atmospheres of near Earth planets (Mars and Venus) is of great importance to %he space research program. desirable method of obtaining direct measurements of the properties of a plane- tary atmosphere would be the passage of a probe vehicle through the atmos
9、phere. In order to insure that the vehicle is oriented properly, it should be designed so that aerodynamic forces maintain a nose-forward attitude throughout the tra- jectory (see ref. 1). A As part of an overall research program at the Langley Research Center, an investigation was conducted in the
10、Langley 20-inch variable Mach number tunnel on a complete family of low-fineness-ratio blunted-cone configurations, some of which could be used as possible planetary probe vehicles. The purposk of the investigation was to establish the aerodynamic characteristics of this family of blunted-cone confi
11、gurations over an angle-of-attack range from 0 to 180, while varying such geometric parameters as nose bluntness ratio, fineness ratio, cone half-angle, and base shape, and in particular to find a base shape that Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fr
12、om IHS-,-,-would be unstable at 1800. 4.2, and 6.0. to 13 and are discussed in references 2 to ll. This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation and of a comparison of the measured data with estimations obtained by modified Newtonian theory. The tests were conducted at Mach numbe
13、rs of 3.5, Similar configurations have been tested at Mach numbers from 0.63 a b CA CD CL c, CN D d FA FN K L 2 MDO M SPO r S a ai 2 diameter of front face of cone frustum, in. diameter of flat face of model nose, in. body axial-force coefficient, FA/q,S drag coefficient, D/%S lift coefficient, L/S
14、pitching-moment coefficient, M/%Sd Body normal-force coefficient, F/q,os drag, lb diameter of model base, in. axial force, lb normal force, lb nose bluntness, b/a (see fig. 2(a) lift, lb length of model forebody, in. free-stream Mach number pitching moment, in-lb free-stream dynamic pressure, lb/sq
15、in. abs nose-edge radius, in. (see fig. 2(b) base area of model, sq in. angle of attack of model center line, deg angle between model center line and sting center line, deg Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-8 h cone half-angle, deg fine
16、ness ratio, 2/d APPARATUS, TESTS, AND MODELS Tunnels This investigation was conducted in the Langley 20-inch variable Mach nu- ber tunnel and the Langley 20-inch Mach 6 tunnel both of which are the intermit- tent type exhausting into the atmosphere. The variable Mach number tunnel can operate at Mac
17、h numbers from 3 to 5 and stagnation pressures from 5 to 20 atmos- pheres depending on the Mach number. The Mach 6 tunnel can operate at stagna- tion pressures from 18 to 35 atmospheres and stagnation temperatures up to 6000 F. A more complete description of these tunnels is given in reference 12. S
18、ting and Support System tical plane with a support angle-of-attack range from about -20 to 200, whereas the Mach 6 tunnel has a gooseneck type of support system which operates in the horizontal plane with a support angle-of-attack range from about -l5O to 30. order to cover the complete model angle-
19、of-attack range with minimum sting effects, two stings were used in conjunction with the three model mounting posi- tions shown in figure 1. Model and sting positions for each tunnel are given in the following table: The support system in the variable Mach number tunnel operates in the ver- In Angle
20、of -attack range, deg -5 to 20 17 to 50 45 to 79 75 to 110 107 to 140 135 to 169 165 to 185 - - -5 to 30 15 to 60 60 to 103 75 to 120 120 to 165 150 to 185 I 1 Sting angle, deg I Model position, ai, deg I _ Variable Mach number tunnel 0 30 (bent) 30 (bent) 0 30 (bent) 30 (bent) 0 0 0 90 90 90 180 1
21、80 I ach 6 tunnel 0 30 (bent) 0 0 30 (bent) 0 0 0 90 90 180 180 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Tests The tests were conducted at Mach numbers of 3.5, 4.2, and 6.0 with stagna- tion pressures of about 6, 12.5, and 25 atmospheres, re
22、spectively, and Reynolds 6 numbers based on a 4-inch model base diameter of 3.7 X 10 , 5.5 x lo6, and 2.3 X lo6, respectively. Tunnel stagnation temperature was ambient temperature for aal .4937 90.00 .4668 95.001 -4442 100.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 145.00 .4244 .3993 .3742 .3828 .3545 .3278 -2
23、971 .2678 .2302 .1857 .1534 .1133 -0786 CA .E88 I .E907 .E968 .PO35 .PO27 .9017 .a997 .a911 .E853 ,8760 .e902 -8832 .a547 -8306 .7998 .7712 .7246 .6750 -7128 .6719 .6120 .5748 .5192 .4610 .3995 .3974 .3384 .2723 .1993 .I128 -0209 -.0952 _-.2478 -.1241 -.2916 -.4580 -.6450 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00
24、 169.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 77.00 79.00 80.00 81.00 83.00 ! 85.00 .0502 .0795 .0100 .0007 - . 00 1 8- .0026 -.0011 -.0004 -.0003 -.0022 -.0002 .0032 -0052 .0026 -1.5426 -1.602U - 1.6508 -1.6897 -1.T1Jc. -1.6269 -1.6604 -1.6597 -1.6767 -1.6843 -1.6891 - 1.6930 -1.6938 -1.6953 .7493 .7547 -7603 -7626 .7
25、663 -7675 ,7686 -7709 .7735 -7715 -7683 -7576 .7558 -7415 -7259 -7107 -6871 -6595 -6292 -6007 -5663 -5369 . 4989 -4521 .3997 Z550 c, .0110 .0059 .0006 -.0024 -.0047 -.0096 -.0143 -.0256 -.0371 -.0490 -.0418 -.OS14 -.Ob17 -.0719 -.OB16 -.0902 -.0965 -.0991 -.0913 -.0948 -.O968 -.0982 -.0979 -.0970 -,
26、0947 -.0936 -.0910 -.0867 -.OB09 CL -0135 .Of30 .Ol25 .0118 .0099 .0068 .0041 -.0043 -.0131 -.0212 -.0084 -.0167 -.0301 -.a459 -.Ob21 -.0856 -. 1074 -.1350 -.1142 -.1457 -.1662 -.204l -.2245 -.2386 -.2433 -.2456 -.2436 -.2283 -.1993 -. I51 1 -.0757 -.0717 -.0943 -.Ob75 -.0113 -.00350_ _ .7356 -6936
27、 - .a789 .0580 .0392 -.0202 -.0484 -.OB79 -.lo36 -.0912 -. 11 61 -.1334 -.l409 -.1307 -.1249 -.lo16 .ai00 _ - pg .9795 I_ .7355 .6770 -6082 -5359 .4683 .4105 _ 45.08 50.0 55.0 60.01 65.01 70.01 75.01 79.01 75.01 80.01 85.01 90.01 95.01 100.01 105.01 110.01 )ot.o1 110.01 115.01 120.01 125.01 150.01
28、135.01 140.01 45.0( 50.0 55-01 60.0( 65.0( 70.0( 75.0( 79.0( 7X-m 80.0( 85.0( 90.0( 95.0C 1oo.oc 105.0C 107.0C llO.0C 115.0C 20.06 130.0C 35.0C 40.00 -5.00 -3.00 -1.00 -00 1.00 3.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 - - .- ilo.oc 25.0a _ _ w 20.00 25.00 55.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 r!Zm 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.0
29、0 79.00 30.00 - 1.1193 1.1481 1.1301 1.1189 1.0934 I n7zn .0032 .0082 .a473 .9168 .9482 .9740 .9824 .9925 .9937 -6161 .0101 .a110 .0108 -0084 .0087 -0070 .0063 .Oil55 .0052 .0075 -0115 -0192 ,0289 .0388 .a325 .0397 . .5508 .0115 .4804 .4128 .3573 .2993 -3475 .2839 .2162 .1409 .a573 -.0364 -. 1429 -.
