1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 46（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 When three Florida boys were diagnosed as having AIDS, their barber refused to cut their hair and their house was burned down by neig
2、hbors. These reactions may be (1)_, but other AIDS sufferers have experienced job loss, (2)_ of insurance, and even (3)_ by their families and friends. Social scientists use the term stigma to describe the discredit and shame that public hostility can (4)_ a group of people. (5)_, AIDS sufferers are
3、 often stigmatized.Where do these stigmatizing attitudes come from? AIDS forces us to confront our own (6)_ in a particularly (7)_ way, because most of its victims are young. Some people (8)_ feelings of vulnerability by convincing themselves that AIDS victims are not like them and (9)_ their fate.
4、They define AIDS (10)_ something that can happen only to members of certain groups. Because homosexuals are already a target of (11)_, peoples intolerance becomes (12)_ to victims of the disease.The stigma of AIDS has created a (13)_ for people who think they may be (14)_ risk. Should they (15)_ the
5、mselves tested for HIVand risk discrimination if their test results are positive? (16)_ should they avoid being tested? Many people take the (17)_ course. Even when HIV testing is required by law, many people (18)_ great lengths to avoid it. The tragic result is that many people who have the virus d
6、o not (19)_ out about it, do not receive treatment, and remain (20)_ to spread the virus to others.（A）radical（B） extreme（C） negative（D）unappealing（A）deletion（B） defiance（C） suspension（D）cancellation（A）rejection（B） abolition（C） injection（D）condemnation（A）devote to（B） put to（C） associate with（D）impose
7、 on（A）In total（B） In contrast（C） In short（D）As a result（A）mortality（B） morality（C） immorality（D）immortality（A）acute（B） violent（C） sentimental（D）active（A）take off（B） fend off（C） resort to（D）make up for（A）preserve（B） conserve（C） deserve（D）reserve（A）by（B） as（C） with（D）for（A）injustice（B） prejudice（C） at
8、tention（D）snobbery（A）joined（B） restrained（C） attached（D）linked（A）dilemma（B） obstruction（C） confusion（D）perplexity（A）at（B） on（C） with（D）within（A）take（B） make（C） have（D）let（A）Either（B） Otherwise（C） Nor（D）Or（A）later（B） late（C） latest（D）latter（A）come to（B） take（C） go to（D）bear（A）figure（B） find（C） try（D）
9、straighten（A）likely（B） possible（C） probable（D）liablePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 “My own feelings went from disbelief to excitement to downright fear“, says Carl Hergenrother, 23, an Arizona undergraduat
10、e who verified a large asteroid barreling toward Earth with a 230cm telescope atop nearby Kitt Peak. “It was scary, because there was the possibility that we were confirming the demise of some city somewhere, or some state or small country“.Well, not quite. Early last week, his celestial interloper
11、whizzed by Earth, missing the planet by 450620 kma hairbreadth in astronomical terms. Perhaps half a kilometer across, it was the largest object ever observed to pass that close to Earth.Duncan Steel, an Australian astronomer, has calculated that if the asteroid had struck Earth, it would have hit a
12、t some 93450 km/h. The resulting explosion, scientists estimate, would have been in the 3000-to-12000-megaton range. That, says astronomer Eugene Shoemaker, a pioneer asteroid and comet hunter, “is like taking all of the U.S. and Soviet nuclear weapons, putting them in one pile and blowing them all
13、up“.And what if one them is found to be on a collision course with Earth? Scientists at the national laboratories at Livermore, California, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, have devised a number of ingenious plans that, given enough warning time, could protect Earth from a threatening NEO. Their defensiv
14、e weapons of choice include long-distance missiles with conventional or, more likely, nuclear warheads that could be used either to nudge an asteroid into a safe orbit or blast it to smithereens.Many people-including some astronomersare understandably nervous about putting a standby squadron of nucl
15、ear tipped missiles in place. Hence the latest strategy, which in some cases would obviate the need for a nuclear defense: propelling a fusillade of cannonball-size steel spheres at an approaching asteroid. In a high-velocity encounter with a speeding NEO, explains Gregory Canavan, a senior scientis
16、t at Los Alamos, “the kinetic energy of the balls would change into heat energy and blow the thing apart“.Some astronomers oppose any immediate defensive preparations, citing the high costs and low odds of a large objects striking Earth in the coming decades. But at the very least, Shoemaker contend
17、s, NEO detection should be accelerated. “Theres this thing called the giggle factor in Congress“, he says, “people in Congress and also at the top level in NASA still dont take it seriously. But we should move ahead. Its a matter of prudence“.The world, however, still seems largely unconcerned with
18、the danger posed by large bodies hurtling in from space, despite the spectacle two years ago of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 riddling the planet Jupiter with mammoth explosions. It remains to be seen whether last weeks record near-miss has changed any minds.21 From the first three paragraphs, we learn tha
