1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 2（无答案）0 When a doctor determines your risk for heart disease, he or she might look at your weight and blood pressure. But soon, they may also look at your neck. Independent of other factors, the width of your neck may play a role in determining your heart disease risk, according to re
2、searchers with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, who presented their data Wednesday at a meeting of the American Heart Association in Orlando, Fla.“ Its very interesting that neck circumference was associated with(higher measures of)heart disease risk, “ said Dr.
3、Vijay Nambi, a cardiologist at the Baylor College of Medicine, who was not involved with the research. He noted that if the results of the preliminary research hold up after further study, it could provide a novel approach in determining a patients risk. “We normally end up struggling with trying to
4、 find out what are the best measures of obesity and fat?“ said Nambi.Since this is the first presentation of the data, Sarah Rosner Preis, a postdoctoral fellow in NHLBI and the studys lead author, noted that the findings are preliminary. Her findings were that a wider neck was associated with riski
5、er levels of other measurements for heart diseasesuch as higher systolic blood pressure and lower “ good“ HDL cholesterolbut not heart disease itself. Still, the connection could be an important one if the finding is borne out in future research. And if true, heart disease would join a list of other
6、 diseases linked to a thicker neck. “To our knowledge, there has been no study that has specifically examined the association between neck circumference and risk of heart disease, “ she said. “ Prior studies have suggested that neck circumference may be associated with diabetes, insulin resistance a
7、nd hypertension. “But even if a thicker neck turns out to be a sign of an at-risk heart, Nambi said, that might not mean that measuring your neck alone will ever be a conclusive test that lets a doctor determine heart disease risk. He noted that even now, there is some correlation between waist-to-h
8、ip ratio and obesity and heart disease, but cholesterol level and blood pressure remain the measurements of choice in determining heart risk. The reason is that there are numeric goals for cholesterol and blood pressure, but there is not as simple a numeric target for weight loss. Similarly, he note
9、d, more research would be needed to determine how the circumference of the neck affects heart disease risk in order for the measurement to become useful in the clinic.Ultimately, said Nambi, research is needed to determine whether the neck fat causes heart disease or if it is just a sign of risks ca
10、used by something else. And ultimately, obsessing about your collar size may not be the key to a healthy heart. “ When you lose weight from one source, youre going to lose fat all over your body, “ he said. “Having a healthy lifestyle, several studies have shown thats the best you can do to improve
11、your(heart health)profile.1 From this passage, what can we learn about Preis?（A）She did the study together with Nambi.（B） She is a doctor in NHLBI.（C） She did the study under the lead of others.（D）She hasnt presented the data ever before.2 According to Nambi, which of the following is CORRECT?（A）A n
12、ew way of determining heart disease has been proved.（B） Its clear whats the most efficient way to check overweight.（C） Just by measuring ones neck, a doctor will confirm heart disease.（D）A healthy lifestyle will make a difference on your heart health.3 Nambi can be described as_.（A）creative and conc
13、eited（B） ambitious and outgoing（C） conservative and earnest（D）pessimistic and moody4 Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?（A）A Possible Approach to Checking Heart Disease（B） The Risk of Heart Disease（C） The Relation Between Weight and Blood Pressure（D）How to Improve Your
14、 Heart Health4 Were always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But its not clear where the evidence for this comes from and a large study by the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition(Epic)two years ago of the dietary intak
15、e of more than 400, 000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction in overall cancer risk. Theres no evidence it reduces breast or prostate cancer.Even so, how could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends what fruit youre eating
16、. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in grapefruits can interact fatally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple of many breakfast tables, may reduce our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternati
17、ve to soda drinks but juices contain sugar and calories tooas much as a glass of Coke(160 calories)so should be drunk in moderation.Grapefruit has also been linked to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer(BJC)of 500, 000 post-menopausal women found that eating a quar
18、ter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30% .There is one good reason for not eating grapefruitsthey taste sour. But they are unlikely to increase your risk of breast cancer; further research in the BJC showed no increase of breast cancer in pre-or post-menopausal women who tuck into grapefruit
19、s or drink juice.Grapefruit contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin(also found in Seville oranges and limes but not Valencia or other sweet oranges), which, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, stops the breakdown of some prescription drugs. So the concentrations of these drugs rise and can ha
20、ve serious side-effects, including kidney damage, heart block(where no electrical impulses pass through the heart and it can stop beating), and deep vein thrombosis(which occurred when an oral contraceptive was taken by a woman who also ate grapefruit three days in a row).Patient information leaflet
21、s should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you dont need to eat less fruit, and may still need to eat more. Another paper from the Epic study found a 22% reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and vegetables a da
22、y compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study is designed, however, means that it can only suggest a linkit cant prove one.5 Epic conducted a research two years ago to_.（A）prove that people should eat five portions of fruit a day（B） find a way to reduce the overall cancer risk（C） mak
23、e sure the right amount of fruit eaten every day（D）investigate the relation between eating fruit and reducing cancer risk6 In parents opinion, fruit juice_.（A）should not be drunk with drugs（B） should be healthier than soda drinks（C） may also cause weight gain（D）could be drunk as much as the child li
24、ke7 The result of the further study in the BJC was that eating_.（A）fruit could reduce breast or prostate cancer risk（B） one fourth of grapefruit each day increased breast cancer risk（C） grapefruits didnt increase breast cancer risk（D）more fruits reduced the deaths from heart attack8 The effect of th
25、e chemical in grapefruits on certain medicine might NOT lead to_.（A）breast cancer（B） kidney damage（C） heart block（D）deep vein thrombosis9 Whats the authors attitude towards eating fruit in the last paragraph?（A）People shouldnt eat fruit.（B） People should eat less fruit.（C） People may eat more fruit.