30、2581 -.1697 .- .0107 -. .- l.n9?3 11 .9776 .5539 .0091 . P707 -960 1 .9557 -9525 .9366 -9325 .PI89 .9040 .E781 .e774 .8609 -8137 _ .0080 .0077 -0071 -0065 .0112 -0174 -0272 .0377 -0309 .0378 .0473 - _ .a075 ;9280 .9179 .9311 ._ -.Ob72 -. 1069 -.0805 .9392 -9303 .9326 OIII -9039 -.2434 .8842 -8858 .E
31、989 -9209 .9634 1.0194 _- .e645 -.3622 .a478 -.0371 .e041 -.4921 .0558 .0241 .7341 -.6218 -0633 .0882 -9425 .7495 -.4733 .OS63 -9580 -6767 -.bo08 .Ob22 .9761 a5862 -.7340 e0691 1.0184 -4922 -.e703 -0725 1.071 -4036 -.9921 .07?9 Y . ,.,- .6422 -.7531 .Ob95 -1641 .5442 -.E960 .073R .2488 .4518 -1.0715
32、 .0754 .3107 1.0978 .8889 .6736 .a061 .0554 1.1139 .9315 .bo41 .0095 .0395 1.1095 .PS14 .5344 -0108 .0129 1.0911 .9705 .4700 .0091 -.0158 1.0782 .9833 .4094 .0060 -.0484 1.0640 .9848 -3557 -.0014 -.OB87 1.0433 .9808 .3034 -.0092 -.1107 1.0207 .9744 .5500 -.0022 -.0859 1.0318 .9703 .2878 -.0112 -.114
33、9 1.0056 .9640 .2212 -.0228 -.1364 .9796 .8209 _c_- .7316 -0018 _- - - - .E679 A391 .a004 .0909 1.1365 .1157 .6821 .a055 .Ob61 1.1399 .9545 .6145 .0083 .044l 1.1344 .9680 .5420 .0080 .0146 1.1093 .9794 .4710 .a068 -.0130 1.0867 .9958 .4121 .0025 -.a466 1.0766 1.0005 .3490 -.0063 -.a782 1.0567 1.0043
34、 .2909 -.0153 -.a940 1.0414 .9565 .2925 -.0136 -.I220 .9928 -9546 .2209 -.a253 -.1369 .9703 .9s98 .3555 -.oow -.0950 1.0191 .9497 .l459 .9398 .Ob60 .9257 -.a271 -9151 -.1556 .e983 -.3265 .9088 -.2116 .e973 -.3286 .a533 -.5257 .e152 -.7984 .7610 -1.0652 .6604 -1.2649 .5465 -1.4152 .4361 -1.4859 -.a36
35、1 -.0452 -.0571 -.0752 -.0962 -.OB55 -.0978 -. 1045 -.1338 -.1363 -.0965 -.0386 .a175 .9468 -9285 .9059 .E893 .E713 .e639 .E464 .E170 .7923 .7153 .6163 .5049 t .3917 -.I551 .9468 -.1662 .9175 -.1552 .E925 -.1133 .e903 -.a202 .9199 -.OB23 .a782 -.a101 .E971 .1277 .9611 .3061 1.0916 -4301 1.1744 .5428
36、 1.2600 .6187 1.3327 -6468 1.3803 - .- - -.a309 -.0389 -0505 -.0706 -.0966 -.a798 -.I459 .9497 -.1476 .9304 -.1340 .9163 -.a865 .9242 -,0006 9557 -.Ob33 -9310 .0019 .9556 .1158 .9956 .2838 1.1059 .4361 1.2344 .5445 1.3190 .6143 1.3871 .6210 1.4186 - -.2973 -.5219 -.8109 -1.0260 -1.2258 -1.3799 -1.47
37、31 -.0927 -. 1200 -.I656 -. 1464 -.lo83 -.0565 .0016 -.0085 -.0054 -.0032 -.0015 .0001 -0024 -0050 .0116 -0167 s-22- .0228 .0243 -0253 -0245 -0227 .a218 .0218 - -0229 -0103 .0103 .a110 .0109 .0009 .0011 -.0075 -.a156 . - -.Oh65 .bo17 -.0285 -6061 -.0094 -6029 -.0014 .bo95 .00b7 .bo96 .0255 -6122 .04
38、06 .6164 .OB45 .6395 -1261 .6766 .1709-_. ,7289 .la86 .6823 -1807 .7172 .2256 .7837 -2621 .e622 .2898 .9586 -2955 1.0518 -2819 1.1403 .2425 1.2124- .2940 1.0874 .2630 1.1692 .2075 1.2219 .1323 1.2599 .os32 1.2811 -.a284 1.2739 -.lo14 1.2556 -.1552 1.2167 . _ 14 .- . . -. -. . . , . Provided by IHSNo
39、t for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-:0niig- ua+Aon 1311 a, des 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 00.00 05.00 10.00 07.00 10.00 115.W 120.01 125.0( I30.0C 135.0( 140.0C 135.0C l40.0C 145.0C 150.00 155.00 160.00 65.00 69.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 77.00 79.00 80.00 8