19、t _.（A）the earth narrowly escaped a catastrophe.（B） one asteroid almost destroyed an entire city.（C） asteroids are comparable to nuclear weapons.（D）the planet earth is vulnerable to dangers.22 When mentioning the “the 3000-to-12000-megaton range“ (Para. 3), the writer is talking about _.（A）striking
20、spectacles.（B） conventional weapons.（C） explosive impact.（D）defensive strategies.23 The description of Congresss “giggle factor“ (Para. 6) shows the writers _.（A）appreciation.（B） disbelief.（C） excitement.（D）ridicule.24 According to the text, “nuclear tipped missiles“ and “cannonball-size steel spher
21、es“ (Para. 5) _.（A）are different in nature.（B） serve similar functions.（C） are identical to each other.（D）pose real challenges.25 It seems that the writer is _.（A）active to fend off invading asteroids.（B） largely unconcerned with the danger.（C） interested in military initiatives.（D）enthusiastic abou
22、t spotting asteroids.25 Henric Ibsen, author of the play “ A Dolls House” , in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40%
23、of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or fa
24、ce the legal consequences which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe o
25、r Americas 15% for the Fortune 500. Norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen.” I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “ Board members of public companies sho
26、uld be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of
27、this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “ golden skirts” . One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It ha
28、s been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account.
29、 Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. “Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms. Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norways chairman of the year for 2007.26 The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to（
30、A）depict womens dilemma at work.（B） explain the newly passed law.（C） support Norwegian government.（D）introduce the topic under discussion. 27 A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to（A）pay a heavy fine.（B） close down its business.（C） change into a private business.（D）sign a
31、 document promising to act. 28 To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?（A）A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.（B） A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.（C） A common principle should be followed by all companies.（D）An inexperienced businessman is not
32、subject to the new law. 29 The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to（A）the small number of qualified females in management.（B） the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies.（C） the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions.（D）the discrimination toward w
33、omen in Norwegian business circles. 30 The main idea of the text might be（A）female power and liberation in Norway.（B） the significance of Henric Ibsens play.（C） womens status in Norwegian firms.（D）the constitution of board members in Norway. 30 For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly
34、 to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the
35、 notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this mean
36、s was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a pos
37、tcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and th
38、rough the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!“ (No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitel
39、y softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across
40、 the wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all ha
41、rd going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for
42、ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced verna
43、culars of their own: so that the word for “people“, for instance, might be nais, sah ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understandi
44、ng and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writ
45、ing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervo
46、usly awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.31 Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?（A）He had a neat and clea
47、n appearance.（B） He was volatile and highly emotional（C） He was very modest about his success in teaching.（D）He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching. 32 It is known from the passage that the writer_.（A）had a good command of French（B） couldnt make sounds properly when learning A
48、rabic（C） spoke highly of Mr Beheits achievements in language teaching（D）didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching 33 It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was_.（A）a fast speaker（B） a boring speaker（C） a laconic speaker（D）an interesting speaker 34 The word “modicum“ in the last paragraph can be re
49、placed by_.（A）competence（B） excellence（C） mimicry（D）smattering 35 Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?（A）The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.（B） The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.（C） The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.（D）The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunci
