1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 12 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it【C1】_develop a point of view. But this
2、hasnt stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing【C2 】_the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras theyre neat【C3】_for your PC, but theyre not suitable for everyday picture taking.The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital cameras are radically【C4】_what photography means and
3、what it can be. The venerable medium of photography【C5 】_we know, is beginning to seem out of【C6】_with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder【C7】_, saving pictures as digital【C8】_and watching them on TV is no less practical and in many ways more【C9】_than fumbling with rolls of film that must
4、 be sent off to be【C10】_.Paper is also terribly【C11】_Pictures that are incorrectly framed, 【C12 】_, or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the【C13】_. Still images that are【 C14】_digitally can immediately be shown on a computer【C15
5、】_, a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And since the points of light that【C16】_an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, 【C17】_being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted【C18】_Whats it li
6、ke to【C19】_with one of these digital cameras? Its a little like a first date exciting, confusing and fraught with【C20】_.1 【C1 】（A）rather than（B） let alone（C） much less（D）so as to2 【C2 】（A）on（B） with（C） to（D）by3 【C3 】（A）attachments（B） auxiliaries（C） attributes（D）counterparts4 【C4 】（A）reexplaining（B）
7、rearranging（C） reexposing（D）redefining5 【C5 】（A）though（B） if（C） as（D）unless6 【C6 】（A）rate（B） pace（C） step（D）speed7 【C7 】（A）environment（B） civilization（C） community（D）culture8 【C8 】（A）files（B） documentaries（C） programs（D）software9 【C9 】（A）appealing（B） facilitating（C） enlightening（D）encouraging10 【C10
8、 】（A）converted（B） developed（C） exposed（D）evolved11 【C11 】（A）unforgiving（B） unperceiving（C） unconsidering（D）unsympathizing12 【C12 】（A）aimed（B） targeted（C） focused（D）pointed13 【C13 】（A）regulations（B） rules（C） disciplines（D）principles14 【C14 】（A）gripped（B） seized（C） grasped（D）captured15 【C15 】（A）demons
9、trator（B） exhibitor（C） monitor（D）transmitter16 【C16 】（A）constitute（B） illuminate（C） penetrate（D）dissolve17 【C17 】（A）in case（B） rather than（C） as well as（D）as though18 【C18 】（A）on-digit（B） on-cable（C） on-line（D）on-data19 【C19 】（A）fire（B） maneuver（C） operate（D）shoot20 【C20 】（A）chances（B） probabilities
10、（C） opportunities（D）possibilitiesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Nine months after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the worlds economic crisis is still usually discussed as though it consisted of dire bank
11、balance-sheets, falling exports and bankruptcies or job losses in the West. But at the other end of the trail that starts with financial woes in rich countries are underweight children and anaemic expectant mothers in poor ones. New research by the United Nations standing committee on nutrition give
12、s a first estimate of how the crisis has hurt the group of people most affected by the crash: the very poorest.In 19902007, the number of hungry people rose by about 80m, though this was, by and large, a period of rising incomes in developing countries. In 2008 alone, the number rose a further 40m,
13、to 963m half as much in one year as during the previous 17. In other words, lots more children and pregnant women are not getting the food they need. The report reckons that the number of underweight children will rise from 121m to 125m by 2010, assuming no change in the size of the world economy (i
14、n fact, it is expected to shrink 2% this year). The World Bank has already estimated that until 2015 the crisis will lead to between 200, 000 and 400,000 more children dying every year.The poorest face two crises: the world recession and the resumption of food price rises. Food prices had been falli
15、ng but even then, the global price fall did not translate into a comparable decline on local markets in most poor countries, so the poor did not benefit much. World prices bottomed out in December 2008 and have since risen 26%. In the poorest countries, a rise of 50% in the price of staples pushes u
16、p the family food budget from 50% to 60% of household income.Initially, people skimp on non-staple foods, cutting the quality and diversity of their intake; in the next stage, the quantity and safety of diets suffer. That in turn damages their health. Currently, around 50m, or 40%, of pregnant women
17、 in developing countries are anaemic. Anaemia in expectant mothers, which causes low birth weight and unhealthier babies, is likely to rise by a further 1. 2m in Asia and 700,000 in Africa.To make matters worse, this is happening at a time when the global slump is causing job losses or wage squeezes
18、 everywhere worldwide unemployment rose to 6% in 2008 so in some poor countries, it now takes an extra ten hours a week or more to feed a family of five.The resulting burden falls heavily on women. As the report says starkly: “Women are usually the last to benefit from increasing income but they are
19、 usually the first to make sacrifices when the financial situation deteriorates. “21 According to the first two paragraphs,（A）the rich countries are the main victims of the economic crisis.（B） people are less likely to associate worlds economic downturn with the poorest.（C） the income in the develop
20、ing countries has been increasing in recent years.（D）the size of the world economy will be unchanged by 2010.22 Which of the following is true about the food price?（A）It falls with the global economic recession.（B） It had been dropping but has rebounded now.（C） It is decisive to the food shortage in
21、 poor countries.（D）It determines the family budget.23 To cut the food budget, people begin to（A）eat less regardless of health.（B） try to lose weight.（C） choose cheaper food.（D）work an extra ten hours.24 By saying “they are usually the first to make sacrifices“ (Line 2, Para. 6), the author means（A）w
22、omen are more susceptible to financial conditions.（B） women are willing to sacrifice their lives for their family.（C） women are usually the first victims of anaemia.（D）women tend to suffer more in bad economic situations.25 Which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）The Trail of Disas
23、ter.（B） The Economic Crisis.（C） The Hungry People.（D）World Recession and Job Losses.25 Lets not mince words: college can be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American College Health Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “so depressed it was difficult to function“ at least on
24、ce in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surveys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or burned himself and one in 10 had considered suicide.Given those numbers, its deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8. 5 percent o
25、f students used their colleges counseling services. In other words, students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help. “After Virginia Tech, students feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems,“ says Alison Malmon, the founder of Active Minds, a national group that p
