1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 127 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Back in the 1990s, a well-known computer scientist had an unusual way of introducing himself to women. According to industry lore, the brilliant but soc
2、ially awkward technologist would sidle up to women at hotel bars and say: “Do you know who I am? Im famous on the Internet.“ The tactic was not typically successful.The computer scientist either had a sly sense of humor or badly miscalculated the value of Internet fame. Being famous exclusively on t
3、he Internet has always been worth considerably less than real world celebrity. It doesnt get you past any velvet ropes, onto Oprahs guest sofa or entice the paparazzi into following you. But notoriety on the Net is being pursued with increasing vigor these days.Since fame equals attention, and atten
4、tion draws visitorswhich can be converted into dollars through online advertisingfame on the Internet can directly generate money. It may or may not translate into romantic success at a hotel bar, but being famous on the Internet is beginning to grant plenty of other benefits.Only a few years ago, f
5、ame on the Internet was more closely associated with infamy than achievement. Internet celebrities rocketed across the firmament like shooting stars, propelled by their very public embarrassments. In 1999, a Turkish man named Mahir turned himself into an online celebrity with a Web site that greeted
6、 visitors, “I kiss you!“ and asserted his own stupidness in badly broken English. A month later, a dot-com was treating him like their new mascot and flying him around the world.But now its suddenly more respectable. Online personalities set up sites, build audiences and slowly accumulate notoriety.
7、 Web celebrities can architect their own ascent and stick around for a while. Internet fame still remains different than real fame in many ways. To achieve real fame, you must please the masses. Internet fame is most efficiently attained by appealing to a sophisticated niche audience, then growing t
8、he fan base from there.Real celebrities get confronted by admirers on the street and in restaurants. Internet celebrities are more likely to be interrupted at home, by megabytes of unsolicited e-mail from people who think they have a personal relationship with them. Internet fame can also be cultiva
9、ted almost entirely by yourself, with a PC, lots of free time and some ingenuity. There are no intermediaries, and you get to choose exactly how much of yourself you reveal. The masses vote on your worthiness with their attention.1 Why was the well-known computer scientists introduction tactic not v
10、ery successful?（A）Because he was brilliant.（B） Because he sidled up to the woman in bars.（C） Because he overestimated his fame.（D）Because he was a computer scientist.2 We can learn from the text that being a guest on Oprahs couch_.（A）is badly miscalculated（B） is worse than being on the Internet（C） i
11、s more worthy than being famous on the Internet（D）is valued considerably less than being followed by the paparazzi3 Mahir became famous because_.（A）he was adopted by a dot-com company（B） he kissed all his visitors（C） he had the only English website in Turkey（D）of his poor English4 To achieve real fa
12、me online you must_.（A）appeal to the masses（B） be notorious in a very short time（C） be efficient in building up a website（D）please a small but growing select audience5 What does the author think of real fame?（A）It should be pursued.（B） It is better than Internet fame in every way.（C） It can only be
13、achieved by appealing to a sophisticated niche.（D）It cant be cultivated by yourself.5 “How do I get into journalism?“ is a question that almost anyone who works in this trade will have been asked by friends, godchildren, passing students and, in some cases, their parents. The answer, of course, is:
14、“with difficulty“.A breezily written new book by the writer, broadcaster and former editor of the Independent on Sunday, Kim Fletcher, recognises this. Its purpose, broadly, is to answer the question posed above, and to offer some tips on how to stay in journalism once you get there. Tenacity matter
15、s above all; and theres a reason to be tenacious. Journalists now are arguably more professional, and certainly more sober, than in the hot metal days of old Fleet Street, but being a hack is still more fun than a barrel of monkeys. You get to have adventures and then write about them. As Fletcher s
16、ays: “You would do it even if they didnt pay you.“Landing that job is a cat that can be skinned in dozens of ways. In the old days, youd learn the trade as an indentured apprentice on a regional newspaperworking your way through the newsroom covering jam-making competitions and parish council meetin
17、gs and, occasionally, bracing yourself for the grim task of the “death-knock“, where you interview the grieving parents of that weeks Tragic Tot, and trouser as many of their family photographs as you can. And thence, in some cases, to Fleet Streetthough as Mr Fletcher points out, nationals are not
18、the be-all and end-all of journalism, and many extremely good hacks prefer to remain on local papers, or ply their trade happily in magazines.You can start writing features or reports for some of the many trade and specialist magazines. Or you can sneak straight on to a national as a junior gossip c
19、olumnist. Others get started by submitting ideas and articles on a freelance basis.As Fletcher points out, the editor or section editor to whom you write ismost of the time itching to throw your letter away; asking you in for an interview, or reading your cuttings, is a time-consuming and probably b
20、oring task he would rather avoid. Misspelling his name, or mistaking his job title, is a gift of an excuse to slam-dunk your letter in the cylindrical filing cabinet. Reporters are supposed to be good at finding things out. If you cant even find out the name of the person you are asking for a job, y
21、ou arent going to be a good reporter.6 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（A）posing a contrast（B） justifying an assumption（C） making a comparison（D）describing a phenomenon7 In what way does the text imply that journalism has changed?（A）Journalists make more money.（B） Journ
22、alists are more serious.（C） It is easier to find a job.（D）It is harder to keep a job.8 Where do the best journalists work?（A）Fleet Street.（B） For the national newspapers.（C） Anywhere that accepts features writers.（D）In a variety of places.9 It can be inferred from the third and fourth paragraphs tha
23、t_.（A）there are very few ways to get started in journalism（B） it is more difficult now to work your way up than it was before（C） there are a myriad of doors leading to journalism（D）most people work on a freelance basis10 Ms. Fletcher reminds us that editors_.（A）are usually itchy（B） look for mistake（
24、C） often misspell names（D）enjoy reading resumes and writing samples10 Men and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new resear
25、ch reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research al
26、ong with colleagues from the University of New Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to general intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared to men.
