1、2014 年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 It could not be ruled out that, sooner or later, the country would break out of the treaty.（A）confirmed（B） tolerated（C） excluded（D）refuted2 Lincoln, former president of the United States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.（A）sturdy（B） obstin
2、ate（C） permanent（D）manifest3 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.（A）tenacity（B） curiosity（C） civility（D）hostility4 I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.（A）harmful（B） persistent（C） interr
3、uptive（D）characteristic5 While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter, so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.（A）helpful（B） merciful（C） enthusiastic（D）intelligent6 The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke.（A）ignited（B） immersed（C） emitted（D）hugged7 The trade fair is de
4、signed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries.（A）promote（B） protect（C） preserve（D）prolong8 He was concerned only with the mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.（A）rational（B） obscure（C） worldly（D）eminent9 The earthquake
5、that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great man was lost.（A）casualty（B） catastrophe（C） catalogue（D）crusade10 The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.（A）prohibition （B） ins
6、urance（C） prophecy（D）guarantee11 The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones _together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.（A）are bound（B） to bind（C） bind them（D）bound12 Anthropology is a science_anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techn
7、iques to document observations that can be checked by others.（A）in that （B） that in （C） that（D）in13 _as 2500 B.C, the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.（A）In early（B） As early（C） Early（D）Was as early14 Deposits of gravel are formed_the weathering of rocks and the erosive and conce
8、ntrating action of rivers and waves.（A）whenever（B） as a result of（C） are due to（D）because15 A historical novel may do more than mirror history; _future events.（A）even influencing（B） it may even influence（C） may even influence（D）that it may even influence16 Robert S. Duncanson was considered a painte
9、r of the Hudson River School, _ on scenes of Americas unturned wilderness.（A）which concentrated（B） which concentrated it（C） which it concentrated（D）and which concentrated17 Although_rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.（A）Apparently（B
10、） are apparently（C） apparently their（D）are they apparently18 _begun to understand that the air and the oceans act as a single fluid when they exchange heat and gases.（A）In the past decade have only meteorologists（B） Only in the past decade have meteorologists（C） The only meteorologists in the past d
11、ecade（D）Only in the past decade meteorologists19 _wooden, buildings helps to protect them from damage due to weather.（A）Painting（B） Painted（C） The paint（D）By painting20 _one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.（A）On（B） At（C） By（D）To二、Reading
12、 Comprehension20 In eighteenth-century France and England, reformers rallied around egalitarian ideals, but few reformers advocated higher education for women. Although the public decried womens lack of education , it did not encourage learning for its own sake for women. In spite of the general pre
13、judice against learned women, there was one place where women could exhibit their erudition: the literary salon. Many writers have defined the womans role in the salon as that of an intelligent hostess, but the salon had more than a social function for women. It was an informal university, too, wher
14、e women exchanged ideas with educated persons, read their own works and heard those of others, and received and gave criticism.In the 1750s, when salons were firmly established in France, some English women, who called themselves “ Bluestocking,“ followed the example of the salonnieres(French salon
15、hostesses)and formed their own salons. Most Bluestockings did not wish to mirror the salonnieres; they simply desired to adapt a proven formula to their own purposethe elevation of womens status through moral and intellectual training. Differences in social orientation and background can account per
16、haps for differences in the nature of French and English salons. The French salon incorporated aristocratic attitudes that exalted courtly pleasure and emphasized artistic accomplishments. The English Bluestockings , originating from a more modest background, emphasized learning and work over pleasu
17、re. Accustomed to the regimented life of court circles, salonnieres tended toward formality in their salons. The English women, though somewhat puritanical, were more casual in their approach.At first, the Bluestockings did imitate the salonnieres by including men in their circles. However , as they
18、 gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a womens group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. In an atmosphere of mutual support, the Bluestockings went beyond
19、the salon experience. They traveled, studied, worked, wrote for publication, and by their activities challenged the stereotype of the passive woman. Although the salonnieres were aware of sexual inequality, the narrow boundaries of their world kept their intellectual pursuits within conventional lim
20、its. Many salonnieres, in fact, camouflaged their nontraditional activities behind the role of hostess and deferred to men in publicThough the Bluestockings were trailblazers when compared with the salonnieres, they were not feminists. They were too traditional, too hemmed in by their generation to
21、demand social and political rights. Nonetheless, in their desire for education, their willingness to go beyond the confines of the salon in pursuing their interests, and their championing of unity among women, the Bluestockings began the process of questioning womens role in society.21 Which of the
22、following best states the central idea of the passage?（A）The establishment of literary salons was a response to reformers demands for social rights for women.（B） Literary salons were originally intended to be a meeting ground for intellectuals of both sexes, but eventually became social gatherings w
