1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 112 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you.The clock, called S
2、leepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【C1】_ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【C2】_ rousing you. Its makers say that should【C3 】 _ you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.As you sleep you pass【 C4】_ a sequence of sleep stateslight sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sl
3、eepthat【C5】_ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【C6】_ how you feel later, and may【C7】_ have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【C8】_ you are more likely to wake up energetic.SleepSmart【C9 】_ the distinct
4、 pattern of brain waves【C10】_ during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【C11】 _ electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the【C12】_ way as some machines used for medical and research【C13】_ , and communicates wirelessly with a c
5、lock unit near the bed. You【C14】_ the clock with the latest time at【C15】_ you want to be wakened, and it【C16】_ duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.The【C17 】_ was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island【C18 】_ a friend complained of waking up
6、tired and performing poorly on a test.【C19 】_ sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【C20】_ to do about it,“ says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.1 【C
7、1 】（A）beside（B） near（C） for（D）around2 【C2 】（A）upon（B） before（C） towards（D）till3 【C3 】（A）ensure（B） assure（C） require（D）request4 【C4 】（A）through（B） into（C） about（D）on5 【C5 】（A）reveals（B） reverses（C） resumes（D）repeats6 【C6 】（A）effect（B） affect（C） reflect（D）perfect7 【C7 】（A）already（B） ever（C） never（D）ev
8、en8 【C8 】（A）means（B） marks（C） says（D）dictates9 【C9 】（A）removes（B） relieves（C） records（D）recalls10 【C10 】（A）proceeded（B） produced（C） pronounced（D）progressed11 【C11 】（A）by（B） of（C） with（D）over12 【C12 】（A）familiar（B） similar（C） identical（D）same13 【C13 】（A）findings（B） prospects（C） proposals（D）purposes14
9、 【C14 】（A）prompt（B） program（C） plug（D）plan15 【C15 】（A）where（B） this（C） which（D）that16 【C16 】（A）then（B） also（C） almost（D）yet17 【C17 】（A）claim（B） conclusion（C） concept（D）explanation18 【C18 】（A）once（B） after（C） since（D）while19 【C19 】（A）Besides（B） Despite（C） To（D）As20 【C20 】（A）what（B） how（C） whether（D）w
10、henPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many t
11、op designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton,
12、says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to,“ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually i
13、ndistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns
14、 out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings) , we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,“ says Griffin. Trawlers (which d
15、rag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long-line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll(损失 ) on turtles.Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global wa
16、rming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a cre
17、ature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙 ) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. 31 We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（A）human activities have changed the way turtles survive（B） efforts have been ma
18、de to protect turtles from dying out（C） government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction（D）marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction32 What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness“ (Line 1 , Para. 2)?（A）Nature is quite fair r
19、egarding the survival of turtles.（B） Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.（C） The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.（D）The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.33 What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to
20、 Elizabeth Griffin?（A）Their inadequate food supply.（B） Unregulated commercial fishing.（C） Their lower reproductive ability.（D）Contamination of sea water.34 How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?（A）It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.（B） The changing climate makes i
21、t difficult for their eggs to hatch.（C） The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.（D）It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.35 The last sentence of the passage is meant to_.（A）persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles（B） stress that even th
22、e most ugly species should be protected（C） call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival（D）warn our descendants about the extinction of species35 While still catching up to men in some fields of modern life, women appear to be far ahead in at least one undesirable aspect. “Women are par
23、ticularly liable to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.“ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone (荷尔蒙) somehow affect the stress response, c
24、ausing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a w
25、omans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities“ for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with.“ says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,“ she observes, “its jus
26、t that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. “Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “ I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to
27、combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from thes
28、e longer relationships can be quite devastating. “Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. “ La
29、ter, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “ Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most wom
30、en today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.36 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragrap
31、hs?（A）Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.（B） Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.（C） Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.（D）Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.37 Dr. Ychudas research suggests that women_.（A）need extra
32、doses of chemicals to handle stress（B） have limited capacity for tolerating stress（C） are more capable of avoiding stress（D）are exposed to more stress38 According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_.（A）domestic and temporary（B） irregular and violent（C） durable and frequent（D）trivi
33、al and random39 The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “(Para. 5) shows that_.（A）Alvarez cared about nothing but making money（B） Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses（C） Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs（D）Alvarez paid practically everything by check40 Which of the
34、following would be the best title for the text?（A）Strain of Stress: No Way Out?（B） Response to Stress: Gender Difference（C） Stress Analysis; What Chemicals Say?（D）Gender Inequality: Women Under StressPart B (10 points) 40 A What to do as a studentB Various definitions of plagiarismC Ideas should alw
35、ays be sourcedD Ignorance can be forgivenE Plagiarism is equivalent to theftF The consequences of plagiarismG Acknowledgement should substitute plagiarismScholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another persons ideas. In the
36、English-speaking world, the term plagiarism (抄袭) is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of ones ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation(盗用) or purloining (偷窃) , and publication as ones own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another. “【R1 】_
37、The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion (开除) from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may
38、 range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scr
39、upulous attention to documentation of their sources.【R2 】_Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire(可怕的
40、) consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.【R3 】_Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the write
41、rs inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no refer
42、ence to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt(被免除的) from being severely punished.【R4 】_Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know
43、 how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliographyare easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in
44、 the expression of them,“ the writer cannot plead (为辩护) ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.【R5 】_The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for hi
45、s own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers
46、make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrow
47、ed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.41 【R1 】42 【R2 】43 【R3 】44 【R4 】45 【R5 】Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 Drinking water and
48、water for domestic use often come from groundwater. In order to protect this water, local water authorities can apply to local administrative authorities to mark certain locations as water protection areas. The size of these areas is calculated in such a way that the quantity of groundwater taken fr
49、om them corresponds to the actual rainfall going into them. In the water protection areas certain uses of the land and activities on the land are banned or restricted. Water protection areas fall into three zones. Zone 3 is the outermost zone with a diameter of 4 kilometers around the groundwater well. Here no chemical works or the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) are allowed. Zone 2 i