27、“These findings suggest that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior,“ said Haier, adding that, “by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment di
28、seases in the brain.“The results are detailed in the online version of the journal NeuroImage. In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel
29、at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distr
30、ibuted gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that while men and women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways, men and women perform equally well on broad measures of cognitive ability, such as intelligence tests.T
31、his research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located in the frontal lobes, whereas the perc
32、entages of these regions in a mans frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. This matches up well with clinical data that shows frontal lobe damage in women to be much more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope that this research will someday help docto
33、rs diagnose brain disorders in men and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precise treatments for brain damage.11 Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 1?（A）The brain is a monolithic organ.（B） Intellectual ability depends on which part of t
34、he brain is used.（C） Intellectual ability varies between men and women.（D）The anatomy of mens brains and womens brains differ.12 According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because_.（A）it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the brain when dealing with diseases that affect thought p
35、rocesses（B） it shows that men and women are equally intelligent（C） it shows that men and women are equally intelligent overall, but specialise in different ways of thinking（D）many diseases of the brain are specific to gender or the other13 Which of the following statements is true about gray brain m
36、atter?（A）It helps put together information from different parts of the brain.（B） It is used for processing information.（C） There is less of it in mens brains.（D）There is a direct correlation between the amount of gray brain matter and mathematical ability.14 Which of the following statements is fals
37、e about white brain matter?（A）Women have more of it than men.（B） It is used for putting together information from different parts of the brain.（C） There is a direct correlation between the amount of white brain matter and linguistic ability.（D）The amount of white brain matter is not directly related
38、 to overall intelligence.15 The final paragraph suggests that_.（A）men and women are equally intelligent（B） men and women have different frontal lobes（C） head injuries can have varied effects, according to whether a person is male or female（D）the research will be useful to other scientists15 Nano-siz
39、ed toothbrushes that can clean very small surfaces have been developed by researchers. Fabricated out of millions of carbon nanotubes, the minuscule brushes could even paint the inside of capillaries thinner than a human hair.But besides being small, the nanotubes have other advantages over traditio
40、nal bristles, says one of their creators Pulickel Ajayan at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. The materials typically used for making brush bristles include animal hairs, synthetic polymer fibres and metal wires. But each has its limitations. Metals corrode and weaken, hair is not
41、very strong and synthetic fibres melt.Carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, are 30 times stronger than steel, yet five times less dense. They are highly elastic, resistant to heat, have large surface areas and even conduct electricity. The latter property makes them highly suitable for the contact br
42、ushes used in electric motors, says Ajayan.He and Anyuan Cao at Rensselaer, in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, U.S., have designed brushes consisting of a silicon carbide fibre base on which the carbon nanotubes are grown in a single row of bristles like a toot
43、hbrush, or in groups of bristles more like a toilet brush. One end of the base is coated with gold, which acts like a “handle“ and also inhibits nanotube growth at that end. The dimensions can be varied dramatically, says Ajayan, but typically the bundle of nanotubes is no smaller than a few microme
44、tres in diameter.The brushes could have a variety of applications. They have already been used to sweep particles measuring just 50 nanometres in diameter off a plain surface, and off another surface pitted with microscopic grooves. The researchers have also attached the gold handle of a three-prong
45、ed brush to the shaft of a small electric motor. This allowed them to rotate the bristles inside a 300-micrometre-wide capillary tube, cleaning contamination off its walls. Then, by coating the brush with a red dye, they were able to paint the inside of the cavity using the same approach.The brushes
46、 ability to clean small particles appears to be extremely good, says Ajayan, although he is still not sure why. “Perhaps the cleaning occurs by electrostatic interactions, and since the surface area of the nanostructures is large, the cleaning is possibly more effective.“ The aim now is to apply the
47、 brushes to more specific microelectronic and biomedical applications.16 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of the nanotube brushes?（A）Their size.（B） Their strength to weight ratio.（C） Their ability to withstand extreme cold.（D）Their flexibility.17 Gold is used in making the bru
48、shes because_.（A）it is an excellent glue（B） it forces the nanotubes to grow in a given direction（C） it forms a particularly strong handle, or base, for the nanotubes（D）it can be moulded into different shapes18 The word “capillary“, as used throughout the text, means “_“.（A）objects having a similar s
49、ize and shape to hairs（B） blood vessels（C） any tubular object having a small internal diameter（D）contact brushes in microchips19 Which kind of publication is this text probably taken from?（A）A specialised scientific publication.（B） A newspaper.（C） A report for potential purchasers of nanotube technology.（D）A science magazine aimed at people from non-scientific backgrounds.20 It can be inferred from the final paragraph that_.（A）Ajayan is more concerned with results than “hows and whys“（B） Ajayan has not fully