26、romotes mental-health awareness on campus. “They think theyll be labeled as the crazy kid wholl shoot up the school. “Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to others, the overwhelming majority of their patients are no threat to anyone but themselves. “T
27、he things that make it into the media arent peoples everyday struggles, “ says Gregory Eells, head of Cornells counseling service and president of the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors. “We need to let students know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. “C
28、ounseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students. NYU freshmen are treated annually to a Reality Show, in which NYU student actors perform skits on topics from depression to drug abuse. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and a
29、re invited to “pajama party“ panels, where flannel-clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “Theres still a high level of stigma, “ says Richard Kadison, head of Harvards mental-health services. “Were trying to find creative ways of getting the messa
30、ge out. “Many campuses also offer online services allowing students to complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. “You take it in the privacy of your own dorm room not at some event where a bunch of other students might be watching you, “ says Katherine Cruise, a
31、director of Screening for Mental Health, a nonprofit that serves about 500 campuses. The results are confidential, but can help nudge students toward counseling services.Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves. “Its differen
32、t when you hear something from another student,“ says Semmie Kim, a neuro-science major who founded MITs chapter of Active Minds in 2007. Shes held events like a bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her groups most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympa
33、thetic ear. “We want to make students realize theyre not alone, “ she says. College will always be tough, but theres no need to suffer in silence.26 Which of the following has the least possibility to happen on mentally troubled undergraduates?（A）Feeling terribly depressed.（B） Having an eating disor
34、der.（C） Cutting themselves intentionally.（D）Considering committing suicide.27 The work of counseling services is challenging because（A）more and more college students suffer from mental-health problems.（B） though many students have mental-health problems, few of them seek counseling.（C） counselors ha
35、ve to keep an eye out for students who might hurt others.（D）counselors cant persuade students into believing that seeking treatment is a smart choice.28 The most effective way to regain students mental health is that（A）neuroscience majors found more associations in psychological aspect.（B） counselor
36、s hold mental-health screening sessions more frequently.（C） campuses offer more online services to keep students privacy.（D）outreach programs are created by students themselves.29 The word “nudge“ (Line 4, Para. 5) probably means（A）persuade.（B） estrange.（C） push.（D）ensure.30 According to the last pa
37、ragraph, we may infer that（A）undergraduates will continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.（B） less and less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.（C） more and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.（D）und
38、ergraduates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with counselors help.30 Our visit to the excavation of a Roman fort on a hill near Coventry was of more than archaeological interest. The years dig had been a fruitful one and had assembled evidence of a permanent military camp much l
39、arger than had at first been conjectured. We were greeted on the site by a group of excavators, some of them filling in a trench that had yielded an almost complete pot the day before, others enjoying the last-day luxury of a cigarette in the sun, but all happy to explain and talk about their work.
40、If we had not already known it, nothing would have suggested that this was a party of prisoners from the nearby prison. This is not the first time that prison labor has been used in work of this kind, but here the experiment, now two years old, has proved outstandingly satisfactory.From the archaeol
41、ogists point of view, prisoners provide a steady force of disciplined labor throughout the entire season, men to whom it is a serious days work, and not the rather carefree holiday job that it tends to be for the amateur archaeologist. Newcomers are comparatively few, and can soon be initiated by th
42、ose already trained in the work. Prisoners may also be more accustomed to heavy work like shoveling and carting soil than the majority of students. When Coventrys Keeper of Archaeology went to the prison to appeal for help, he was received cautiously by the men, but when the importance of the work w
43、as fully understood, far more volunteers were forthcoming than could actually be employed. When they got to work on the site, and their efforts produced pottery and building foundations in what until last year had been an ordinary field, their enthusiasm grew till they would sometimes work through t
44、heir lunch hour and tea break, and even carry on in the rain rather than sit it out in the hut. This was undoubtedly because the work was not only strenuous but absorbing, and called for considerable intelligence. The men worked always under professional supervision, but as the season went on they n
45、eeded less guidance and knew when an expert should be summoned. Disciplinary problems were negligible: the men were carefully selected for their good conduct and working on a party like this was too valuable a privilege to be thrown away.The Keeper of Archaeology said that this was by far the most s
46、atisfactory form of labor that he had ever had, and that it had produced results, in quantity and quality, that could not have been achieved by any other means.31 The visit to the excavation site was（A）of purely archaeological interest.（B） fruitful because a complete pot was discovered.（C） interesti
47、ng in more than one way.（D）made by a group of prisoners.32 It can be assumed that archaeologists（A）did not like the prisoners carefree attitude to work.（B） were willing to take only a few prisoners to work on the site.（C） were often forced to discipline the prisoners.（D）found that the prisoners work
48、ed far better than amateur archaeologists.33 How did prisoners demonstrate their attitude to work?（A）By spending most of their time sitting in a hut.（B） By insisting on professional guidance.（C） By taking no initiative.（D）By working voluntarily.34 When prisoners were selected for the work（A）many of
49、them refused to co-operate.（B） their previous behavior was taken into account.（C） they were told they must work in all weathers.（D）they were warned that there would be no privileges.35 According to the Keeper of Archaeology, which of the following is true?（A）He had expected more of the fort to be revealed.（B） He had a full understanding of the importance of work.（C） The prisoners were too cautious at the beginning.（D）Only prison labor cou
