1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 260（无答案）1 Who is the speaker?（A）A television announcer.（B） A member of a research team.（C） A teacher.（D）A network executive.2 What is the main purpose of the television?（A）To present information about several Hawaiian volcanoes.（B） To explain a research project about an underwater v
2、olcano.（C） To demonstrate the latest use of underwater cables.（D）To discuss a study of ocean life near underwater Volcamoes.3 How will information get from the observatory to the mainland?（A）Geologists will bring it back.（B） It will be sent back by cable.（C） It will be sent by mail.（D）It will be sen
3、t back through seismometers(地震仪 )4 Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?（A）Because it is related to work being done in class.（B） Because she helped produce it.（C） Because she is excited about it.（D）Because it is a public television broadcast.一、Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Dir
4、ections: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.4 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is
5、also the variety which is normally 26 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 27 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 28 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 29 ; standard English has colloquial as well as
6、formal variants.30 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 31 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 32 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 33 a model, or norm, fo
7、r wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 34 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 35 Eng-lish is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 36 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 37 among local standards
8、is really quite minor, 38 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 39 differ-ent from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 40 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 41 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-establish
9、ed dialects of England have 42 much of their vigor (活力) and there is considerable pressure on them to be 43 This latter situation is not unique 44 English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 45 But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike so
10、me kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.（A）said（B） told（C） talked（D）spoken（A）same（B） similar（C） equal（D）identical（A）anything（B） something（C） nothing（D）everything（A）language（B） vocabulary（C） idioms（D）words（A）Surprisingly（B） Historically（C） Interestingly（D
11、）Generally（A）accent（B） pronunciation（C） spelling（D）dialect（A）preferred（B） learned（C） praised（D）created（A）to（B） in（C） as（D）for（A）basis（B） norm（C） rule（D）variety（A）formal（B） colloquial（C） non-standard（D）standard（A）not（B） very（C） much（D）hardly（A）variation（B） standardization（C） unification（D）transformat
12、ion（A）therefore（B） but（C） so that（D）nevertheless（A）great（B） much（C） no（D）little（A）talked（B） concerned（C） mentioned（D）involved（A）press（B） pressure（C） power（D）force（A）lost（B） gained（C） missed（D）got（A）abandoned（B） changed（C） standardized（D）reformed（A）in（B） of（C） for（D）to（A）in the way（B） under way（C） ou
13、t of the way（D）all the wayPart ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.24 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering thi
14、s question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Com
15、petitors may not be a-ware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the proc
16、ess by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources. But conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur
17、, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human society.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. S
18、ocial animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有 )of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition sta
19、rve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among
20、nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to confl
21、ict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.25 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to（A）argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies（B） smooth out the conflicts in human soci
22、eties（C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition（D）summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation26 According to the author competition differs from conflict in that_.（A）it results in war in most cases（B） it induces efforts to expand territory（C） it is a kind of opposition a
23、mong social entities（D）it is essentially a struggle for existence27 The phrase“function in the disservice of one another“(Line para. 1) most probably means“_“.（A）betray each other（B） harm one another（C） help to collaborate with each other（D）benefit one another28 The author indicates in the passage t
24、hat conflict_.（A）is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition（B） reflects the struggle among social animals（C） is an opposition among individual social entities（D）can be avoided29 The passage is probably intended to answer the question“_“.（A）Is war inevitable?（B） Why is there conflict and co
25、mpetition?（C） Is conflict desirable?（D）Can competition lead to conflict?29 Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substa
26、ntially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agricultu
27、re will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled.
28、The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to“disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develo
29、p an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a suppl
30、emental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable by-products. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.30 The purpose of this passage is_.（A）to acquaint the read
31、er with water pollution problems（B） to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply（C） to explain industrial uses of water（D）to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem31 Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?（A）Diluting wastes needs a certain amount of wa
32、ter.（B） Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.（C） Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.（D）Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.32 The reader can conclude that_.（A）countries of the world will work togethe
33、r on pollution problems（B） some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes（C） by-products from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace（D）science is making great progress in increasing water supplies33 The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_.（A）interviews with
34、authorities in the field of water controls（B） definitions which clarify important terms（C） opinions and personal observations（D）strong arguments and persuasions34 The words“prior to “(Para. 2)probably mean_.（A）during（B） before（C） after（D）beyondPart BDirections: Read the text, match the items (61-65)
35、 to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.34 Joan:That is, goals that are small, manageable, achievable, realistic and tangible. Too many people judge whether theyre overweight by those depressing insurance-company tables listing“ ideal“or“healthy“body weigh
36、ts based on low mortality rates. But such tables represent only the weights of people who applied for life insurance and lived the longest. They do not accurately measure the effects of excess body fat on sickness or longevity for the entire population. Nor do they tell you your healthiest weight.Ka
37、te:To reduce, you must combine the three key elements of long-term weight control. First, follow a nutritionally balanced, healthful eating plan. Increase the fiber in your diet and cut your fat intake to 25 to 30 grams per day. If youve selective about the food you choose, you can eat three meals a
38、 day and up to three low-fat snacks.One explanation for this quick impact is that you are what you eat. Its not just the pounds of excess body fat that cause all the trouble. Its the high-fat calories that you consume every day to maintain those extra pounds. As soon as you cut out those additional
39、high-fat calories, youll be healthier and happier. Jean :Heres the tough part. After trimming down, easy-does-it dieters spend at least six months adapting to their new weight. This gives the body time to adjust to the changes it has undergone in diet, exercise and life-style.Dont get caught in the
40、trap of all-or-nothing thinking. An occasional lapse is normal. We recommend what we call the “R-K-0“system. Each day that you follow a program of low fat diet and exercise is an “R“day of “regularly reducing. “Days when you want to just hold steadyeat a bit more, exercise slightly lessare “K“days,
41、for“keeping it off. “Days when you splurge are“0“days, for“off“.At the end of each day, mark an R, K or O on your calendar. The winning formula is to have your K days, and your K days outnumber your O days.Rose:Of the 34 million American adults who are classified as overweight, about two million sho
42、uld lose 100 or more pounds. These people obviously need to lose more than ten percent of their body weight; they will require medical supervision, rapid weight loss and the use of special portion-controlled foods.In most cases, however, people who are overweight can start an easy-does-it plan. Then
43、, after theyve maintained their new, slimmer bodies for six months, they can consider a second cycle.How do you decide whether youve lost enough weight? Feeling good is the first sign. Health-risk factors are an even better indicator. Before you go on an easy-does-it weight-loss program, have your d
44、octor measure your cholesterol, body fat and blood pressure. Then check with your physician at the beginning of the six-month maintenance stage. After that, you can move forward on your own.Jone:The easy-does-it diet is not so much a diet as an approach to weight loss and life-style. You dont have t
45、o hit a magic number on your scale. You can achieve a healthy weight safely and permanentlyif you just remember:easy does it.Statements61. Joan A We should set“smart“goals.62. Kate B The first few pounds you lose are the most valuable.63. Jean C One must keep it off.64. Rose D Moderate weight loss is easier to sustain.65. Jone E Easy-does-it is necessary.F You should take it off.G Reassess.
