1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 292（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Wh
2、en the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 Attending a College or University in the USAEach year, many foreign students wish to go to the colleges and u
3、niversities in the USA to pursue their study. In order to realize their dreams, they should make careful preparations and know more about colleges and universities there. The 1st Step-Visit an American Educational Advising CenterA. more than 400 offices all over the worldB. log on to the Internet an
4、d find the (1)【1】_C. go to the State Department Education Foreign Student Web pageD. get some information from the US embassy. Colleges and Universities in the United States-Offer Different Kinds of (2)【 2】_ A. some schools certificate programs-one year of training in subjects like office work, (3)o
5、r car repair 【3】_ B. junior college or community college-an associate degree-two-year programs such as the one that prepares students for skilled jobs in (4)【4】_C. colleges or universities-a bachelors degree-four-year study in general subjects like English, history, mathematics, and science as well
6、as (5)during the last two years 【5】_D. graduate schools-a masters degree-two or three years of study in one subject-for those who want to be (6), medical doctor or lawyer, they 【6】_ should have three and six years of additional study. The Difference Between Colleges and UniversitiesA. college studen
7、ts-four years-a bachelors degree when completing study successfully -no (7)【7】_-no support for research projects-study on (8)(train a persons mind)【8】_-one area of studyB. university students-four years; additional years-a bachelors degree; a graduate degree-several programs in many areas of study-d
8、o research. A Way to Get a Degree-Stay at Home and Use a ComputerA. online classes-two advantages: dont have to travel; have (9)【9】_B. colleges that offer academic degrees online-Jones International University: offers both bachelors degrees and (10)【10】_-The University of Phoenix-Cardean University:
9、 offers a masters of Business Administration degree1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end
10、 of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned by Christine Carpenter as what a good resume should be?（A）It should be elaborate.（B） It should be customized to the company
11、or position one is applying for.（C） It should be easy to read.（D）It should be on good bond paper. 12 Which of the following is TRUE about the section of qualifications summary?（A）This section is a must in a resume.（B） This section aims to summarize the applicants character traits.（C） This section sh
12、ould be limited to 1 or 2 lines.（D）This section helps grab employers attention. 13 The resume of someone with working experience is different from that of a college graduate in _.（A）the length（B） the highlight（C） the language（D）the format 14 The cover letter should be addressed _.（A）to whom it may c
13、oncern（B） to the head of the personnel department（C） to a specific person（D）to the company 15 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something to be avoided in a good cover letter?（A）Greetings.（B） Being too long.（C） Reiterating whats in the resume.（D）Brilliant language. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTD
14、irections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.16 Which of the following statements is CORRECT?（A）Its Rice s fourth trip to the Middle East a
15、nd Africa this year.（B） The Bush administration Wok a neutral stand after Hamas controlled Gaza strip.（C） Rice will meet both Palestinian President and Israeli Prime Minister.（D）Rice may attend a meeting in Jerusalem of the Middle East Quartet. 17 The Middle East Quartet includes the following EXCEP
16、T _ .（A）NATO（B） Russia（C） the United States（D）the United Nations 18 The ceremony celebrating the countdown of the Olympic Games manifested Chinas _ .（A）economic power（B） celebration-planning skills（C） national security（D）artistic features 19 According to the news, Chinas _ has ensured that the venue
17、s of the Olympic Games will be completed in time.（A）economy and politics（B） human resource（C） advanced technology（D）financial capacity and labour supply 20 What is President Bushs proposal to help the sub-prime mortgage holders?（A）Granting loans from the Central Bank.（B） Waiving mortgage holders deb
18、ts.（C） Modernizing the Federal Housing Administration.（D）Restructuring companies that offer sub-prime loans. 20 In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no li
19、ability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,0O0.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellen
20、t book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful“ child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless“ child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents
21、, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.“ Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory educ
22、ation laws predicated in pan on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex, The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especial
23、ly in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, . although clearly shaped
24、by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,“ Zelizer maintains, “was also pan of a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives.“ Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, sh
25、e suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,“ who have analyzed such tradi
26、tionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,“ these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of
27、maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange“ or “surrender“ value on the market, that is, the con
28、version of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.21 It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the _.（A）earnings of the person at titan of death（B） wealth of the party causin
29、g the death（C） degree of guilt of the party causing the death（D）amount of suffering endured by the family of the person killed 22 It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800 s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who _.（A）needed enormous amounts of securit
30、y and affection（B） required constant supervision while working（C） were important to the economic well-being of a family（D）were financial burdens assumed for the good of society 23 Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would most likely come from
31、sociological economists?（A）Parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing, of their children.（B） Childrens expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.（C） Compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.（
32、D）Changes in the law made available of indemnity for damages in accidental-death cases. 24 Which of the following statements of American families in 19th century can be inferred from the passage?（A）Family members became more economically dependent on each other.（B） The percentage of families involve
33、d in industrial work declined dramatically.（C） Family members became mom emotionally bonded to one another.（D）Family members spent an increasing amount of time working with each other. 25 Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth EXC
34、EPT changes in _.（A）the nature of industry（B） the nature of the family（C） attitudes toward reform movements（D）attitudes toward the marketplace 25 Replying to our Christmas “good guru guide“, Peter Drunker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word “guru“ had become popular onl
35、y because “charlatan“ was too long a word for most headlines. Few people are easier to ridicule than management gums. Irrepressible self-publicists and slavish fashion-merchants, they make a splendid living out of recycling other peoples ideas (“chaos management“), coining euphemisms (“downsizing“)
36、and laboring the obvious (“managing by wandering around“ or the customer is king“). Their books draw heavily on particular case studiesoften out-of-date ones that have nasty knack of collapsing later. And their ideas change quickly. Tom Peters, once a self-confessed sycophant to the corporate behemo
37、th, is now an apostle of the small, chaotic, “virtual“ organization.Gurus do have their uses, however. Begin with the circumstantial evidence. In America, where management theories are treated with undue reverence, business is bouncing back. In Germany, where business schools hardly exist and manage
38、ment theory is widely seen as an oxymoron, many companies are in trouble. German business magazines are suddenly brimming with articles about “downsizing“ and “business process re-engineering“. In Japan firms are once again turning to business theories from Americajust as their fathers learnt after
39、the Second World War from American quality-control techniques. Coincidence does not prove causation: American firms were just as much in love with gurus when they ware doing badly. But the fact that Germans and Japanese are paying attention again does offer some dues. The most important point in fav
40、or of management theories is that they are on the side of change. In 1927 a group of psychologists studying productivity at Western Electrics Hawthorne factory in Illinois found that workers increased their output whenever the level of lighting was changed, up or down. At the very least, theorists c
41、an make change easier by identifying problems, acting as scapegoats for managersor simply making people think. A vested interest in change can lead to faddism. But, taken with a requisite dose of scepticism, it can be fine complacency-shaker.A second argument for gurus relates to knowledge. The best
42、 management theorists collect a lot of information about what makes firms successful. This varies from the highly technical, such as how to discount future cash flow, to softer organizational theories. Few would dispute the usefulness of the first. It is in the second areathe land of “flat hierarchi
43、es and “multi-functional teams“that gums have most often stumbled against or contradicted each other. This knowledge is not obviously prodding a strategic recipe for success: there are too many variables in business, and if all competitors used the same recipe it would automatically cease to work. B
44、ut it does provide something managers want: information about, and understanding of, other companies experience in trying out tacticsthinner management structures, handing power to workers, performance-related pay, or whatever.A good analogy may be with diets. There is no such thing as the “correct“
45、 diet, but it is clear that some foods, in some quantities, axe better for you than others: and it is also likely that the main virtue of following a diet is not what you eat but the fact that it forces you to think about it. If management diets come with a lot of hype and some snake-oil, so be it.2
46、6 Which of the following is the most suitable in meaning for the word “guru“ in the passage?（A）philosopher.（B） company boss.（C） worker.（D）management theorist. 27 The second paragraph seems to suggest that Germans _.（A）have no business schools（B） never discuss management theory（C） are beginning to re
47、alize the importance of management theory（D）refuse to accept American values 28 The 1927 study case described in the second paragraph is used to _.（A）illustrate the usefulness of management theorists（B） demonstrate the efficiency of management theorists（C） show the important role of psychologists（D）
48、reveal the flexibility of the workers 29 Which of the following rifles is the most appropriate for the passage?（A）In Defense of the Gum.（B） A Sharp Word for the Guru.（C） the Weakness of the Gum,（D）Gumsa Guarantee for Success. 29 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
49、 of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.“My dear Mr. Bennet,“ said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?“Mr. Ben