40、1.00 83.00 gs.00 -5.00 -3.00 -1.00 .oo 1.00 3.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 20.00 25.0C 30.0C 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 - 75.00 75.00 00.00 85-00 90.00 95.00 00.00 05.00 10.00 05.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 69.00 121
41、CN 1.1558 1.1411 1.1217 1.1041 1.0763 1.0431 1.0001 .9475 .9775 -9466 .E875 -8136 -7361 -6433 .5428 .4421 -4679 -3692 .2768 -2026 -1561 -1129 0764 -0510 -0540 e0240 -0076 .Or383 -.0023 -.0072 -.0127 -.0232 -. 0 34 5- -.0756 -.0443 -.0196 -.0003 .0147 -0430 -0701 .1427 -2143 .2859 -3071 -3782 -4398 -
42、 5070 .5553 -5896 .bo85 .5542 .5735 -5806 e5820 -5730 .5589 -5430 .5297 .5089 -4855 -4626 .4398 -4168 -3920 -3645 .3796 -3507 -3218 -2902 -2559 -2123 -1675 -1305 -0944 -0643 -0387 -0192 -0019 -.0048 -.Or358 - CA .4335 -384 I -3294 -2586 -1062 -0984 -.0219 - 1698 -.0812 -. 1783 -.3625 -.5620 -.7680 -
43、9704 -1.1491 - 1.2961 -1.1627 -1.3165 -1.4250 -1.5008 -1.5643 - 1.6224 -1.6639 - 1.101 5 -1.6223 -I. 6513 -1.6757 - 1.6820 - 1.6887 - 1-6901 -1.6926 - 1.6985 -_ -I. 7010 .0673 .8720 -8767 -8719 -0780 -876s -8742 -8740 -8696 .a571 -8598 .e417 -8117 -7918 -7681 -7275 .6795 .7119 -6658 .6125 -5736 .S2
44、16 -4643 a4052 .3918 .3312 -2675 -1970 -1127 -0186 -.lo09 -.254l -.1211 -.2783 -.4452 -. 6336 -a441 -1.0474 -1 -2277 -1.2559 - 1.3765 - 1.4642 -1.5483 -1.5976 -1.6414 -1.6773 -1.7003 H, - 3.5 -.0075 -.0172 -.0256 -.0336 -.om5 -.0425 -.Ob65 -.0484 -.0522 -.0526 -.0490 -.0412 -.0324 -.0171 .0010 e0193
45、 -.0077 -0093 .0188 -0226 -0246 .0239 .0210 -0166 -0229 .0175 -0105 -0069 ,0035 -0016 -. 000 1 -.0041 -.On78 -0135 -0084 -0027 -0002 -.0022 -.0075 -.0119 -.0234 -.0353 -.0477 -.0515 -.Ob36 -.0744 -.OB63 -.0946 -.0999 -. 1024 -.0934 -.0970 -.0985 -.0993 -.0985 -.0968 -.0958 -.0926 -.0882 -.OB34 -.078
46、5 -.0742 -.0703 -.Ob43 -.0692 -.0638 - .0558 -.OS60 -.0334 -.0171 -0019 -.0005 -0121 -0197 -0236 -0243 -0215 -0171 .0111 -.a995 CL -.ll96 -.1801 -.2303 -.2586 -.2793 -.2780 -.2376 - -.2081 -. 1563 -.0466 .0799 -2069 .3299 -4287 ,4944 .4913 .563b .5907 .5749 .5196 .4488 .3569 .2746 .3677 -2631 .1385
47、0797 -0318 .0072 -.0168 -? 1.1 39- -0003 -0014 -0007 -.OW3 -.0006 -.0030 -.Q064 -.0113 -.ole1 -.0244 -.On55 -.0129 -.0250 -.0389 -.0683 -.0975 -.1294 -.1115 -.I414 -.I687 -.2057 -.2305 -.2451 -2509 -.2414 -.2378 -.2242 -.1970 -. 1506 -.0907 -.0040 .1141 .0188 .1416 .2675 .4036 -5446 -6659 -7597 .79
48、58 -8125 -7871 .7407 . 6S18 -5596 .4387 -3301 -.ob57 CD CN 1.2286 1.1905 1.1461 1.1041 1.0560 1.0102 .9717 .9485 .9585 .9505 -9576 -9856 1.04S5 1.1166 1.1963 1.2771 1.1531 1.2458 1.3261 1.4010 i.4837 1.5632 1.6270 1.6799 1.5810 1.6304 1.6700 1.6801 1.688S 1.6901 1.6925 1.6974 1.697 5- -8706 .e731 .e
49、769 .a779 -8782 -8774 -0770 -8855 .a955 .9032 .9129 .9226 .9228 .9394 .9453 -9313 -9029 .a953 -8673 .E269 .7908 .73v7 .be40 -6294 -1 .5587 -5070 -4626 .4283 -4073 .W47 -4294 -3980 -4247 .4799 -568 1 .6938 .a359 -9865 .9804 1.1152 1.2363 1.3603 1.4560 1.5430 1.6190 1.6680 - - . _- 1.1537 1.1389 1.1191 1.0935 1.0607 1.0070 .968S .9157 .9235 .e