26、（D）People should eat fruit in moderation.9 It is rare for a tale of academic mismanagement in a small institution to grab national attention. But Sciences-Po is no ordinary university. The four most recent French presidents, including Francois Hollande, studied there. In the heart of the Parisian le
27、ft bank, it attracts top-rated students and staff. And it has been without a head since its former director, Richard Descoings, died suddenly in April in a New York hotel room.Now a report on Sciences-Po by the national auditor that talks of “ management failure“ and “numerous violations“ has sparke
28、d furious debate. Critics have seized on managerial extravagance. Aggrieved students, whose tuition fees have risen sharply, have denounced excessive pay. Others have called for board resignations. And the higher-education minister, Genevieve Fioraso, has rejected Sciences-Pos choice of successorHer
29、ve Cres, its deputy directorand imposed a caretaker.Sciences-Po is an odd creature. The state finances half its budget, but the school is run by a private foundation and is thus unconstrained by rules about selection, fees and salary caps that bind other public universities. Between 2005 and 2010, t
30、he schools budget jumped by over 60% , the state subsidy rose by a third and Sciences-Po more than doubled its student intake, to 3, 500. But, says the auditor, it added too many administrative staff, paid them and faculty members too much(Descoings earned 537, 247 or $711 , 585 in 2010)and also too
31、k on “risky debt“. The mismanagement, admits one professor, was “scandalous“.Sciences-Po says it will clean things up and improve transparency. But the debate has broadened: should it return to its old role as a public-service feeder for the Ecole Nationale DAdministration(ENA), the top civil-servic
32、e graduate school? Or should Sciences-Po continue with Descoingss project to turn it into an American-style university that competes globally for students and researchers?For all his faults, Descoings boldly took on the French establishment. He built exchanges with American universities and lured fo
33、reign students to Paris. He recruited students from heavily immigrant suburbs. And he got the school to set up new research centers, such as an economics department. He did all this with a flexibility over recruitment that the French university establishment disliked. “ It is very difficult to attra
34、ct the best and maintain a center of excellence without this autonomy, “ says another faculty member, fretful that it could now be compromised.The trouble is that in the conservative mind, the scandal of Sciences-Pos mismanagement has undermined its credibility. The old elite may now have a stronger
35、 hand against the international-minded inheritors of Descoings. Ms Fioraso wants a new director to be chosen by January. The caretaker who must find one happens to be a former ENA classmate of Mr. Hollandes.10 What is implied but NOT stated in the first paragraph is that_.（A）Sciences-Pos academic mi
36、smanagement has drawn national attention（B） President Francois Hollande was the student of Sciences-Po（C） Sciences-Po attracts excellent students and employees（D）Richard Descoings was the previous head of Sciences-Po11 What does the word “aggrieved“ mean in Paragraph 2?（A）Angry.（B） Aggressive.（C） Sa
37、d.（D）Recruited.12 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_.（A）Sciences-Po is funded and operated by the state（B） universities are restricted by the regulations about pay caps（C） the financial aids from the state was decreased from 2005 to 2010（D）Richard Descoings was overpaid in 201013 Whic
38、h of the following is NOT among the achievements of Descoings?（A）Starting exchanges with universities in the US.（B） Attracting overseas students to Paris.（C） Enrolling lots of immigrant students.（D）Establishing new research centers.14 Descoingss philosophy of schooling is_.（A）conservative（B） open-mi
39、nded（C） neutral（D）out-of-date14 Im a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. Im happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. Im on good terms with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co
40、-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine compliment. It simply doesnt come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the aforementioned relationships, it feels forced, more a matter
41、of obligation than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a heartfelt desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, or I cant cite the intrin
42、sic value of those I love, everyone loses. I feel like Ive warped the emotional and social development of my children, alienated any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arms length.I can recall certain compliments given to me through the years. Some of them made all
43、 the differences, whether in attaining some goal or simply affording me an elevated sense of self and my rightful place in the world. The value of timely acknowledgment is obvious.After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive self-examination endemic to my generation, I believe I know where this st
44、inginess of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our affection. Mama was driven to distraction, to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy examp
45、le. I had complete sympathy for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I thirsted for my mothers attention. I needed to know that she valued me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ri
46、pe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. “Thats OK, “ I reckoned, “I can get by without it“, “it“ being her love.You can imagine the sibling rivalry in all its permutations. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read
47、, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only serve to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now were all “one big happy family“ , but the damage is done. I want to be grac
48、ious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, its pretty much empty.15 Whats the major problem of the author?（A）He never gave others his compliment.（B） He didnt know the importance of compliment.（C） It was hard for him to express praises naturally.（D）He was never given an
49、y compliments by others.16 Which of the following may NOT describe the character of the authors mother?（A）Expressive.（B） Unselfish.（C） Realistic.（D）Tough.17 The authors experiences during the childhood indicate all of the following EXCEPT that_.（A）the author is the first child of the family（B） his family led a very hard life（C） his mother gave less attention to him（D）his mother treated him as more than an assistant18 The word “haven“ in the last paragraph refers to_.（A）paradise（B） she