23、ith little educational value.（C） In England, as in France, the general prejudice against higher education for women limited womens function in literary salons to a primarily social one.（D）For women, who did not have access to higher education as men did, literary salons provided an alternate route t
24、o learning and a challenge to some of societys basic assumptions about women.22 According to the passage, a significant distinction between the salonnieres and Bluestockings was in the way each group regarded which of the following?（A）The value of acquiring knowledge.（B） The role of pleasure in the
25、activities of the literary salon.（C） The desirability of a complete break with societal traditions.（D）The inclusion of women of different backgrounds in the salons.23 Which of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the salonnieres as described in the passage?（A）Women shou
26、ld aspire to be not only educated but independent as well.（B） The duty of the educated women is to provide an active political model for less educated women.（C） Devotion to pleasure and art is justified in itself.（D）Substance, rather than form, is the most important consideration in holding a litera
27、ry salon.24 Which of the following could best be considered a twentieth-century counterpart of an eighteenth century literary salon as it is described in the passage?（A）A social sorority（B） A community center（C） A lecture course on art（D）A humanities study group25 To an assertion that Bluestockings
28、were feminists, the author would most probably respond with which of the following?（A）Admitted uncertainty（B） Qualified disagreement（C） Unquestioning approval（D）Complete indifference25 Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But th
29、ere will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human , most of those instr
30、uctions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cel
31、ls havent begun to specialize.Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cellsbrain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct the
32、ir growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and
33、 may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly t
34、wo years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.For agriculture, in which purely physic
35、al characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menager
36、ie in the coming year.Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cell
37、s: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure. “26 The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will_.（A）aggravate moral issues of human cloning（B） bring great benefits to human beings（C） help sci
38、entists decode body instructions（D）involve employing surgical instruments27 The word “rejuvenated“(Para. 5)most probably means_.（A）modified（B） re-collected（C） classified（D）reactivated28 The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show_.（A）the isolation of stem cells（B） the effects of
39、 gene therapies（C） the advantages of human cloning（D）the limitations of tissue replacements29 Which of the following is true according to the text?（A）The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.（B） The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.（C） It is reasonable fo
40、r all body instructions to be activated.（D）Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.30 Towards the genetic research, the authors attitude can best be said to be that of_.（A）Frustration（B） Indifference（C） Amazement（D）Opposition30 The Fine Art of Marital FightingIn the morning his secr
41、etary quits, in the afternoon, his rival at the office gets a promotion; when he gets home that evening he finds out his wife has put a dent in the new car. He drinks four martinis before dinner, and blames his wife a lousy cook. She says how can he tell with all that gin in him, and he says she is
42、getting as mean tempered as her stupid mother, and she says at least her mother wasnt stupid enough to marry a phony slob, by which time he is bellowing like an enraged moose, she is shrieking and hurling dishes, the baby is screaming, the dogs are yapping, the neighbors are pounding on the walls, a
43、nd the cops are on their way. Suddenly a car screeches to the curb and a litter man with a tape recorder under his arm hops out and dashed inside.This scene is recurrent dream of George R. Bach, Ph. D. , a Los Angeles clinical psychologist and West Coast channel of the American Academy of Psychother
44、apy. For him, it is not a nightmare but a rosy fantasy of things to come. His great ambition is to set up a Los Angeles Clinical Night Center which any embattled husband or wife, regardless of race, creed, of hour of the night, could telephone and get a fair heating. Trained marriage counselors woul
45、d manage the switchboards, referee the disputes, tape-record the hubub for analysis at dawns early light, and if necessary, dispatch a mobile referee on a house call.He always has dreamed to become that referee. He studies human aggression, and he loves his work over the last twenty-five years, he h
46、as professionally analyzed 23,000 marital rights, including, he figures, at least 2500 of his own. Gifted marital gladiators in action thrill him as the sunset does the poet.Unfortunately, his clinical practice yields so few sunsets that Bach feels the future of American family life is gravely threa
47、tened. He recently told a startled audience of newsmen and psychiatrists at the annual meeting of the Ortho-Psychiatric Association that a primary aim of psychotherapy and marriage counseling should be “to teach couples to have more, shorter more constructive fights. Along with a growing number of h
48、is colleagues, he says, he has come to believe that proper training in “the fine art of marital fighting“ would not only improve domestic tranquility, it could reduce divorces by up to 90 percent.What dismays the doctor is not bloodshed per se; it is the native cowardice and abysmal crudity of Ameri
49、can domestic fighting style. Most husbands and wives, he has found, will avail themselves of any sneaky excuse to avoid a fight in the first place. But if cornered, they begin clobbering away at one another like dull-witted Neanderthals. “They are clumsy, weak-kneed, afflicted with poor aim, rotten timing, and no notion of counterpunching. Whats more, they fight dirty. Their favorite weapons are the low blow and the rock-filled glove.The cause of the shoddy, low estate of the marital fight ga
